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User:Dysfunktion/List of common Indo European roots

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490 roots processed in 0.000050s on 27 January 2006, 20:50:13

Pronouns

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
eg- I uk ik ih/Ich iċ/I ek egō aham õc azəm ego eho ja
me- me mua ammuk amu mi mik mih/mich mec/me mik/mér eme mam mam me mehe mi/mię/mnie menja
wei- we wēs vedu/ wit/weis wir/wir wē/we vit/vér vayam vayam/ ve wes
nes- us ne anzās ni ni uns unsih/uns uncer/us oss no nas na nos ny nas nás
tu- thou ti tuk dun/tun toū tu/tu tū/tú ti þu dū/du þū/thou þú su tvam tsū' dy/ tuva/to tuvai tu/tui ty ty ty tu/tuwe
te- thee dih/dich þē/thee þik tüa te te cię/ci
iuh- ye jūs/jūs jus ir/ihr gē/you ykkr/yðr humeis yuyam yuzem
wos- you vas vos vos was vy
kwo- who kush kuiš ov-inč' kas/kas /cía hwas hwer/wer hwā/who hverr tis ka- kus kâča či /ki quis poei kto kto kus/kŭse
s(w)e refl. 3rd pers pronoun sien; sin savo/sevi sik sih/sich; sin/sein sin/-- sik; sinn heos sva se; suus se sja ve

Numerals

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Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
1- oino- one një/nji aīns vienas/viens oinos óin/aon un ains ein/eins ān/one einn oios eka akh ev aēuua iu/jeu aiva/yak ūnus uinus uns edinŭ jeden odin
1- sem- one gjithë san sñta mi/mek/meg sa/ samhail hafal sama saman/zusammen sum/some sami heis sa-kr.t sâ~ hakeret hama/hamin semel sam sas/s.e
2- dwo- two dy dā- tuwa erku/yerku/yergu dwāi du/divi vo dá/dó dau twai zwei twā/two tveir duō dva zū' duua dyuuæ/duuæ duva/do duo dus tuf dŭva dwa dva wu/wi
3- trei- three tre tri- trei erek'/yerek' tri trys/trīs treis treí/trí tri þreis drī/drei þrēo/three þrír treis tri tre tre θri ærtæ çi/se trēs tris trif trĭje trzy tri tre/trai tri- thri-
4- kwetwer- four katër teteri č'ork'/č'ors keturjāi keturi/četri petor cethir/ceahair pedwar fidwor feor/vier fēower/four fjórir tessares catur tsor što čaθwar cyppar/cuppar /čahār quattuor petora petor četyri cztery četyre śtwar/śtwer ketri-
5- penkwe- five pesë hing/hing/hink pēnkjāi penki/pieci pempe cóic/cúig pump fimf fimf/fünf fīf/five fimm pente pañca pā.~tsh puč pan.ča fondz panča/panj quinque pompe pumpe pętĭ pięć pjat' päñ/piś pinke
6- swek's- six gjashtë vec'/vec' usjai šeši/seši suex chwech saihs sēhs/sechs siex/six sex heks s.as. śe s.u xš.uuaš æxsæz /šeš sex sehs sehs šestĭ sześć šest' s.äk/s.kas ses-
7- septm.- seven shtatë šipta- evt'n/yot'/yot'ĕ septīnjai septyni/septiņi sextan secht/seacht saith sibun sibun/sieben seofon/seven sjau hepta sapta sath sut hapta avd /haft septem seften sedmĭ siedem sem' s.äk/s.kas
8- ok'tōu- eight tëte aitãta- ut'/ut'/ut'ĕ astōnjai aštuoni/astoņi oxtū ocht wyth ahtau ahto/acht eahta/eight átta oktō as.t.a ā.t.h us.t. ašta ast ašta/hašt octō uhto osmĭ osiem vosem' okät/okt
9- newn.- nine nëntë/nândë ñuñtãta- inn/inn/innĕ newīnjai devyni/deviņi navan nói/naoi naw niun niun/neun nigon/nine níu ennea nava nav nu nauua nava/noh novem nuven nuvim devętĭ dziewięć devjat' ñu
10- dek'm.- ten dhjetë/dhetë tasn/tas/dasĕ desīmtan dešimt/desmit decam deich deg taihun zēhen/zehn tīen/ten tíu deka daśa da.h duc dasa dæs daθa/dah decem deken desem desętĭ dziesięć desjat' śäk/śak dece-
20- wīk'm.tī- twenty njëzet/njizet k'san vocontio fiche ugain eikosi vin.śati vuh vici visaiti /bist vīgintī wiki/ikäm.
100- k'm.tom hundred šimtas/simts cét/cead cant hund hunt/hundert hundred/hundred hundrað hekaton śata śath sata/satem sædæ /sad centum sŭto sto sto känt/kante
1000- teus-k'm.ti thousand tukstantis/tūkstots þusundi þūsunt/tausend þusend/thousand þúsund tysõšti' tysiąc tysjača tumane/tmām
per- foremost->first i parë para pariy pirmas/pirmais príomh yr furist/Fürst; fruo/früh fyrst/first fyrstr prōtos prathama pürük paoiriia fyccag-farast/farast primus perum pert pierwszy pervyj parwät/parwe

Directions

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
en in in/ yn in in/in in/in í en in on-
eghs out ex- ess-/as/ó ex ex izu iz
(s)uper over thar ver- for/ ufaro ubar/über ofer/over yfir hyper upari upairi bar/abar super
(s)upo under up-zi iup uf/auf upp/up upp hypo upa zir sub
ambhi around ambi- imb-/ umbi/um ymbe/-- um aiphi abhitah aiwito ambi oba ámpi
medhyo- between mēj/mēč medis/mežs medi-os midjis mitti/Mitte ælemidde/middle meðal madhyah pâmüč mian medium mefiaí między meždu metu
bhudhmen bottom bun/pun bun bôn bodam/Boden botm/bottom botn puthmēn budhnah bŭnō bon fundus

Kinship

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
manu- person žmonės/-- manna man/Mann mann/man maðr manus- mânša man-us mozi muž
nō-m.n name emër/êmën lāman anun emnes anm-en ainm/ anu namo namo/Name nama/name nafn onoma nāmah nom nama nom nāma/nām nōmen nome ime imię imja ñom/ñem
wī-ro- man neri wirs vyras/vīrs gwyr fer/fear gwr wair wer/Werwolf wer/werewolf vīra- vīra- vir viru wir
hner man ayr anēr nar ner anar
gwen- woman grua kin/gin genno bean benyw qino quena/-- cwēn/queen kona gunē gnā/jani- zanānū' gənā /zan žena żona žena
an- ancestor parët hannas han ane anyta/-- eontr ano/Ahn annis/anōn nia/niakan anus vnuk ana
pəter- father atë ātir athir/athair gwaladr fadar fater/Vater fæder/father faðir patēr pitā petū'r fyd/ pitar/pedar pater patir pater pācar/pācer
māter- mother ëma mayr mūti motė/māte mātir máthir/máthair modryb muoter/Mutter mōdor/mother mōðir mētēr mātr. mā.j motr mātar- mad/madæ mātar/mādar māter maatreis matrer mati matka mat' mācar/mācer mater
bhrāter- brother vlla yeġbayr/yeġpayr brāti brolis/brālis brātir bráthair/dearbhráthair brawd brōþar bruoder/Bruder brōþor/brother bróðir phrātēr bhrātar boy br.o brātar- ærvad/ brātār/barādar frāter fratrom bratru brat brat pracer/procer bra' brater
swesor- sister motër k'uyr sesuo/-- suiior deirfiúr chwaer swistar swester/Schwester sweostor/sister systir eor svasar- sus shanhar- xuæræ xahar soror sestra siostra sestra s.ar/s.er
sunu- son dielli ustr soūns sūnus/-- sunus sunu/Sohn sunu/son sonr nios sūnu- hunu- synu syn syn se/soyä
dhugəter- daughter bijë dustr/tusdr duckti duktē/ duxtīr dauhtar tohter/Tochter dohtor/daughter dóttir thugatēr duhitar- doxtar dusti doč' ckācar/tkacer
daiwer- husband's brother taigr/daikr dieveris/dieveris zeihhur/-- dāēr devar- lēvir dever'
swek'rū mother-in-law vjehërr skesur/sgesur šešuras chwegr swaíhrō swigur/Schwieger swēor/-- sväära ekurā śvaśrū- č.uč. xvasura- socrus świekra svekrov'
snus-os daughter-in-law nu snoru/-- nuos snushā- nurus snŭkha snecha
g'əlōu- brother's wife galōs glōs zlŭva zolovka gelaros
yenəter- brother-in-law's wife ner jentė/ietere einatēr yātar- iâri ianitrīcēs jatrov'
awon- grandfather/mother's brother hav awis avynas avontīr aue/ó ewythr awó ōheim/Oheim ēam/-- aia avus/avunculus uy wuj uj
nepōt- grandson/nephew nip nepuotis/ nei niath/ nai nefo/Neffe nefa/-- napāt- nâvo napāt- napā/nave nepōs netiy
widhewā- widow e ve widdewu fedb/ gweddw widuwō wituwa/Witwe widuwe/widow eitheos vidhavā- viðavā- /beva vidua vidova wdowa vdova
ghos-ti stranger/guest gasts gast/Gast gæst/guest gestr hostis gosti gość gost'

Body parts

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'er- head krye karapen/garaben kerpetis ceann hirni/Hirn hjarni kare karparas sar /sar cerĕbrum čerep
kaput- head krye ceann haubiþ houbit/Haupt hēafod/head hofuð kaput- caput
pilo- hair flok plaukas/plūksnas pilos pĭlus pleš
pula- hair qime ulach/ pula
bhru- brow vetull wubri bruvis/-- brú/bruach brā/Braue brū/brow brún ophrus bhrus abru bruvi brew brov' pärwām./pärwāne abroutes
ous- ear vesh ausis/auss aus clúas auso ōra/Ohr ēare/ear eyra ous usi usi gaušā/guš auris ucho ucho uxo
okw- eye sy ač'k' akis/acs súil enep augo ouga/Auge ēaġe/eye auga ophthalmos aks.i âče~ oculus oko oko oko ak/ek
nas- nose hun nazy nosis/nāss nasa/Nase nosu/nose nös nasa nâsur. nah nāham/ nasus nasu nos nos
ōs- mouth goj aish austo uosta/osta oss ōr/-- oss as/osthas âša aosta ōs usta usta
leb- lip buz llef liopa lefso/Lippe lippa/lip /lab labĭum lobzat'
dent- tooth dhëmbë dantis/ dant dant tunþus zand/Zahn tōþ/tooth tǫnn odous/donti dantam dãd dut /dandān dēns/dentis dziąsło desna
dn.g'hū- tongue gua lezu insuwis liežuvis/-- teanga tafod tuggo zunga/Zunge tunge/tongue tunga jihva dic huzvan hazānam/zabān lingua językŭ język jazyk
g'enu- cheek faqe cnaut/dznaud žandas/zods genou gin/ kinnus kinni/Kinn cin/chin kinn genos hanus zanu chaneh/goune gena sanwem azon
g'ebh- jaw gial kiuwa/Kiefer ċeafl/jowl keptr zafana zob
smek- chin mjekër zamakur mauruk/maurug smakras/smakrs smig smasru maxilla
bhardh-ā- beard mjekër barzda/bārda barf bards bart/Bart beard/beard barðr barba brada broda boroda
moni neck qaf maniakys muin/muinéal mwnwgl mana/Mähne manu/mane mǫn mannon manya monīle monisto
omesos shoulder sup us ams ass ōmos amsa umĕrus es/āntse
k'ub- shoulder sup gogof hups huf/Hüfte hype/hip kubos śupti supti /šāne cubitus
arm- arm krah armunk/armung irmo lámh arms arm/Arm earm/arm armr arthron/ irmas arm armus ramo ramię
el- elbow brryl olok/olog alkūnė/elkonis elin uillean elin aleina elina/Elle eln/ell aln alas/oleon aratnis ulna lokot'
dous- forearm parakrah paduse doe dos daos pazuxa
g'hes- hand dorë kessar izre dzer.k'/cer.k' pažastis/-- kheir hastas düšt zasta dasta/dæst praesto
men- hand dor munt/Vormund mund/-- mane manus
onogh nail thuni yeġung/yeġunk nāgas/nags eguin inga/ionga ewin nagal/Nagel næġel/nail nagl onohos; onux anghri nakhara /nāxun unguis noguti nogot'
psten- breast gji stin/sdin spenis spenys/spenis sine/ spunni/Spanferkel spane/-- speni stēthos stana fštana pestan/sine
perk'- rib bri pirsys parsus parsum fars persi
pog- lap prehr paksis paksas pectus pax passa
onbh- navel krthiz nabis naba imbliu/imleacán nabalo/Nabel nafela/navel nafli omphalos nabhya naf naba naf umbilīcus
udero- belly bark vedaras/vēders wanast/Wanst otheros udaram udaras del uterus; venter vedro bedro
pizda vulva pith pizda pizda
put- vulva puti vut/Fotze futh pūtĕō
pes- penis kar faselt/Fasel fæsl/-- fösull peos pasas pēnis
org'hi- testicle herdhe orjik/orčik arzus uirghe orkhis arazi
ors- arse byth arras or err/ ars/Arsch ærs/arse ars orrhos
k'louni- buttock byth clun clun hlaun sroni slaunis sraoni clūnis
kroksko leg krake karka cos kiskum kraka okorok
ped- foot sput pata ot-/votk'/vodk' pe'da' pėda/pēda fotus fuoz/Fuß fōt/foot fótr podi padam pâdha fad/ /pa pēs/pedis per'i pe'š pieszy pešij pem./paiyye
g'enu- knee guni gienu cungkʿ/çunk geno glún/glúin glin kniu kniu/Knie cnēo/knee kne gonu jānu znum zonyg /zānu genū zveno kanwem/kenī Genua/Genava
kemək- kneecup kenkle/cinksla hēla/heel hæll kañkāla
persna heel themr parsina fairsna fersana/Ferse fiersn/-- ptera parsni perna/pernis

Body organs

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
kwrep- body shkrep corp corff href/ hrif/midriff prapis krapa xrafstra corpus
nau- corpse nave nawe newyn duine naus not/ néo-/-- nár navi nav'/onava nut/naut
pel- skin pleinen fel/Fell filmen/film feldr pelos/pilon pellis pelena
tuakos skin tuekkas craiceann sakos tvacas
(k)ost- bone asht hastai oskr asgwrn ostoun asthi ât.i asti /ostexān os; costa kostĭ kość kost' /ásta
g'wiya sinew jil/čil gysla/cīpsla gewyn bios jya ja jya fīlum žitsa žila
memso flesh mish mis mensa mimz menisk mamsam maz membrum mjaso misa
kreu- blood kraujas/ /crau/cru/ crau rāo/roh hrēaw/raw hrár kreas kravis kruva- cruor kruvi krew krov'
esr- blood ešar esêne- ariun --/asinis eiar asrak aser ysār/yasar
mozgo brain muzgeno marg/Mark mearg/marrow mergr majjas massunt mazga /maġz mozgu mózg mozg mäs's'unt
gwheleg'h- gland geġdz/keġc geležuones/dziedzeris eleza
reusmen- throat rhumen romantha rumen
pleu-mon lung plausas pleumōn kloman płuco pljuče
k'erd- heart kir kride sird/sirt seyr širdis/sirds craidd cride/croidhe craidd hairto herza/Herz heorte/heart hjarta kardia hr.daya zâra zərədā zærdæ cor sreda serce serdce kri/käryāñ
yēkwr.- liver jeknos/aknas ae hēpar yaknas iâñi yakar/jigar /jegar jecur ikra
spleng'h- spleen p'aicaln blusne bluznis/ selg/ splēn plihan pr.u sparazan liēn slezena
g'hel- gall galla/Galle galla/gall gall khole fel żółć elč
lendh- kidney /lenden lendenu/-- lumbus ljadvie
gwelbh- womb bhroin wamba wamba/Wamme wamb/womb vomb delphus garbhas
gwrebh- womb /brommach brephos črevo
g'her- bowels jar/čar zarna/ garn/Garn gearn/yarn garn horion hirah hernia
eter- intestines anderk/anderg inathar/ entera antram jatro wątroba utroba
kakka excrement kakor/gagor /cacc cach /kacke kakkao (isfa.)keke cacare kaka

Human feelings and qualities

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
men- mind men mitk'/midk' mintis muns /Minne gemynd/mind minni menos manas manah- manesh mens mineti mnit'
aiw- vital force aye/ever aiōn ayuh ayu aevum aym
swep- sleep gjumë k'nel sapnas súan/són hun swefan/-- svefn hupnos svapnas xvafna xab/xoft somnus son s.päm./s.pane
an- spirit frym anjn anal anam anysbryd andi eðian/-- anda anemos anas anĭmal vonja von'
g'eus- taste shije guss/ kustus; kiusan kiosan/kiesen ċēosan/choose kjosa josati zaoso/zusto dauš-/ gustus gust
ters- dry ter tsarav tirim þaursus durst/Durst þurst/thirst þurr tersesthai tarsna tarsu terra
sweid- sweat djersë k'rtink'/k'rdink' /sviedri chwys sweiz/Schweiß; swizzen/schwitzen swāt/sweat; swætan/sweat sveiti hidros svedate xvaeda- xosh sūdor
dakru- tear lot arc'unk' ašara/asara dēr/deór deigryn tagr zahar/Zähre tēar/tear tār dakru aśru asrū-azan lacrĭma ākär/akrūna
ghouros fear frik /gure gaurs graus ghoras žurit'
ghers- horror garsim/karsim grassa gruam gersta grahma
trudes- leprosy grbult truneti trosc/ trutsfill truo trūdō

Celestial terms

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
sawel- sun diell saulė/saule haul suil/ haul sauil sunna/Sonne sunne/sun sól hēlios suras su hvar xur xur/xorshid sōl slunice słońce solnce swāñce/swāñco
mens- moon/month muaj amis mėnulis/mēness; mėnuo/mėnesis mi/ mis mēna; menoþs mano/Mond; mōnād/Monat mōna/moon; mōnaþ/month máni; mānaðr mēn masas mos mahya /mæj māha/māh mensis měsęcĭ miesiąc mesjac mañ/meñe
ster- star yll šittar astġ/asdġ sterenn seren stāirno sterro/Stern steorra/star stjarna astēr tārā/strebhih/stṛ́ r.âšto star- sthaly/ /setāre stēlla śre/śćirye
nebh- sky/cloud qiel nepis debesis/debess néal nef nebul/Nebel nifol/-- nephos nabhas niru nebŭlō nebo niebo nebo
leuk- light/bright drit lalukkes luga luys lauxnas laukas/lauks leux loscaim/loiscim llug liuhaþ lioht/Licht lēoht/light leygr leukos rocate luka/r.uč roxan lūx Lúvkis Vuvçis luci lug luk
telp- space hapsir talpa /tallaim talm talpas tolpa --/tälp-

Times of day

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
aus- dawn ag aušra/ausma fair gwawr ōstra/Osten ēast/east austr hēos us.ās ušastara aurōra utro
agh- morn gdhi aige ahem jug
deien- day dit tiv/div diena/diena die/dia/denus/ dydd sintīns lengizin/Lenz lencten/lent dinam nundinae dĭnĭ dzień den'
wes-pero- evening perndim gišer/kišer vakaras/vakars /fescor ucher veig hesperos vespera wieczór večer
nekw-t- night natë nekuz naktin naktis/nakts nocht innocht/anochd nos nahts naht/Nacht niht/night nōtt nuks nakti nox nosti noc noč' nakcu/nekcīye

Seasons

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
yēr- year jer jar/Jahr gēar/year ar iros yare dušiyaram/ hornus jaro
wet- year wiþrus widar/Widder weðer/wether veðr etos vatsah vetus
wes- spring garun/karun vasara/ var var ear vasantas vâsut vanri /bahār vēr vesna wiosna vesna
sem- summer amar. sam sam/ haf sumar/Sommer sumor/summer sumar sama ham
osen- harvest assanis asans aran/Ernte earnian/earn önn onopa jesień osen'
g'hei- winter dimër/dimën gima- dzmer./cmer. žiema/ziemas Giamillus gheimhridh gaeaf gōi kheima heman ze~ zimo /zemestān//dai hiems zima zima śärme/śimpriye

Atmosphere

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'ewero- northwind c'urt/c'urd šiaurys/-- skura scūr/Schauer scūr/shower skūr caurus severu sever
sneigh snow snaygis sniegas/sniegs snigid/ nyf snaiws snēo/Schnee snāw/snow snjor nipha snihyati nix snegu śnieg sneg
grad- hail karkut/gargut gruodas/-- grando grad grad
yeg- ice iža/ieze aig/oighear ia ichil/Gicht gicel/icicle jaki ikra
ei-s- ice īs/Eis īs/ice íss isu/aexa ix /yax inej
sneudh- mist nudd nudd nuthon snaoda nubes
meldh- lightning mealde milna/-- molnija

Wholeness

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
solo- whole gjallë olj/olč oll/ holl holos sarvah sũdi haurva- sōlus cały salu/sol
semi- half sami- sami/-- sām-/sand-blind hēmisus sami sâmaũ sēmis
aiti- part aes aitios-aisa aeta- aeteis

Terrain

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dhg'em- earth dhè tekan same žemė/zeme domhain dyn guma gomo/Bräutigam guma/bridegroom gumi khthōn ks.a za.min zæxx/ zam/zamin humus huntruis hondomu zemlja ziemia zemlja tkam/kem. zemelo/zamelon semela
akmon stone akmen hamar/Hammer hamor/hammer hamarr akmōn acma asman kamy kamień kamen'
g'embh- ledge->tooth dhëmb/dhamb camel/dzamel žambas/zobs kamb/Kamm camb/comb kambr gomphos jambhas kam/keme zâmoa gemma zǫbŭ gęba/ząb zub kombous
gwere mount gur ler giria deiras giris gairi gora góra gora
agras field art/ard akrs achar/Acker æcer/acre akr agros/agrestis ajrah ager ager
lendh- steppe lindan landa- land/lann llan lant/Land land/land land ledina ljada
gues- forest gethi questa/-- guspita vespice xvorost
leug- puddle legate liugas Lugu-dunum lugaios luja lugas
lat- swamp Latuva Arelate laith llaid /letten latas
mori- bog mary marios/mare Aremorici muir/muir môr mari; marei mari/Meer; mersk/Marsch mere/mere; mersc/marsh marr maryada mare morze more
laku- pond lič/lij Lakajai loch/loch lagu/-- lagu/-- lakkos lacus
eg'hero- lake assaran ežeras/ezers Akherōn ezero jezioro ozero oseriates
akwa- river ha akwanzi upė/upe abhainn aha aha/Ache īg/island á ap aqua Oka
wedor water ujë watar get/ked wundan vanduo/ūdens uisce/uisge dŵr watō wazzar/Wasser wæter/water vatn hudōr udan- odūr unda utur voda woda voda war bedu bedu udrēnas
poimno- foam spainė/ veim/Feim fām/spiúma phena fink pumex pena pena

Fire

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
paəwr. bonfire pahhur hur fiur/Feuer fyr/fire furr pur pu afruz/afruxt pir požar por/pūwar
egni- fire agnis ugnis/uguns agni ignis ogn' ogień ogon'
dhu- smoke dumis dūmai/dūmi dē/dumhach dub dauns toup/toben dōmian/dusk daunn thumos dhumas /dud fumus Mefit dym dym twe/tweye
pers- dust pappars parsla/pīšļi fors pr.sati paršuya- perst' pärs-

Parts of trees

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
deru- tree dru/drû taru car./dzar. drawine derva/dreve Dervus derucc/ derwen; dâr triu trēow/tree trē drus; drys dāru/dāru dâa dāuru /deraxt durus drěvo drzewo derevo or
g'hasto- stick gass hasta hostatu
g'hazdho- stick gat gazds gart/Gart gād/goad gaddr žedr'
k'ak- branch thekë čyuġ/jyuġ sagnis šaka/saka gēc/gēag hōha huohili/ śakha coa soxa
dherghen- thorn drignės/drigenes draigen/ draen tirnpauma/dirnbaum drāks.a deren
wred- root rrënjë frém/fréamh gwraidd vaurts wirz/Wurz wyrt/wort rōt rhiza vardhati rādīx vred
gwetw resin bedwen beithe kuti/Kitt cudu/cud kvāða jatu bitūmen
kel- glue klejai kolla klej klej

Flora

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
bhāgo- beech Bāgācon|beith buohha/Buche bēce/beech bōk phugos fāgus buzina
perkwu- oak perkunas dair foraha/Föhre furh/fir fura parkati quercus
bhereg'- birch berse beržas/bērzs birihha/Birke birce/birch bjǫrk bhūrjah. bärz frāxinus breza bereza berzas
klen- maple klevas/kļava kelyn kelyn hlin/linn hlynr klen klino-trokhon
ol- alder alanzan aliskande alksnis/ alisa elira/Erle alor/alder alr alnus olcha olxa alixa
os- ash ah hachi woasis uosis/osis onnen asc/Esche æsc/ash askr oksua ornus osina
apsa aspen opuse/ aspa/Espe æspe/aspen ösp
eywo- yew aigi/aiki ieva/īve iva eo/ ywen iwa/Eibe īw/yew yr iva
grabh- hornbeam/oak skroblas/skābardis Graboui grab grabion
wyg'h- elm vidh vinkšna/vilksna wice/Wych Elm viz (Kurdish) vjaz
g'heluna pine jelun/čelun giolnar kheilos
elwn- cedar addle/egle odocos ebulus el'
koslo- hazel kasulas coll coll/ hasal/Hasel hæsl/hazel hasl corulus
ar- nut arrë arna orzech orex
abl- apple woble obuolys/ābols avallo uball/ubhall afal apful/Apfel æppel/apple eple abalas janloko jabłko jabloko
ker- cherry keras/kirna ceiriosen craf keradion čerenok/koren'
rap- turnip rōpē/ raba/Rübe rhapus rapum repa repa
krem- onion kermušē/cermauksis crem/creamh hramsan/ramson kremeon
ōg- berry uoga āirne akran ēker/Ecker æcern/acorn akarn vinjaga jagoda oko
mor- blackberry muri mori merwydden /smēār mwyar moron mōrum
k'alam- reed salme /salms halm/Halm healm/haulm halmr kalamos culmus soloma kulmãm.ts
koino- grass xot/xod šienas/siens koina seno

Insects

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
morwi- ant morr mrjiun/mrčiun merva moirb maurr murmēs vamras maoiri /mour formica mravie mrówka muravej
bhei- bee bletë bitte bitis becos bech/bech begegyr bīa/Biene bēo/bee bǖn/bý fūcus pszczoła pčela
wopsa wasp vapsa/ guahi foich/ wafsa/Wespe wæps/wasp gvabz ušpik vawzaka vespa vosa osa
mu- fly mizë mun muse mucka/Mücke mycg/midge muia ma.čh /magas musca mucha muxa
blousa flea plesht lu blusa psulla plus.i pulex bloxa
knid- louse thërijë anic/anidz gnida nedd gneis konis gnida
kwr.mi- grub krimb kirmis/cērme cruim/ pryf krmi kalm /kirm čermnyi červ'

Water animals

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dhg'hu- fish dzuk/cug žuvis/zivs ikhthus
peisk- fish /iasc pysgodyn fisks fisc/Fisch fisc/fish fiskr piscis piskorz piskar'
laks- salmon lalasso lašiša/lasis lahs/Lachs leax/-- lax losos losos' laks/läks
angwi- eel angis/angurgis ung/ unc egkhelus anguis už/ugor'
konkho- shell konkhos sankha conguius koncha
wr.mi- worm vord/vort wormyan varmas/-- gwraint waurms wurm/Wurm wyrm/worm ormr rhomos vermis vermie

Birds

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
awi- bird hav hwyad aetos vih avayas avis
eor- eagle oror haras arciv/ardziv erēlis/ērglis er irar/iolar eryr ara arn/Aar earn/erne ǫrn ornis orilu orzeł orel
worn- raven varna brana bran vorona --/wrauña
qor- raven krauklys/ hraban/Rabe hræfn/raven hrafn koraks corvus
trozdos thrush strazdas/ truid drudwy droscala/Drossel þrysce/thrush þröstr turdus drozgu drozd
aneti- duck ántis anut/Ente ened/-- ǫnd atih anas utie
g'hans- goose sansy žąsis/zoss geiss/--; géd/gé gŵydd gansus gans/Gans gōs/goose gās khen haṃsá x'az /gaz ānser gęś gus'
teter- grouse tatrakm tatarwis teterva/teteris tethra/ þiðurr tetraōn tittiras /tadarv teterev
sperg- sparrow spurglis sparwa sparo/Sperling spearwa/sparrow spörr sparasion /parasto parra s.pār/s.pāra-
ger- crane kerunk gerwe garnis/ garan krano/Kranich cran/crane trana geranos grūs žuravl'
petra- wings pittar eterin fedara/Feder feðer/feather fjǫðr pteryx/ patram /par penna pero
niz-do nest nist net/net nyth nest/Nest nest/nest nidas nīdus gnezdo gniazdo gnezdo

Beasts

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
g'hwer- beast zveris/ ther ferus zveri zwierzę zver'
maghos young animal makth mac Magu-rix maug/ meudwy magus magad/Magd mægð/maid mær maghava
s-tauro bison tauris tauras/tauriņš tarbh tarw stiur stior/Stier steor/steer stjorr tauros staora taurus turu tur
r.tk'o- bear ari arj/arč art arth arktos rksa ic xirs ars ursus
wl.kwo- wolf ujk-ulk gayl/kayl wilkis vilkas/vilks vail faol wulfs wolf/Wolf wulf/wolf ūlfr lukos vr.ka vehrka- varka/gorg lupus vluku wilk volk --/walkwe
epero- boar Vepriai/vepris/vepris ebur/Eber eofor/-- vapati aper/vepres apruf vepr'
bhi-bhru beaver bebrus bebras/bebrs Bibrax befer bibar/Biber beofer/beaver bjōrr babhrus bawra fiber bóbr bobr
udras otter udra/udris /odar; uydr//odoirne/ ottar/Otter oter/otter otr hudros udras udra lutra vydra wydra vydra
wewer- squirrel vaveris/vāvere gwywer eihhurno/Eichhorn ācweorna/-- īkorni /varvarah vīverra wiewiórka veverica
eg'hi- hedgehog ozni ežys/ezis gráinneóg igil/Igel igil/-- īgul ekhinos wyzyn jeż eksis/eksis
netr- snake nathir/neidr nathir/ neidr nadrs natara/Natter naeddre/adder naðr natrix
mūs- mouse mi muk/mug muse/ mūs/Maus mūs/mouse mūs mūs mūs. musa mus /muš mūs mysu mysz myš'

Home animals

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
k'won- dog shakë śuwanis šun sunis šuo/suns cuna cū/cú ci hunds hunt/Hund hund/hound hundr kuon/cynic śvan hūn spā canis suka ku kinu- kunes dinu-
ek'wo- horse aśuwas esbe- ēš ašva/āži epo ech ebol eoh/-- hippos aśva ušpa aspa/asb equus yuk/yakwe es' esvas
gwou- cow/bull kov/gov --/guovs bō/bo kuo/Kuh cū/cow bous gaus gāv go --/gāv buv- bum govjado ko/keŭ
lōp- cow lopë lāeg llo /lops
uksin- ox, bull auhsa/ych ohso/Ochse oxa/ox oxi uksa uxshan-
su- swine thi --/sivēns socc/ hwch sū/Sau sū/sow hus sukaras sūs sif świnia svin --/suwo
pork'o- farrow parstian paršas/-- orc farh/Ferkel fearh/farrow porkos purs porcus porosja
ag'- goat ozys ag/agh ajah azak jazno koza
owi- sheep hawi- hoviv avis ōi/ ewig ēowu/ewe ois avika ovis owca ovca --/āuw
agwhno- lamb ūan/uan oen eanian/yean amnos agnus habina yagn' jagnię agnec
kat- cub hathna catulus katel vykot
k'er- horned one karve cornach hiruz/Hirsch heorot/hart hjörtr keraos cervus krava korova

Animal products

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
owye- egg ve-vo oi ubh ŵy /Ei ææg/Cockney egg oion aia->aika avis/ovum jajco
melit honey mjaltë milit meġr mel mil/ mêl milltou/Mehltau mildēaw/mildew melitos mel/mellis/mulsus
medhu- mead medus/ mid/ medd Metu/Met meodu/mead mjǫðr methu madhu mura madu medu miód med mit
alu-d beer alus ealu/ale öl aleupon alumen ol
glag- milk galank gala lac
ksweid- milk sviestas/sviests ksvidyati xšvīd
selp- butter gjalpë salpa- salbon salba/Salbe sealf/salve helpos sarpis carv/ /čarbi s.älyp/s.alype
suro- cheese hirrë suras surr ser syr
smeru- grease smarsas/ smer- smiur/ mer smero/Schmer smerian/smear smyrva smuris medulla /s.mare
moisos hide maisas meiss mesas maesi->mes mex
wlna wool hulana vilna/ gwlan wulla wolla/Wolle wull/wool ull lenos urna varena vellus vluna vulna
k'ern- horn corn haurn horn/Horn horn/horn horn keras crengam s.iN srva cornus serna

Vegetable food

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
g'rə-no- corn syrne žirnis/zirnis grán grawn kaurn korn/Korn corn/corn korn jirnas xarman grānum ziarno zerno
peluos flour pelwo pelūs/pelus palavas palea polova
bhares spelt bara barizīns bærlic/barley barr farina far far brašno brisa
puro- crops puras/ fyrs/furze puros puras pyrej
yewo- wheat ewa- javas/jauja eorna/ zeia yavas yavanha /jav ovin
urughya rye rugis rugys/rudzi roggo/Roggen ryge/rye rugr rož
gherzdh- barley drithë /Gerste kri hordeum
awig'- oats wyse aviža/auza āte/oat aigilops avasam avēna ovës
bhabha bean bathë babo ffâen bona/Bohne bēan/bean baun faba bob
eregwo- pea orbaind/ arawīg/erbse orobos ervum
k'iker pea siser.in kekē/ krios cicer

Other products

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
lino- flax lini linas lin/ llin lein lin/Leinen lin/linen lin linon linum len
sali- salt gjelbson /sāls salann/ halen salt /Salz sealt/salt salt als sāl salu soli sól sol' --/salyiye
g'hel- gold sealtmeno želta/zelts geal (bright) gulþ gold/Gold gold/gold gull hiran.ya zaranya- daraniya-/ helvus zlato złoto zlato glunea
ayes- metal Isarnodori iarn/iarann haearn aiz er/Erz ār/ore eir ayas ayaNh /ahan aes ahesnes

Tools

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
aguesi axe /Axt æx/axe øx adzi ascia
arqu- bow ercis arhuazna arwe/arrow örvar arkeuthos arkas arcus rakita
aik- spear/pike ayculo/aysmis aikloi/iktea/aihun isar ico/icere igla
ke(n)g- hook kenge cheng /Haken hoc/hook haki kogot'
skeb- knife skabus /Schaff skepja scabere skoblit'
skap- tool kep skaplis/kapas skaft/ skopelos/kopos capus skopit/kopat
mat- hack matog matog modela matyam mateola motyka
mak- pouch dantimax makas/maks mēn/ megin mago/Magen maga/maw magi mosina mošna
tark- spindle tarkue torc drahsil/ atraktos tarkus torqueo torok tark
gweri- millstone yerkan/yergan breuan kuerna/ cweorn/quern kvern gravan girna ernov
yeug- yoke jugan luc/ludz jungas/jūgs iou iau juk joh/Joch geoc/yoke ok zugos yugam iu jug /yoġ jugum igo igo yuk-
kwel- wheel/chariot sjell kelan kelis/celis cul/-- hwēol/wheel hjōl kuklos cakram čaxra calx/ čarka/čarx colus koło koleso kukäl/kokale
rot- wheel rrath ratas/rats Rotomagus /rath rhod rad/Rad rodur/ ratha ratho rota
nau- ship anije nav nau/ noe nōwend/-- nōr naus nāuh. navāza nau/ /nav/nāviyā/ navis
bak- staff bacc/bac bach bakton baculum

Dwelling

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
dem- house tun/dun dimstis/ zimbar/Zimmer timber/timber timbr domos damas u dâmoa dam domus dom
treb- dwelling trōba/traba dīthrub/ treb/tref þaúrp dorf/Dorf þorp/thorp ðorp/þorp teremnon trabēs triibum tremnu
rebh- roof ribba/Rippe ribb/rib rif erepho rebro
ghrendh- beam grindis/grida grindil/ grindel/ grind ugr.a grunda grzęda grjada
kantho- corner kantem cant kanthos cantus kąt -kut-
ank- angle hink anka/āķis ēcath/ anghad ango/ angi ogkos ankas anku-pəsəmna ængur ancus ugol
dhwer- door derë dur./tur. durys/durvis doro dorus/doras dôr daur turi/Tür duru/door dyrr thura dvaras du duvar-/dar fores furo/foro drzwi dver' --/twere
g'her- fence gardh gardas/aizgalds gort/ garth garto/Garten geard/yard garðr khortos grahas hortus grad erd' gordum
pent- road hun pintis /ēs findan/finden findan/find finna pontos/patos panthās put fandag/pantā pōns/pontis put'
bherg'h- fort parku- bardzut'iun/partsut'iun Bergusia brī/ bre baírgahī burg/Burg; berg/Berg burg/borough; beorg/barrow borg/bjarg brahant brzant- /baru bereg pärk- bergas

Social terms

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
teutā- tribe tuzzi- tuta toda tauta/ teuto tuath/ þiuda diutisc/Deutsch þeoð/-- tudeh tōtus touta tota teuta
leudh- people liaudis/ļaudis luss/ liut/Leute lēod/-- ljóðr eleutheros rodhati raoda- liber lud liud
weik- village vis viešas/viesis weihs/ wic/ oikos vic vis vicus wieś ves'
reg- ruler rix/recto|rí raihts reht/recht riht/right réttr oregein rajah rex/regere
ner- power njer noras/ neart neuron nar niru nervus nrav
yewes law huisse/ yoh yaozda jus
ala greeting aluoti /Hallo /hello alala alala ole
peku- wealth/cattle pilë pecku pekus faihu fihu/Vieh feoh/fee pekto pasu pasu pak pecus/pecunia
mizdho- fee mizdo /miete misthos midham mizdam mozd mzda
wesno- price ussaniya gin/kin honos vasnam venum veno
k'at- quarrel catu|cathú /Hass hatian/hate hatr catrus/satayati kotora
koro- war karas cuire cath /Heer herebeorg/harbour herr koiranos kara karzar kara
weik'- victory veikti/veikt fichim wigan/-- veig vincere vek
deiw-os god, i.e. 'shining' dievas/dievs deus Día duw Tyz Ziu/-- Tiw/Tuesday Týr theos-Zeus devas di deus divo tios
bal power, strength odbal/ beltión bala bâlim bilis bolee

Verbs

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
bheue- to be buti/ bi'u/ bod im bim/bin bēon/be phu- bhū bu bi/bud fui/futuros byti być byt'
es- to be është/âsht asa ē esti/ ist ist/ist is/is es esti asti asti astiy/ast est sent jesti jest est' s.e/s.ei
g'enə- to give birth gentis/ geno- ro-genar/ geni kuni kind/Kind cyn/kin kind genos/genesis jajana zut zanaite zadan genus zjat' cin zenis
gweiə- to live me jetu gyvoti/dzīvot bitu bethu/bethu byd quec/keck cwic/quick kvikr zoion; bios jivati jīvah/ vivere žiti żyć žit'
bheud- to wake budeti/ buide/ biotan/bieten bēodan/bid bod pepusmai budhyate/budhas bidi buidyeti bidar bljudo budzić budit'
pneu- to breathe fnysa pneuma praneu
kwas- to cough kollje koseti casad /husten hósta kasate kâsa kaszleć kašljat'
smei- to laugh smaidit miad/ smierōn/schmieren smēarcian/smirk meidos smayate co(s)mis smejo śmiać się smejat' smi-
prai- to like prieks rhydd frijja friunt/Freund frēond/friend frændi praos priyas frya prijati przyjaźnić się prijat'
leubh- to love laps liaupse/ liubōn/lieben lufian/love ljúfr lubhyati libido l'ubu lubić lubit'
eibh- to copulate eiba/-- oibu yabhati jebać ebat' oibalos
sneubh- to woo numphios nubere snubiti snubit'
g'eme- to marry amusnanal dzamos jamatar zamatar damad
ed- to eat eidmi utel/udel ist ėsti/ēst esse/ itan ezzan/essen etan/eat eta edō admi/átti ad edō edum jastĭ jeść jest’ /yesti esko-
gwreugh- to bite me gicë xajt'el brwyn kriustan grauzti gryźć gryzt'
poi- to drink pi /ibim pio payate/pitis bibo pić pit'ë
leig'h- to lick lëpij luzel ligim/ lecchōn/lecken liccian/lick sleikja leikhein ledhi liza lis lingere lizać lizat'
sp(y)eu- to spit spiauti/ spiewan spīwan/speien spīwan/spew spýja ptuein spuere pljuju
reug- to vomit vorcam/vordzam riaugti/raugietis rouhhan/rauchen; rouh/Rauch rēocan/reek; rēc/reek reykja; reykr ereugomai /āroġ rūctāre rzygać rygat'
wem- to vomit vemiu/ væma emein vamati vam- vomere
perd- to fart pjerth-pordh per(d)sti ferzan/furzen fēortan/fart freta perdein pardate pierdzieć perdet' perdomai
dhrei- to defecate derkti drita dardainei foria dristat'
meigh- to urinate mizel mizti maihstus māsc/mash miga omeihein mehati maezati mezga --/miśo
dre(m)- to sleep tartam/dardam darthanō/-- drayati dormiō drzemać dremat'
suergh- to be ill sergu serg/ saurga sorgōn/sorgen; sorga/Sorge sorgian/sorrow; sorg/sorrow syrgja; sorg surksati sraga
mer- to die mer.nil mirti marvos marb/ marw maúrþrjan; maurþs mordan/ermorden; mord/Mord myrþrian/murder; morþor/murder myrða; morð emorten marati mr.e miryeite maryn/-- martahyā/mordan morior; mortuus mrutvu umrzeć meret'
magh- to be able magus mugan/mögen; maht/Macht magan/may; meaht/might mega; máttr magus mogti mogę
weid- to see-> to know gitem/kidem witan; weis wizzan/wissen; wīs/weise witan/wit; wīs/wise vita; víss veda vūčhūn vaeda vida/hodeida/peida videre widzieć vedat' wit
g'en- to know njeh kanes canot'/dzanot' žinoti /gnath kunnan kunnan/kennen cnāwan/know kenna gignōmi jñā- zānun adana zon/ xšnasatiy/ cognoscō znati znat' knān-/nān-
werə- to speak ueria vardas waurd wort/Wort word/word orð eiro vrata urvata verbum vrat'
k'leu- to hear slave clu hliuþ hlūt/laut hlūd/loud hljóð kleos/Hēraklēs cravas sravah clarus slovo klyos cleves
nem- to count nuoma/ nem/ niman neman/nehmen niman; nome/numb nema nemō numerus
med- to advise mit/mid meddu æmtig/empty meta medousa masti meditor
gebh- to have gabenti gabi giban geban/geben ġiefan/give gefa habere gobina
aug- to increase augti/augu aukan ouhhon/auch eacan/eke auka auksanō ugras augēre ok-/auk-
dhe- to set, put dai- deti dede gadeths tuon/tun dōn/do dalidun tithenai/ dadhati dadaiti ada/ facere fakust dziac' delat' dak-
do- to give dhashë da da- tal/dal dátweí duoti doenti tabur/tabhair doron dadati dadātuv/dādan dare dida dati dać dat' dadón
lau- to acquire luag/ laun laia/leia lotram lucrum lovit'
mei-n- to change mainas moin/ gamains gimeini/gemein gemæne/mean menis munus menjat'
kwrei- to buy gnel/knel krienis crenim/ prynn priasthai krīn.āti kuryar/käry-
k'lep- to steal goġnal/koġnal auklipts slepti cluain hlifan /klauen klepto clepo
leugh- to tell a lie lugoti liugan liogan/lügen lēogan/lie ljúga lgat'
mei- to deceive mashtrim maju mimos mayate majat'
dhreugh- to deceive troum/Traum drēam/dream daumr; draugr druhyati druzaiti dorugh
gang- to mock canc gaggainein ganjah gugnja
ghleu- to joke glauda glēo/glee gleyma hleun glupyj
(s)tai- to hide tajezzi taid/ tetao stayat tayu- tait'
dhers- to dare dyrsos giturran/-- deorran/dare thrasos dharsanah darš-/ druzate derzkij
wedh- to lead vjeth varel vedu /fedim weddian/wed vadhus vadu vedu
weg'h- to ride vjez wegan/wiegen wegan/weigh vega vahati vazaiti veho/vezti vezti
bher- to bear bie berel/perel baras beirem/berim/brith bairan beran/gebären; burdin/Bürde beran/bear; byrþen/burden bera pherō bharati bor baraiti baratuv/bār; --/bordan fero fertu berati beru pär- ber
stā- to stand stoti sistat standan stantan/stehen standan/stand standa staya ista sto stahu stać stat' eistani
k'lei- to lean linim kletis/slieti cle linên/lehnen hleonian/lean klinē srayati srinu- clino klet'/sloj
sed - to sit sedlon sitan sezzal/; sizzan/sitzen sittan/sit sitja ella sella siedzień sedlo/selo
leg'h- to lie down lega' laigim/lige ligan liggan/liegen licgan/lie liggja lexos; lekhesthai lectus lego leżeć lejat'
ei- to go eiti eimu iddja eode/-- eimi eti ie aeiti ai/bia ire ier idti i-
gwem- to come gal/kal qiman queman/kommen cuman/come gamat âca jamaiti gam venio kum-/käm-
leikw- to leave lkel/lgel liekas leicid/ leihwan līhan/leihen leipo linguo
dra- to flee trel/drel drebeti trappel dromos drati/dramati drapat' drava
k'ers- to run kark/garg carros epikouros/sarsai curro/cursus
pleu- to flow plauti flowen/fließen flēogan/fly pleusis plavate pulmo plavat'
preu- to jump frowen/Freude; frosc/Frosch frocga/frog pravate prygat'
suep- to throw supuoti svapu/vapati supare/dissipare sypat'
leug'- to break lungë lucanel/ludzanel lauzti lucht/ luke lugros rujati uruxti lugere
tere- to cross over shtir tarhzi þairh duruh/durch þurh/through terthron-nektar tarati/avatar târa terminus čerez
sekw- to follow sekti sechim/ secg/-- seggr sacate hacaiti sequor
ap- to reach apanzi ap/ab apto aptah apayeiti apex oppacci
au- to help aviun Awo ewyll avati/avitar- aoman/avah- aukat' aulare
pet- to open arms pattar petys fadam/Faden fæðm/fathom petalon patana patere
dhegwh- to burn djek degti/degt dagis daig/ dags tag/Tag dæġ/day dagr tephra dahati dažaiti žešti żgę dëgot'/žget tsäk/tsäk
tau- to melt tanam/danam tawdd tam/ tawadd douwen/tauen þawian/thaw þeyja tēkō toyam thayun tabere tajati tayat'
steg- to cover stiegti tech/ þakjan; þak decchann/decken; dah/Dach þeċċean/thatch; þæc/thatch þekja; þak stegō sthagati tegere/toga/tectum stog
areg- to lock hark argel/arkel arkan arka argella argala arcere --/ārk-
gerbh- to scratch gërvish kerel/gerel girbin kerban/kerben ċeorfan/carve grapho/grammo; graphein žrebij
orbho- work arpa- orb/orp orbe orbe/ arabeit/Arbeit earfoð/-- orphanos arbha orbus rabu robota rabota
se- to sow semens/seti saithe saian sāen/säen sāwan/sow sa semen/serere sejati seyat'/semja
are- to plow araur arti airim arddu arjan erian/-- arþr arou aro orja orać orat' are
bhel- to bloom blath/ bloma bluomo/Blume blōma/bloom; blōstm/blossom blómi phyllon folium; flōs/flōris pält/pilta
kerp- to pluck sirpis herbist/Herbst hærfest/harvest haust karpos/arpagē carpere/sarpio serp
neik- to winnow niekoti nithio neiklon
mele- to grind miell malla- malem malu melim melim/meilim malu malan malan/mahlen melo/meal mala mulos molere kumaltu melju malyw-/mely-
gwhen- to press gjanj kwen gan/kan ginti/dzit gonim/ gundfano/-- gūþ/-- gunnr theino/phonos hanti jainti ajanam/ dēfendō gnat'
deme- to tame damaazzi damnaim/ tamjan; tams zamōn/zähmen; zam/zahm temian/tame; tam/tame temja; tamr damnanai damyati dam domare
pas- to protect pahhsi fodjan; fodeins fuotan/--; fuotar/Futter fēdan/feed; fōda/food; fōdor/fodder fǫða; fóðr apastos pacyati pastum pasti pask
sne- to spin snate snáthe/snáth neþla nādala/Nadel nædl/needle neo/nema snayati nere snovat'/osnova
teks- to weave tukstet duhen/-- tikos textile tkat'
syu- to sew siūti/šūt siujan siuwan/-- seowian/sew syja humēn syutas suere szyć šit'
rezg- to plait rezgis rysce/rush rajju restis rozga
eu- to dress aganum/akanum auti/aviu aotra exuo/induo obuv'
neigw- to rinse nigid/ nix nikr nidzo nenekti noegeum
loua- to wash lauzi loganam/lokanam lautro loathar/ louga/Lauge lēag/lye; lēðran/lather; laug louein lavare
dheig'h- to mold tais teig/Teig dāg/dough teichos dehah fingere testo
pekw- to cook pjek poeth pepsis pacati puk pech päk-
kuep- to boil kapitem kupuoti hvap kapnos kupyati cupere kipet' kāp-
ked- to fume kadegis kedros kadrum kadit'
ongw- to anoint aucanem/audzanem amenen ancho anakti unguo
wegwh- to vow yuzem eihomai vaghat vaganti vovere
prek'- to ask prasyti fraihnan fragōn/fragen; frāga/Frage friġnan/--; fræġn/-- fregna pracnas frasa pursīdan precor prositi prosit' prak/pärk
gwer- to praise grish girtwei girti/dzirt bard/bárd bardd gr.nāti grātēs žrec krant-/krent-
ghwen- to sound zeh jain/čain zvenet'
swonos- sound swan/Schwan swan/swan svanr svanas sonus dźwięk
k'wei- to whistle svyksti hvinan/whistle hvina svist
kan- to sing canim/ canu hana hano/Hahn; henna/Henne henn/hen kanaso cano kanyuk kan
leig- to dance laigyti loig/ laiks leich/ lāc/-- leikr ligaino rejati lizim (Kurdish) likovat'
wes- to feast uesi gwest wist/ vastoh vastra vescor
serpe- to creep gjarpër herpō sr.p so.rūph serpō
gwhen- to strike, to kill banja bana/-- bana/bane bani han /zahr dēfendere
webh- to weave weban/weben wefan/weave vefa huphē ubhnati baftan/
wekw- to speak wackis /erwähnen ops vacas vac- vōx vak/vek
wē- to blow huwantis vejas/ feth/ gwynt waian wint/Wind; wetar/Wetter; waian/wehen wind/wind; weder/weather; wāwan/-- vindr; veðr aemi vā- vata ventus vejati
wet- to blow, inspire Wōden/Wednesday Ōðinn Wuotan/Wotan/atmos fáith/ vennus
tong- to think thangë þangkjan denken/denken þencan/think þekkja tongēo tanginúd tunk/tankw
srobh- to gulp gjerbë arbi/arpi srub rhopeō sorbēo
bhlē- to bleat blegë /blēt blætan/bleat belazō fleō blejat'
saus- to dry tha sausā sausa/saus sōrēn/-- sēar/sear hauos/ śus.yati haoš uška/xošk sūdus suxoj

Adjectives

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
meg'- great madh mekkish mec/medz maige mikils mihhill/-- micil/much mikill megas mahas mazant magnus māk/mākā mag meka-
mei- small meiu- mins /minder minsian/-- minnr meiōn minor men'še
wesu- good wasu vesels uesu vasu vanhu vesëlyj yasi ves vasu
dus- bad tuz- zur-/-- dys- dus- duš-/
kailo- sane coilou/coel hailags heilag/heilig hālig/holy heilagr koilu salvis tselyĭ
kal- handsome hælþ/health kallos kalya
k'wen- holy sventas hunsl spanyah święty svatoj
upo-s high uxello /uas uchel hypsi uxellus vysokij
dheub- deep dubos dubno- diups tiof/tief deop/deep; dyfan/dive diupr buthos duplo dubris
sen- old hin senas sen hen sineigs sina enos sana hana senex
newo- new newa nor nauns naujas/ Nevio- nue/ newydd niujis niuwi/neu nīwe/new nýr neos navas nōv nuĩ nava nog/ /now novus Nuvellum novu nowy novyj ñu/ñuwe
nu- now tani nu teinu nu/nu nu nū/nun nū/now nu/ nūra/ nunc nu num./nano
yeu- young jaunas/jauns Jovinc- óac/óg ieuanc/ieuanc juggs jung/jung ġeong/young ungr yunas yavan javan juvenis iuengar junu junyj
weg'- lively wakan wahhen/wachen wacan/wake vaka vajayati vazram vegeo wasir
las- eager loksnus lustus lust/Lust lust/lust lyst lilaiomai lasati lascivus laska
gal- naked gale/galva kalo/kahl calu/callow kaurva kal/kacal calvus glava goły; głowa golyj; golova
nogw- naked nekumant- nuogas nocht/ naqaþs nackut/nackt nacod/naked nakinn gumnos nagna nudus nagu- nagi nagoj
bhosos barefoot bok/pog basas/bass bar/bar bær/bare berr psilos boso bosoj
aig- sick ingas/angus eikenn aeger jaga aikare
kaiko- one-eyed keikti cuic haihs kaikias kekara caecus
ster- sterile shtjerre sterj/sderč stero/ steira sterilis
dek's- right djathtë desine dexs de zeso/ dasina dexter destrame desnaya
layuo- left islaivoti lyft/left laios laevus lewy levyj levo
sewio- left aswy savyas haoya shuja --/saiwai
dheb- fat debīkan debelyj tpär/täpr
pasto- solid hast/hasd fastan festi/fest fæst/fast fastr pastyam
bheng'h thick panku pinguis bungo/ naxos bahu bazah pkante
tenu- thin teneu dunni/dünn þynne/thin þunnr tanus tanus tenuis/tevas cienki tonkij
dlonghos- long gjatë dalugaes ilgas dala/loggos laggs lang/lang lang/long langr dolikhos dirghas dargam darga-/dirang longus długi dolgij
mreg'hu- short mergi/-- mirige/merry brahea muruzu- brevis
ang'h- narrow anjuk/ančug eang aggwus engi/eng ongr agho ahema azanhe vjazat'
gwerə- heavy gursti cweorn/quern kvern baros guruh gouruh gran gravis krāmärts/krāmär
lengwh- lightweight lehtë lāngiseilingins lengva/liegs lugu/lugha llai līhts līht/leicht lēoht/light lēttr elakhistos laghu ragu levis liguku lëgkij lankŭtse
ok'us quick dioc okos āśu- āsu ōcior jastreb
bheres- lively bruzgus brys festino borzoj
toros loud tar- pardzradzajn/barcracajn tariu taran /torann toros taras taratorit'
kwei- quiet hveila hwila/Weile hwil/while hvila ciram syata- šiyatish/ quies/tranquillus pokoji pokoy
k'leu- clean šluoti/slaumi Cluad clir hlūttar/lauter hlūttor/ kludōn sareh cloāca sleza
swād- sweet suadu swuozi/süss swēte/sweet sœtr hēdus xvaēda xosh suavis słodki
kuath- sour cos kusuls hatho kvathas caseus kwaśny kvas
om- bitter hum amuols /ahm ampre/ omos amlam amarus
ak'r- sharp asrus/akstis ahs akros asrih acer ostr/ost'
gel- cold saltas klads kalt/kalt ċeald/cold kaldr gelandron sald sard gelus gelan hlad chłód xolodnyj
ghwer- warm zjarr war- jerm/čerm goro garas/gars fogeir/ warm/warm wearm/warm; bearnan/burn brenna thermos ghr.n.a-;gharmi germi garəma garma/garm furnus; formus; fornāx varu; variti požar germe germas
g'heu-d liquid gijoy/kičoy giutan giozan/gießen ġēotan/--; guttas/gut gjóta hota/deisa hutas/juhoti židkij
melk- wet->milk malkas melg/ miluks miluh/Milch meolc/milk mjolk melkion marjati mulceo mleko moloko malk-/mälk
plāk- flat /flach /fluke plas/pelagos plancus płaski ploskij

Colours

[edit]
Albanian Anatolian Armenian Baltic Celtic Germanic Hellenic Indo-Iranian Italic Slavic Tocharian Other
Root Meaning Albanian Hittite Lycian Armenian Old Prussian Lithuanian/Latvian Gaulish Irish Welsh Gothic German English Old Norse Greek Sanskrit Kashmiri (Dardic) Kamviri (Nuristani) Avestan Ossetian Persian Latin Oscan Umbrian Old Church Slavonic Polish Russian Tocharian Dacian Old Macedonian Illyrian Phrygian Thracian
reudh- red raudonas/ruds roudo- ruad/ rhudd rauþs rōt/rot rēad/red rjōðr eruthros rudhiras raoðita vard ruber Rufriis rufru rdet' rtär/ratre
albho- white alpas alb- elfydd Alpen ælf/elf alfr alphos albus alfu lebed'
bhel- light, bright ballë bal/pal ballo baltas/balts Bellenos beltene/bealtaine bal bleich/bleich blæcan/bleach; blæc/black bāl bala/phalos bhālam flagrare biały bely/belyj balta falos balios
arg'- white, shine harki- arcath arganto arget/airgead ariant eorcnan/-- erchan/--/argos arjuna arazata roxan/roshan arguō aragetud ārki/arkwi arg arzas
g'hel- green dhelpër žalias/zaļš gel/gealach glan gelo/gelb geolu/yellow gulr khlōros helvus zielony zelënyj zelkia
k'as-n gray->hare sasins ceinach haso/Hase hara/hare heri kasas cānus sosna
k'erbero- piebald kirba corbaim/ kerberos sarvarah/cabalas gur sobol'
tem- dark terr tamsa temel/ demar/ tamas tamah tenebrai ciemny temen'

The following unrecognized language codes were encountered:

Code Occurances
Af 1
Blg 1
Gl 1
NI 3
OI 1
OR 2
OS 2
Pe 1
Sc 1
Sg 1
Sk 2
Sl 1
Thr 1