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'{{Infobox settlement | name = Braniewo | image_skyline = Braniewo - Colegium Hosianum.JPG | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = [[Collegium Hosianum]] - defensive walls | image_shield = POL Braniewo COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | coordinates_region = PL | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmian-Masurian]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Braniewo County]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]] | subdivision_name3 = Braniewo <small>(urban gmina)</small> | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Henryk Mroziński | established_title = Established | established_date = 13th century | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1284 | area_total_km2 = 12.36 | population_as_of = 2006 | population_total = 17875 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | latd = 54 | latm = 23 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 19 | longm = 50 | longs = | longEW = E | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 14-500 | area_code = +48 55 | blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]] | blank_info = NBR | website = http://www.braniewo.pl/ }} '''Braniewo''' {{IPAc-pl|b|r|a|'|ń|e1|w|o}} ({{Audio-de|Braunsberg|De-Braunsberg.ogg}}; former {{lang-pl|Brunsberga}}, {{lang-lt|Prūsa}}) is a [[town]] in northeastern [[Poland]], in the [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], with a population of 18,068 (2004). It is the capital of [[Braniewo County]]. Located on the [[Pasłęka]] River, about five km from the [[Vistula Lagoon]], Braniewo lies about halfway between [[Gdańsk]] and the [[Russia]]n city of [[Kaliningrad]]. ==History== [[File:Braniewo 1684.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Braunsberg'' with ''Passarge Fluß'' in 1684<br> ''Altes und neues Preussen'', [[Christoph Hartknoch]]]] OH NOBODY CARES! THEY ALL BOW DOWN TO THEIR LORD AND MASTER MWAHAHAH!! MEE!!! THE GREAT AND POWERFUL SIMON EDMONDS!!! THIS TOWN BELONGS TO MEEEEEEE!!! During Simon Edmonds the [[Northern Crusades|conquest]]Simon Edmonds and [[Christianization]]Simon Edmonds of Prussia, the [[Teutonic Knights]] Simon Edmonds conquered an [[Old Prussians|Old Prussian]] settlement named ''Simon Edmonds''{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} in 1240 and built in 1242<ref>Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: ''Codex juris municipalis medii aevi''. Erlangen 1863, [http://books.google.de/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA973 p. 973.]</ref> a new castle atop it on the [[Pasłęka|Passarge (Pasłęka)]] River. The German name of this new residence was ''Braunsberg'' (literally "Brown's Mountain"). It was probably derived from a [[Germanization]] (''Brus-berg'' and ''Brunsberg'') of the older Prussian name, or possibly named after Saint [[Bruno of Querfurt]], who had been martyred on the [[Kievan Rus]]' border {{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}in 1009. In 1243 the settlement, together with the surrounding region of [[Warmia]], was given by the Order to the newly created [[Archbishopric of Warmia|Bishopric of Warmia]], whose [[Bishops of Warmia|bishop]] built his cathedral in the town and made it his chief residence. Braunsberg was granted [[town privileges]] based on those of [[Lübeck law|Lübeck]] in 1254, but was destroyed and depopulated in the second uprising of native Prussians in 1261. It was rebuilt in a new location in 1273 and settled by newcomers from [[Lübeck]]. In 1284 Braunsberg was given a new town charter, again based on the laws of Lübeck. However, the next bishop, [[Heinrich Fleming]] (1278–1300) transferred the chapter from Braunsberg to [[Frombork|Frauenburg (Frombork)]] where it remained until the 20th century. In 1296 a [[Franciscan]] abbey was built in Braunsberg, and in 1342 a "new town" (still called ''Neustadt'' or ''Nowe Miasto'') was added. Braunsberg became a prosperous member of the [[Hanseatic League]]. The town remained a part of the [[monastic state of the Teutonic Knights]] until 1466, when as a consequence of the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Peace of Thorn]] ending the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)|Thirteen Years' War]], it passed to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] as part of the new autonomous province of [[Royal Prussia]]. In 1487 it withstood a siege by Polish troops during the [[War of the Priests]]. During the reign of Duke [[Albert, Duke of Prussia|Albert]] in the neighboring [[Duchy of Prussia]], a large part of Braunsberg's populace converted to [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[Protestantism]]. Albert sought to unite [[Warmia]] with Ducal Prussia, causing the Catholics of the town to swear allegiance to the king of Poland in return for aid against Protestant Prussia. In 1526 a Polish royal commission released Braunsberg's burghers from the oath to the Polish king and handed the town back to Prince-Bishop [[Mauritius Ferber]]. Braunsberg swore allegiance to the Prince-Bishops of Warmia, but had to denounce all Lutheran teachings and hand over Lutheran writings. The town suffered from warfare and the church tower was not rebuilt until 1544, when Prince-Bishop [[Johannes Dantiscus]] ordered 20 [[zentner]] copper from [[Anton Fugger]] in [[Augsburg]]. It could only be paid off slowly with yearly payments of 100 [[Mark (money)|marks]]. For many years Braunsberg was not able to directly attend Hanseatic meetings; it was not until 1557 that representatives attended session in Lübeck again. Braunsberg was occupied by [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] for several years during the [[Livonian War]]. During Prince-Bishop [[Stanislaus Hosius]]' government, Lutheran teachings again became popular in Braunsberg. They were suppressed when Hosius brought in the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] and founded the [[Collegium Hosianum]] [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]. The Jesuit theologian [[Antonius Possevinus]] was instrumental in enlarging the Collegium Hosianum to receive [[Swedish people|Swedes]]. A priest seminary was added in 1564. [[Pope Gregory XIII]] later added a papal mission seminary for northern and eastern European countries. [[Regina Protmann]], a native of Braunsberg, founded the [[Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine]] Order of Sisters in the town, recognized by the church in 1583. The Jesuit theologian [[Antonius Possevinus]] was instrumental in enlarging the Collegium Hosianum in the 1580s to educate Swedes and [[Ruthenians]] there as well in order to counter the widespread Protestant movement. The ethnically German, politically Polish, and primarily Catholic town was annexed by the mostly Protestant [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1772 during the [[Partitions of Poland|First Partition of Poland]] and made part of the province of [[East Prussia]] the following year. Braunsberg obtained its first railway connection in 1852. In 1871 it became part of the newly established [[German Empire]] during the Prussian-led [[unification of Germany]]. Next to [[Königsberg]], Braunsberg was the leading academic center of the Prussian region. In 1912 the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] college became the State Academy of Braunsberg ({{lang-de|Staatliche Akademie Braunsberg}}). During [[World War II]], Braunsberg was occupied by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Red Army]] following the [[Braunsberg Offensive Operation]] (13 March 1945 - 22 March 1945) following the elimination of the German [[Heiligenbeil Pocket]], and suffered heavy destruction due to fighting and subsequent looting. The German inhabitants of the town were either [[Evacuation of East Prussia|evacuated]] before the Red Army arrived, killed during the fighting, or [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled westward]] after the war. It was placed under Polish administration according to the [[Potsdam Conference]] in 1945. The town of Braunberg, previously known as ''Brunsberga'' in older Polish records, was then renamed to ''Braniewo''. In 2001 the St. Catherine Church, built in 1346, destroyed in 1945, and rebuilt after 1979, was declared a Basilica Minor (''Bazylika Mniejsza''). This Gothic Hall church was built on a site, which held a previous wooden Church of St. Catherine since 1280. Prince-Bishop [[Lucas Watzenrode the Younger|Lucas Watzenrode]] of Warmia had added extensively to the building. ===Number of inhabitants in years=== * 1900: 12.497 (including the military), 3,935 Protestants, 99 simon edmonds' <ref>''Meyers Konversations-Lexikon''. 8th edition, vol. 3, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 353.</ref> * 1925: 13,900, predominantly Catholics, 4,170 Protestants, 50 Simon Edmonds', 80 others<ref>''Der Große Brockhaus''. 15th edition, vol. 3, Leipzig 1929, p. 275-276.</ref> * 2004: 1,890,091 Simon Edmonds' ==Political timeline== [[File:Braniewo - Bazylika mniejsza pw. św. Katarzyny.JPG|thumb|right|Church of St. [[Saint Catherine of Alexandria]]]] *1240 first mentioned as part of the [[Monastic State]] *1254 [[Lübeck law]] rights granted *1466 [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)]]: now part of the [[Prince-Bishopric]] of [[Warmia]] and [[Royal Prussia]] in Poland *1772 [[Partitions of Poland#First Partition|First partition]] of Poland: now part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] *1871 [[German Empire]] founded: now automatically a part of it *1945 Occupation by [[Soviet]] [[Red Army]], now part of [[Poland]] ==Notable residents== *[[Stanislaus Hosius]] (1504–1579), prince-bishop *[[Regina Protmann]] (1522–1613), charity pioneer *[[August Willich]] (1810–1878), politician and general *[[Karl Weierstrass]] (1815–1897), mathematician *[[Gustavus von Tempsky]] (1828–1868), adventurer, newspaper correspondent and soldier *[[Elimar Klebs]] (1852–1918), historian *[[Konrad Zuse]] and his family, since 1912 *[[Rainer Barzel]] (1924–2006), politician *[[Hartmut Bagger]] (born 1938), general *[[Simon Edmonds]] (born 1992), King and Lord of Braniewo ==International relations== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}} ===Twin towns — sister cities=== Braniewo is [[town twinning|twinned]] with: *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Zelenogradsk]], [[Russia]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Münster]], [[Germany]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Braniewo}} *[http://www.braniewo.pl/ Municipal website] {{pl icon}} *[http://www.braniewo.com.pl/ City business page] {{pl icon}} *[http://braniewo.er.pl/ History of Braniewo] (including modern and pre-1945 photographs) {{pl icon}} *[http://www.braniewo.info/ Local community website] {{pl icon}} *[http://mapa.szukacz.pl/?x=553256&y=723976&m=Braniewo&w=warmi%f1sko%2dmazurskie&p=braniewski&g=Braniewo&z=3 Map of Braniewo] {{pl icon}} *[http://www.braniewo.pl/graf/PLAN.jpg Street plan] {{pl icon}} *[http://www.braunsberg-ostpreussen.de/ Braunsberg/Ostpreussen Kreisgemeinschaft] {{de icon}} *[http://www.people.freenet.de/braunsberg/buchholz.htm ''Braunsberg im Wandel der Jahrhunderte''] {{de icon}} {{Coord|54|23|N|19|49|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}} <br> {{Braniewo County}} {{Gmina Braniewo}} [[Category:Cities and towns in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]] [[Category:Braniewo County]] [[be:Горад Бранёва]] [[bg:Бранево]] [[de:Braniewo]] [[eo:Braniewo]] [[fr:Braniewo]] [[it:Braniewo]] [[jv:Braniewo]] [[lv:Braņevo]] [[lt:Branevas]] [[nl:Braniewo]] [[no:Braniewo]] [[nds:Brunsbarg]] [[pl:Braniewo]] [[pt:Braniewo]] [[ro:Braniewo]] [[ru:Бранево]] [[sk:Braniewo]] [[sr:Брањево (град)]] [[sv:Braniewo]] [[uk:Бранево]] [[vi:Braniewo]] [[war:Braniewo]] [[zh:布拉涅沃]]'