Ang Chan II
| Noreay Reachea II នរាយណ៍រាជាទី២ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| King of Cambodia | |||||
| Reign | 1802 – 1834 | ||||
| Coronation | 1802 | ||||
| Predecessor | Reamea Thipadei III | ||||
| Successor | Srei Soriyoapor II | ||||
| Born | 1778, Oudong | ||||
| Died | 1834 Oudong | ||||
| Issue | Ang Snguon III Ang Pen Ang Pov Ang Mey | ||||
| |||||
| House | List of monarchs of Cambodia | ||||
| Father | Ang Eng | ||||
| Religion | Buddhism Theravada Hinduism | ||||
Noreay Reachea II or Ang Chan II (Khmer: នរាយណ៍រាជាទី២), ឬ (Khmer: អង្គចន្ទទី២) was the Cambodian king ruled from 1802 to 1834. After the official coronation ceremony in Oudong in 2346 BE, 1802 AD, Maha Sakarach 1725, His full name was called "Preah Bath Samdach Preah Reach Angkar Preah Noreay Reachea Thireach Reamea Thipadei" He was the son of Reamea Thipadei Ang Eng. During his reign, he changed his policy against the Siam authorities to the end of the reign.[1]
Siam invaded Cambodia, 1811 AD[edit]
After King Ang Chan II ascended the throne in Cambodia, he did not submit Cambodia to the Siamese kingdom, so King Rama II sent 100,000 Siamese troops to invade Cambodia in the year 1811 AD. Noreay Reachea Ang Chan mobilized 70,000 troops ready to resist the Siamese army, the Siamese army erupted and attacked the capital of Oudong city for a whole month. Concerned about the king's safety, officials asked the king to flee to Saigon city of Annam. In the opinion of the Siamese king, if the Khmer dynasty had to eliminate all, Siam would be swallow the whole country of Cambodia, if Siam had not completely destroyed the Khmer dynasty, Siam would continue to support any Khmer dynasty for its own benefit. However, the Siamese army could not attempt to capture the capital of Oudong because the area was full of dense forest, making it easy to embed troops. During the Siamese invasion of Oudong city, the Burmese invaded Siam, so the Siamese decided to withdraw their troops, and King Ang Chan returned from Annam, come back to Cambodia in 1813 AD.[2]
Cambodian-Siamese War 1813[edit]
In 1813, the Siam King sent 70,000 troops to attack the capital city of Oudong again. Cambodia King immediately mobilized only 33,000 troops, The war broke out, and the frightened officials asked the king to flee, so Ang Chan fled to Long Hor province (Vinh Long), a former Cambodian territory. The Siamese army attacking the capital of Oudong was not easy. Cambodian military officials list traps embedded in all directions, war lasts for 3 months, Alliance talks between Cambodia and Annam signed, Annam King Gia Long sent 13,000 Annamite auxiliary troops to help Cambodia. Siamese troops died and were more wounded, still unable to break the Cambodian-Annamite army, The Siamese decided to withdraw their troops.[3] [4]
Vĩnh Tế Canal 1816[edit]
After Cambodia formed an alliance with Annam and Annam sent troops to help fight the Siamese out of Cambodia, King Gia Long intended to dig a canal from Moat Chrouk (Chau Duc) Province to Peam (Ha Tien) Province with a length of 53 km. It is 33 meters wide and 2 meters deep. In order for the people in the adjacent area to bring water to drain into the rice fields because the drought has caused the people to suffer too much, The Cambodia king agreed to the request, with officials organizing 5,000 prisoners convicted of murder, rape and robbery who had been enslaved to help dig ditches with Annam, while Annam had 6,000 workers. The digging of the canal began in 1816 and was started in 1820 by the Annamite canal call the Vĩnh Tế Canal.[5]
Siam occupies Stung Treng 1816[edit]
In 1816, the Siamese raised 14,000 troops, 180 war elephants, 300 war horses, led by General Ponhea Lom Rach, from the Laos border into Stung Treng province, which was guarded by only 6,000 Cambodian troops. Cambodia has a small army can not defend the Siamese occupied Stung Treng province, about 1,000 houses were burned by the Siamese army. The Siamese were able to raise troops through the gates of the Laos kingdom because the Siamese raised troops to occupy the whole of Laos in 1778 AD. Siam occupied Cambodian provinces in succession, King Ang Chan was very concerned, sent copper 6,582 Kg (6,5 tons) in exchange for Annam, recovered 5,000 rifles and 600 artillery units. Take to the main military bases such as: Fortress in Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Thom and Phnom Penh.[6]
Siam occupies Tonle Rorpov and Mulu Prey 1823[edit]
- Tonle Rorpov province, Halft of North part Preah Vihear to Champasak of Cambodia. (Champasak lose to Laos 1864)
- Mulu Prey Province now Preah Vihear province.
In 1823, 40,000 Siamese troops led by Ponhea Bien raised troops from Siem Reap to invade Cambodia, capturing Mulu Prey (now Preah Vihear), where the Cambodian side had troops stationed in Mulu Prey only 20,000 troops, After the Siamese conquered Mulu Prey province, the Siamese army continued to occupy Cambodia, namely Tonle Pov province, which is an upper part of Preah Vihear province, to connect with Champasak province (Champasak province of Cambodia was officially ceded to Laos by the French in Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1864). Ang Chan, he stayed in Long Hor province (Vinh Long), was very angry and asked for help from Annam, including the Cambodian army, to retake Stung Treng in 1823 AD.[7]
Death of Noreay Reachea II[edit]
After the situation in Cambodia eased from the Siamese invasion, an event took place: the Laotian rebellion recaptured Vientiane from Siam in 1828 AD. King Noreay Reachea Ang Chan returned to Cambodia from Long Hor province (Vinh Long) in 1831 AD, after which he fell seriously ill and died in 1834 AD. He did not have a son to succeed him, only a daughter, so the officials decided to raise his daughter Ang Mey to be the King, Ang Mey took the royal name for the Queen, "Preah Bath Samdach Preah Reach Angkar Preah Srei Soriyoapor Maha Reachni".[8]
References[edit]
- ^ D. J. M. Tate (1971) The Making of Modern South-East Asia: The European conquest, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Original from the University of Michigan p.25
- ^ Jacob Tomlin (2001) Early Missionaries in Bangkok: The Journals of Tomlin, Gutzlaff and Abeel, 1828-1832, Publisher: White Lotus Press, Original from the University of Michigan p.170 ISBN: 9747534835, 9789747534832
- ^ Manomohan Ghosh (1968) A History of Cambodia: From the Earliest Times to the End of the French Protectorate, Publisher: Calcutta Oriental Book Agency, Original from the University of Michigan p.304
- ^ A. Dirk Moses (2008) Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Publisher: Berghahn Books p.491 ISBN: 1845454529, 9781845454524
- ^ David P. Chandler (1998) Facing the Cambodian Past: Selected Essays, 1971-1994, Publisher: Silkworm Books, Original from the University of Michigan p.331 ISBN: 9747100649, 9789747100648
- ^ Bertie Reginald Pearn (1963) An Introduction to the History of South-east Asia, Publisher: Longmans of Malaysia, Original from the University of Michigan p.222
- ^ Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) (1872) Journal asiatique, Publisher: Société asiatique. Original from the University of Michigan p.113
- ^ Société Asiatique (1872) Journal asiatique ou recueil de mémoires d'extraits et de notices relatifs à l'histoire, à la philosophie, aux sciences, à la littérature et aux langues des peuples orientaux · Volume 20, Publisher: Soc. Original from:the Bavarian State Library
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