V & SAR The Overland carriages: Difference between revisions
→Dispersal 1995: “it was reconditioned and renumbered PCJ493, and it operated with PCJ491 and 492 (ex PCO 1 and 3) on the Albury V/Line rail service” Changed Sentence to past tense. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Short description|Class of steel passenger cars used in Australia}} |
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{{About|all-steel passenger cars built for [[The Overland]]|the wooden-bodied cars built from 1907 to 1923|Victorian Railways E type carriage}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2016}} |
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2016}} |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:V & SAR ''The Overland'' carriages}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} |
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The first '''carriages''' built specifically for '''''[[The Overland]]''''' train service operated by the '''Victorian and South Australian Railways''' (V & SAR) were introduced in 1949. By the end of 1951, eight new sleeping cars and six new sitting cars had entered service. Additions to the fleet continued until 1972; in all, 44 carriages were built. About eight were still in service in March 2020 on ''The Overland'' operated by [[Journey Beyond]]. Other carriages have been transferred to different services or sold. |
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{{Infobox Train |
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| background = |
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| name = Victorian & South Australian Railways ''The Overland'' carriages |
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| image = The_Overland.jpg |
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| imagesize = |
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| caption = |
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| interiorimage = |
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| interiorcaption = |
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| manufacturer = [[South Australian Railways]] |
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| factory = [[Islington Railway Workshops]] |
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| family = |
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| refurbishment = |
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| replaced = |
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| formation = |
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| fleetnumbers = |
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| operator = {{bulleted list|Jointly, [[South Australian Railways]] (became [[Australian National Railways]]) and [[Victorian Railways]]|[[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Rail]] (became [[Hornblower Group]] trading as [[Journey Beyond]])|Various [[Heritage railway|heritage operators]]}} |
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| capacity = |
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| depots = |
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| lines = |
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| yearconstruction = 1949–1972 |
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| service = 1949–present |
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| yearscrapped = |
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| numberconstruction = |
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| numberbuilt = |
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| numberservice = |
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| numberscrapped = |
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| carbody = {{convert|75|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} |
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| carlength = {{convert|78|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |
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| width = {{convert|9|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |
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| height = {{convert|13|ft|6.0625|in|m|2|abbr=on}} |
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| floorheight = |
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| platformheight = |
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| entrylevelorstep = |
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| art-sections = |
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| doors = Manual swing "stable", 2 per side |
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| maxspeed = {{convert|115|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} |
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| aux = |
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| powersupply = Axle generators, later head-end power 415vAC |
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| bogies = {{convert|53|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} centres |
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| brakes = Westinghouse |
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| coupling = Autocouplers |
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| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on}} & {{Track gauge|4ft8.5in|lk=on}} |
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}} |
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==Design== |
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{{Infobox train |
{{Infobox train |
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| background = |
| background = |
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| name = |
| name = Sitting cars (AJ, BJ, RBJ & CCL) |
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| image = |
| image = |
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| imagesize = |
| imagesize = |
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| interiorcaption = |
| interiorcaption = |
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| service = |
| service = |
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| manufacturer = |
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| factory = |
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| family = |
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| refurbishment = |
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| replaced = |
| replaced = |
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| yearconstruction = 1949–1970 |
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| yearservice = |
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| refurbishment = |
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| yearscrapped = |
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| numberconstruction= |
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| numberbuilt = 16 |
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| numberservice = |
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| numberpreserved = |
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| numberscrapped = |
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| formation = |
| formation = |
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| fleetnumbers = |
| fleetnumbers = 1-3AJ, 1-10BJ, 1-3RBJ, Club Car No.1-3, 1-3CCL |
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| capacity = 48 1st class passengers (AJ)<br />64 2nd class passengers (BJ)<br />34 2nd class passengers (RBJ)<br />43 1st class passengers (Club Car/CCL) |
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| operator = [[Heritage railway|various heritage operators]] |
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| operator = |
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| depots = |
| depots = |
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| lines = |
| lines = |
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| |
| floorheight = |
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| platformheight = |
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| entrylevelorstep = |
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| doors = |
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| art-sections = |
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| weight = {{convert|48.35|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (AJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.63">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.63</ref><br />{{convert|45.7|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (BJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.99">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.99</ref><br />{{convert|45.1|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (RBJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.223">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.223</ref><br />{{convert|42.25|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (CCL/Club Car)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.151">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.151</ref> |
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}}{{Infobox train |
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| background = |
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| name = Sleeping Cars (Named, later SJ, JRA, JRB, JTA, JTB, BMC, RZEY, QCAY, CDAY, ADFY) |
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| image = File:V & SAR Overland Sleeper Car Tantini at Newport Workshops in 2024.jpg |
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| imagesize = 300px |
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| imagealt = |
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| caption = Tantini (aka SJ 282) as preserved by [[Steamrail Victoria]] |
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| interiorimage = |
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| interiorimagealt = |
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| interiorcaption = |
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| service = |
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| replaced = |
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| yearconstruction = 1949–1972 |
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| yearservice = |
| yearservice = |
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| refurbishment = |
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| yearscrapped = |
| yearscrapped = |
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| numberconstruction= |
| numberconstruction= |
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| numberbuilt = |
| numberbuilt = 22 |
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| numberservice = |
| numberservice = |
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| numberpreserved = 4 |
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| numberscrapped = |
| numberscrapped = |
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| |
| formation = |
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| fleetnumbers = Allambi, Chalaki, Dorai, Juki, Kuldalai, Malkari, Mokai, Mururi, Nanjuri, Nomuldi, Paiti, Purpawi, Tantini, Tarkinji, Tawarri, Weroni, Yankai, Yanni, Sleeping cars No.11-14, SJ281-284, JRA 1–6, JRB 1 & 2, JTA 1–6, JTB 1–4, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Forrest, |
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| carlength = |
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| capacity = 20 sleeping passengers, either Roomette or Twinette style. Twinette cars could seat 30 passengers in 'day mode'. |
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| width = |
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| operator = |
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| depots = |
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| lines = |
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| floorheight = |
| floorheight = |
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| platformheight = |
| platformheight = |
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| entrylevelorstep = |
| entrylevelorstep = |
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| doors = |
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| art-sections = |
| art-sections = |
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| weight = {{convert|52|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} <ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.243-244, 246-251">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.243-244, 246–251</ref> |
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}}{{Infobox train |
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| background = |
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| name = Brake van, power van |
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| image = |
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| imagesize = |
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| imagealt = |
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| caption = |
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| interiorimage = |
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| interiorimagealt = |
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| interiorcaption = |
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| service = |
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| replaced = |
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| yearconstruction = 1970–1972 |
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| yearservice = |
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| refurbishment = |
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| yearscrapped = |
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| numberconstruction= |
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| numberbuilt = 6 |
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| numberservice = 4 |
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| numberpreserved = |
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| numberscrapped = |
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| formation = |
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| fleetnumbers = 1-2CO, 1-4PCO, PCJ491-493 |
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| capacity = |
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| operator = |
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| depots = |
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| lines = |
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| floorheight = |
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| platformheight = |
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| entrylevelorstep = |
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| doors = |
| doors = |
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| |
| art-sections = |
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| weight = |
| weight = |
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| capacity = |
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| aux = |
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| powersupply = |
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| hvac = |
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| bogies = |
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| brakes = |
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| gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft3in}},<br>has operated on {{RailGauge|sg}}| |
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}} |
}} |
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From 1949, new air-conditioned steel carriages gradually entered service on ''[[The Overland]]'' train between [[Melbourne]] and [[Adelaide]]. The construction and exterior appearance had been introduced in the [[South Australian Railways]]' cafeteria car, built in 1947, which became the design precursor of Australian interstate cars in the years that followed. |
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==Design== |
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From 1949 ''[[The Overland]]'' moved into the modern era, with new air-conditioned [[Corten steel]] carriages gradually entering service, in maroon with a fluted stainless steel panel on each side and a black roof. This livery remained until the 1990s. |
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The livery, in regal red paint with a fluted stainless steel panel on each side and a black roof, remained until the 1990s. |
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The sitting cars were all organised as eight compartments linked to a side corridor, with different fittings as suited to the type. The first-class cars seated 48, and the second-class cars seated 64. The sleeping cars each held 20 passengers, either in ten compartments for two each, connected to a side corridor; or ten compartments either side of a central corridor. |
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The sitting cars were all organised as eight compartments linked to a side corridor, with different fittings as suited to the type. First-class cars seated 48; second-class cars seated 64. The sleeping cars each held 20 passengers, either in ten compartments for two each, connected to a side corridor, or ten compartments either side of a central corridor. |
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==Construction== |
==Construction== |
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Line 63: | Line 166: | ||
===Phase three=== |
===Phase three=== |
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Construction picked up again in 1966, with two more second-class sitting cars built to a slightly modified design. The next year saw two further sleeping cars added, then the final two second-class sitting cars entered service in 1968. |
Construction picked up again in 1966, with two more second-class sitting cars built to a slightly modified design, replacing 1ABS and 2ABS which were returned to the VR fleet. The next year saw two further sleeping cars added, then the final two second-class sitting cars entered service in 1968. |
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===Phase four=== |
===Phase four=== |
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From 1970 the train underwent significant changes. The last of the [[E type carriage|E type]] timber carriages were withdrawn from joint-stock service and split between the South Australian and the Victorian Railways. To replace them, two Luggage Vans (CO), three Club Cars, and four Power Vans (PCO) were built for the train; and the remaining |
From 1970, the train underwent significant changes. The last of the [[E type carriage|E type]] timber carriages were withdrawn from joint-stock service and split between the South Australian and the Victorian Railways. To replace them, two Luggage Vans (CO), three Club Cars, and four Power Vans (PCO) were built for the train; and the remaining rolling stock was converted away from axle-mounted generator sets to instead take power from the generators fitted to the PCO. |
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Shortly afterwards, the first three second-class sitting cars (1BJ, 2BJ and 3BJ) had some compartments modified to provide on-train buffet facilities. These were reclassed RBJ. Also around the same time, the [[Victorian Railways]] (VR) purchased the [[South Australian Railways]]' (SAR) share in the first four Sleeping cars for their use on |
Shortly afterwards, the first three second-class sitting cars (1BJ, 2BJ and 3BJ) had some compartments modified to provide on-train buffet facilities. These were reclassed RBJ. Also around the same time, the [[Victorian Railways]] (VR) purchased the [[South Australian Railways]]' (SAR) share in the first four Sleeping cars for their use on ''[[The Vinelander]]''; these were replaced by 1972 with four new cars, taking on the old identities. |
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==Operations== |
==Operations== |
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===V & SAR era 1949–1975=== |
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===V&SAR era 1949-1975=== |
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Following [[World War II]], the VR and SAR agreed that a major upgrade of ''[[The Overland]]'' service was needed. At the time, the train was formed using a handful of [[E type carriage]]s, perhaps with the occasional air-conditioned carriage taken from Victoria's fleet. |
Following [[World War II]], the VR and SAR agreed that a major upgrade of ''[[The Overland]]'' service was needed. At the time, the train was formed using a handful of [[E type carriage]]s, perhaps with the occasional air-conditioned carriage taken from Victoria's fleet. |
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*Club Cars could've been RAJ |
*Club Cars could've been RAJ |
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===V&ANR era |
===V & ANR era 1975–1997=== |
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[[File:The Overland train (overnight service) south-east of Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, ca 1995.jpg |thumb|500px|About 1995 near Bacchus Marsh, the familiar sight of matched cars on ''The Overland'' overnight service was about to end after 46 years]] |
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In 1975, [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]] (AN) took over the South Australian Railways, and the former SAR share of the carriages was transferred across to AN. |
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In 1975, [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]] (AN) took over the non-metropolitan South Australian Railways, and the former SAR share of the carriages was transferred to AN. |
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In 1986 ANR introduced a new computerised rollingstock tracking system, with the carriages awarded check letters following the first four letters of their names as the class; for example ''Yanni'' was officially known as YANN, with check letter K generated by the algorithm. |
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In 1986, ANR introduced a new computerised rolling stock tracking system, with the carriages awarded check letters following the first four letters of their names as the class; for example, ''Yanni'' was officially known as YANN, with check letter K. |
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In 1987 the names were removed and the carriages were reclassed. The sleepers were split into four groups; JRA and JRB for first and second class roomette carriages, and JTA and JTB for first and second class twinette carriages. First Class carriages were from the original batch built 1949-1958, and Second Class from the 1967-1972 batch. |
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In 1987, the names were removed and the carriages were reclassed. The sleepers were split into four groups: JRA and JRB for first and second class roomette carriages, and JTA and JTB for first and second class twinette carriages. First class carriages were from the original batch built 1949–1958, and second class from the 1967–1972 batch. |
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Between 1987 and 1993, the deployment was thus:- |
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Between 1987 and 1993, the deployment was thus: |
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'''Shared between V/Line and AN''' |
'''Shared between V/Line and AN''' |
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*AJ cars 1, 2 and 3 |
*AJ cars 1, 2 and 3 |
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*RBJ cars 1, 2 and 3 |
*RBJ cars 1, 2 and 3 |
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*BJ cars |
*BJ cars 4–10 |
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*Club Cars 1, 2 and 3 |
*Club Cars 1, 2 and 3 |
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*Luggage Vans CO 1 and 2 |
*Luggage Vans CO 1 and 2 |
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*JTB cars 1 through 4 were ''Tawarri, Yankai, Weroni'' 2nd and ''Dorai'' 2nd |
*JTB cars 1 through 4 were ''Tawarri, Yankai, Weroni'' 2nd and ''Dorai'' 2nd |
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'''With V/Line for |
'''With V/Line for ''The Vinelander''''' |
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*Sleeping Cars 11, 13 were ''Allambi'' 1st and ''Tantini'' 1st; later SJ281, SJ283. |
*Sleeping Cars 11, 13 were ''Allambi'' 1st and ''Tantini'' 1st; later SJ281, SJ283. |
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*Sleeping Cars 12, 14 were ''Dorai'' 1st and ''Weroni'' 1st; later SJ282, SJ284. |
*Sleeping Cars 12, 14 were ''Dorai'' 1st and ''Weroni'' 1st; later SJ282, SJ284. |
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With the pending [[Track gauge conversion|gauge conversion]] of the [[Adelaide-Melbourne railway line|Adelaide to Melbourne line]] in |
With the pending [[Track gauge conversion|gauge conversion]] of the [[Adelaide-Melbourne railway line|Adelaide to Melbourne line]] in 1994–1996 and falling patronage in any case, the oldest cars were withdrawn from service and onsold. The remaining fleet – the sitting cars and the newest of the sleepers – were converted to standard gauge: sitting cars AJ 1, 2 and 3, roomettes JRB 1 and 2, and twinettes JTB 1, 2, 3 and 4. |
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In 1993 |
In 1993, ''[[The Vinelander]]'' was withdrawn and the V/Line carriages were placed into storage at [[Newport Workshops]]. When V/Line was split into passenger and freight divisions in 1995, the cars were retained by the Victorian State Government rather than being allocated to either group.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} |
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====Dispersal 1995==== |
====Dispersal 1995==== |
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In 1995 the CO, JRA and JTA cars and power van |
In 1995, the CO, JRA and JTA cars and power van PCO 2 were removed from AN's rolling stock register, marked as withdrawn and scrapped. In actuality, they were sold to International Development Services, who onsold the fleet over the next few years. At the same time, power vans PCO 1 and PCO 3 and Club Car No.1 were sold to V/Line. The latter was renamed ''Victoria''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/pic_cd/cd_p1003557.html|title=Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – Digital Camera – cd_p1003557|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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In 1997, |
In 1997, JTA 4 and JTA 5 were sold to Blue Bird Rail, then to Grand Corporate Rail. At some point, they were converted to luxury cars, with some bedrooms retained and others converted to an open lounge and dining area. Under this form the two became BMC1 and BMC2 respectively. Grand Corporate Rail was forced to stop operating by the insurance crisis of 2003, so the cars were sold to [[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Railway]] and renamed ''[[Hans Heysen|Sir Hans Heyson]]'' and ''[[John Forrest|Sir John Forrest]]'' in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_paiti_1.html|title="Tandeni" – "Paiti" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_yanni.html|title="Yanni" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railpage.com.au/f-p27695.htm#27695|title=Bluebird Railcars|website=Railpage.com.au}}</ref> JTA 6 was privately purchased in 1998. |
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Also in 1998, [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] purchased cars PCO 2, CO 2, JRA 1, 3 and 4, and JTA 1 and 3. They were transferred to Melbourne on standard gauge bogies, then railed to [[Ballarat North Workshops]] for reconditioning and use on excursion trips. When West Coast Railway folded in 2004, the cars were dispersed by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company. PCO 2 was immediately sold to V/Line; in 2009, it was reconditioned and renumbered PCJ493, and it operated with PCJ491 and 492 (ex PCO 1 and 3) on the [[Albury V/Line rail service|standard gauge service]] from Melbourne to [[Albury railway station|Albury]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vicsig.net/photo/1113|title=Vicsig – Photos|website=vicsig.net}}</ref> After PCO 2, the next two sold were JTA 1 and JRA 3, also in 2004. JTA 1 was sold privately, then again in 2012 and is now under restoration on private property in [[Kyneton]]. CO 2 and JRA 3 were sold to Rail Experience and held at [[South Geelong railway station|South Geelong yard]], then moved to Newport Workshops in 2012. |
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In 1998, JTA6 was privately purchased, and is now under restoration as a static display on private property. |
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In 2007, JRA 1, JRA 4 and JTA 3 were sold by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company to [[Bluebird Rail Operations]]. About the same time, Bluebird acquired JRA 2. All four were refurbished as crew cars, and they re-entered service in the period 2008–2010 as, respectively, RZEY 1, 4 and 3, and QCAY 2; the latter for Queensland Rail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_chalaki_1.html|title="Chalaki" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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Also in 1998, [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] purchased cars PCO 2, CO 2, JRA 1, 3 and 4, and JTA 1 and 3. They were transferred to Melbourne on standard gauge bogies, then railed to [[Ballarat North Workshops]] for reconditioning and use on excursion trips. When West Coast Railway folded in 2004 the cars were dispersed by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company. PCO2 was immediately sold to V/Line; in 2009 it was reconditioned and renumbered PCJ493, and it now operates with PCJ491 and 492 (ex PCO 1 and 3) on the [[Albury V/Line rail service|standard gauge service]] from Melbourne to [[Albury railway station|Albury]].<ref>http://vicsig.net/photo/1113</ref> After PCO2, the next two sold were JTA1 and JRA3, also in 2004. JTA1 was sold privately, then again in 2012 and is now under restoration on private property in [[Kyneton]]. CO2 and JRA3 were sold to Rail Experience and held at [[South Geelong railway station|South Geelong yard]], then moved to Newport Workshops in 2012. |
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Not much information is available for JRA 5 or JTA 2 immediately following their purchase by Bluebird Rail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_juki.html|title="Juki" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_mokai_1.html|title="Mokai" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> At some point JTA2 was sold to [[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]], and JRA5 was sold to [[Aurizon|Queensland Rail]] as QCAY5. |
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In 2007, JRA1, JRA4 and JTA3 were sold by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company to Bluebird Rail Operations. Around the same time, Bluebird acquired JRA2. All four were refurbished as crew cars, and they re-entered service in the period 2008-2010 as, respectively, RZEY 1, 4 and 3, and QCAY 2; the latter for Queensland Rail.<ref>http://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_chalaki_1.html</ref> |
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===GSR era 1997–2010=== |
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Not much information is available for JRA5 or JTA2 immediately following their purchase by Bluebird Rail.<ref>http://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_juki.html</ref><ref>http://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_mokai_1.html</ref> At some point JTA2 was sold to [[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]], and JRA5 was sold to [[Aurizon|Queensland Rail]] as QCAY5. |
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On 1 November 1997, the remaining passenger services operated by Australian National were sold to [[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Rail]] (GSR).<ref>[http://www.serco.com/Images/311097GSRacquiresRailwayBusiness_tcm3-673.pdf Great Southern Railway Consortium completes acquisition of Australian National Railways Passenger Business] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051017160839/http://www.serco.com/Images/311097GSRacquiresRailwayBusiness_tcm3-673.pdf |date=17 October 2005 }} Serco Group 31 October 1997</ref> The sale included the standard gauge ''Overland'' passenger fleet – two roomette, four twinette sleepers; three first-class and six second-class sitting cars, three composite second-class sitting with buffet cars and two club cars. Power van PCO4 was also included in the sale, but at the time it was on broad gauge for the short-lived Explorer train, in a dark blue livery with wide yellow bands. It was converted to standard gauge in 1998 and given quick coat of grey paint.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/pic_cd/cd_p0110866.html|title=Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – 35mm – cd_p0110866|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/pic_cd/cd_p1003400.html|title=Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – Digital Camera – cd_p1003400|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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===GSR era 1997-2010=== |
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On 1 November 1997, the remaining passenger services operated by Australian National were sold to [[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Rail]] (GSR).<ref>[http://www.serco.com/Images/311097GSRacquiresRailwayBusiness_tcm3-673.pdf Great Southern Railway Consortium completes acquisition of Australian National Railways Passenger Business] Serco Group 31 October 1997</ref> The sale included the standard gauge ''Overland'' passenger fleet - two roomette, four twinette sleepers; three first-class and six second-class sitting cars, three composite second-class sitting with buffet cars and two club cars. Power van PCO4 was also included in the sale, but at the time it was on broad gauge for the short-lived Explorer train, in a dark blue livery with wide yellow bands. It was converted to standard gauge in 1998 and given quick coat of grey paint.<ref>http://www.comrails.com/pic_cd/cd_p0110866.html</ref><ref>http://www.comrails.com/pic_cd/cd_p1003400.html</ref> |
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In 1999 the carriages were refurbished and repainted to a plain grey scheme at [[Adelaide Parklands Terminal|Keswick]], and most of the cars had names applied, recycled from the sleeping carriages. Respectively, 5BJ through 10BJ became ''Mururu, Nankuri, Purpawi'' (sic), ''Chalaki'' and ''Tarkinji'', and PCO 4 became ''Paite'' (sic). The three RBJ cars were all named ''Kookaburra Club Car''; the Club Cars 2 and 3 were classed CCL and named ''Nomuldi'' and ''Malkari''. AJ1, 2 and 3, RBJ1, RBJ3 and 4BJ were not named following their refurbishment; and shortly afterwards ''Chalaki'' was renamed ''Kildalai'' (sic). In 2003 ''Purpawi'' was corrected to ''Purwapi''. |
In 1999 the carriages were refurbished and repainted to a plain grey scheme at [[Adelaide Parklands Terminal|Keswick]], and most of the cars had names applied, recycled from the sleeping carriages. Respectively, 5BJ through 10BJ became ''Mururu, Nankuri, Purpawi'' (sic), ''Chalaki'' and ''Tarkinji'', and PCO 4 became ''Paite'' (sic). The three RBJ cars were all named ''Kookaburra Club Car''; the Club Cars 2 and 3 were classed CCL and named ''Nomuldi'' and ''Malkari''. AJ1, 2 and 3, RBJ1, RBJ3 and 4BJ were not named following their refurbishment; and shortly afterwards ''Chalaki'' was renamed ''Kildalai'' (sic). In 2003 ''Purpawi'' was corrected to ''Purwapi''. |
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Then, in |
Then, in 2002–2003, the fleet was sold to a third party consortium and leased back for operational purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_dorai_2.html|title="Dorai" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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A second refurbishment was undertaken in |
A second refurbishment was undertaken in 2006–2007, applicable mainly to the second-class sitting cars. Retention toilets were fitted, with the male toilets shifted to the former ladies' toilet, and the latter shifted into the former powder room. The original male toilets were converted into showers, allowing the cars to be used on'' [[The Ghan]]'' and ''[[Indian Pacific]]'' services if and as necessary. At this time RBJ3 was refitted again, this time named Cafe 828. Similarly, CCL2 "Nomuldi" was upgraded to the "Charles Sturt" Outback Explorer lounge car, re-entering service in 2008; and PCO4 had its name removed, along with door replacements and a general overhaul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_pco.html|title=PCO Power/Guards Vans – V&SAR Joint Stock|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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In 2010, GSR was looking at selling parts of the fleet for use as crew cars by other operators. |
In 2010, GSR was looking at selling parts of the fleet for use as crew cars by other operators. |
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=== |
===Subsequent status=== |
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In 2011, 8BJ "Mokai", CCL3 "Malkari", RBJ1 and RBJ2 and JRB2 were sold to [[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]] and converted to crew cars ADFY1 through 5.<ref> |
In 2011, 8BJ "Mokai", CCL3 "Malkari", RBJ1 and RBJ2 and JRB2 were sold to [[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]] and converted to crew cars ADFY1 through 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_bj.html|title=BJ Second Class Sitting Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_rbj.html|title=RBJ Second Class Refreshment Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock|website=Comrails.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railpage.com.au/f-p1721214.htm#1721214|title=Crew Cars|website=Railpage}}</ref> |
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JRB1 was sold to [[Pacific National]] and renumbered RZEY2, slotting between RZEY1, 3 and 4. The original RZEY gap was left for [[Aurizon]]'s QCAY2. |
JRB1 was sold to [[Pacific National]] and renumbered RZEY2, slotting between RZEY1, 3 and 4. The original RZEY gap was left for [[Aurizon]]'s QCAY2. |
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AJ1-3 were also sold though their current ownership is unclear.<ref> |
AJ1-3 were also sold though their current ownership is unclear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_aj.html|title=AJ First Class Sitting Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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As of |
As of 2021, the V/Line Passenger Network Service Plan Addenda<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 October 2021|title=V/Line Network Service Plan Addenda|url=https://corporate.vline.com.au/CMSPages/GetSharePointFile.ashx?connectionname=VNAP&fileref=%2fNetworkServicesPlan%2fNetwork+Operating+Requirements+and+Addenda%2fNA_NSP_03+-+Addenda+R19-2021.pdf&cacheminutes=5&cachefilesize=1024&hash=e847de48cc07bed56366613533a750de620bd30d65da336ea2c54f8e5a6e662e|access-date=15 November 2021|website=V/Line}}</ref> lists these vehicles as accredited for operation in Victoria: |
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*[[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Rail]]: BJ4-10, BMC2, CCL2, JTB1-4, PCO4 & RBJ3, all Standard Gauge only. |
*[[Great Southern Rail (Australia)|Great Southern Rail]]: BJ4-10, BMC2, CCL2, JTB1-4, PCO4 & RBJ3, all Standard Gauge only. |
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*[[Seymour Railway Heritage Centre]], leased to V/Line: JTA6 "Kuldalai" |
*[[Seymour Railway Heritage Centre]], leased to V/Line & 707 Operations: JTA6 "Kuldalai" |
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*[[Steamrail Victoria]], leased to V/Line: SJ283. The Steamrail website also lists SJ282.<ref> |
*[[Steamrail Victoria]], leased to V/Line: SJ283. The Steamrail website also lists SJ282.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steamrail.com.au/|title=Welcome|website=Steamrail.com.au}}</ref> |
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*V/Line Passenger: PCJ491 |
*V/Line Passenger: PCJ491-493. |
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Other vehicles were deployed thus: |
Other vehicles were deployed thus: |
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*[[Pacific National]]: RZEY1, 2, 3 and 4. |
*[[Pacific National]]: RZEY1, 2, 3 and 4. |
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*[[Aurizon]]: QCAY2 and QCAY5. |
*[[Aurizon]]: QCAY2 and QCAY5. |
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*[[CFCL Australia]]: CDAY1; also AJ 1, AJ 2, AJ 3 stored stripped, not yet converted to crew cars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/189690277853355/|title=Facebook Groups|website=Facebook.com}} {{unreliable source?|date=October 2021}}</ref>{{When|date=July 2022}} |
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*[[CFCL Australia]]: CDAY1. |
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*[[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]]: ADFY1-5, JRA6 and JTA2. |
*[[Genesee & Wyoming Australia]]: ADFY1-5, JRA6 and JTA2. |
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*[[VicTrack]] Heritage: Victoria |
*[[VicTrack]] Heritage allocated to 707 Operations: Victoria, PCJ492 (3PCO), PCJ493 |
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*[[707 Operations]]: SJ284<ref>http://www.707operations.com.au/Main.asp?_=SJ%20284%20History</ref> |
*[[707 Operations]]: SJ284<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.707operations.com.au/Main.asp?_=SJ%20284%20History|title=- 707 Operations Inc – Mainline Steam Train Trips in Victoria|website=707operations.com.au}}</ref> |
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*VicTrack Heritage allocated to Steamrail Victoria: PCJ491 |
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*Static displays: JTA1 ''Nomuldi'' (private), JTA6 ''Kuldalai'' (private), ''Allambi'' ([[National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide]]) |
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*Static displays: JTA1 ''Nomuldi'' (The Overland Museum at Kaniva<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stuart Hicks' lifetime passion for trains {{!}} LifeSTYLE Wimmera - The Weekly Advertiser|url=https://theweeklyadvertiser.com.au/articles/stuart-hicks-lifetime-passion-for-trains-lifestyle-wimmera/|access-date=2021-12-28|website=theweeklyadvertiser.com.au}}</ref>), ''Allambi'' ([[National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide]]) |
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*Privately owned, stored at [[Newport Workshops]]: 2CO, JRA3 |
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*Privately owned, stored at [[Newport Workshops]]: 2CO, JRA 3 (scrapped early 2020 following fire damage)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/707operationsInc/photos/3102501816460956|title=Facebook|website=Facebook.com/707operations|access-date=21 October 2021}} {{unreliable source?|date=October 2021}}</ref> |
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*Held at [[Islington Railway Workshops]]: 1CO |
*Held at [[Islington Railway Workshops]]: 1CO |
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*Missing vehicles: AJ1, AJ2, AJ3 |
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==Fleet |
==Fleet details== |
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===First Class Sitting – AJ=== |
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===First Class Sitting - AJ=== |
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1AJ, 2AJ, 3AJ |
1AJ, 2AJ, 3AJ |
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===Second Class Sitting |
===Second Class Sitting – BJ=== |
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1BJ, 2BJ, 3BJ, 4BJ, 5BJ, 6BJ, 7BJ, 8BJ, 9BJ, 10BJ |
1BJ, 2BJ, 3BJ, 4BJ, 5BJ, 6BJ, 7BJ, 8BJ, 9BJ, 10BJ |
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===Second Class Sitting with Buffet |
===Second Class Sitting with Buffet – RBJ=== |
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1RBJ, 2RBJ, 3RBJ |
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===Club cars=== |
===Club cars=== |
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Club Car No.1, Club Car No. |
Club Car No.1, Club Car No.2, Club Car No.3 |
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===Sleeping cars=== |
===Sleeping cars=== |
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Line 181: | Line 282: | ||
When ''[[The Overland]]'' service was converted from [[E type carriage]]s to a new steel, fully airconditioned train, eight new sleeping cars were built. The interiors of these new cars were of a more modern design than the older cars. The roomette cars had a zigzag corridor instead of a straight one, and the compartments had the shape of a [[trapezoid|trapezium]]. This enabled the use of the toilet and washbasin units while the bed was still down, not possible in the older roomettes. |
When ''[[The Overland]]'' service was converted from [[E type carriage]]s to a new steel, fully airconditioned train, eight new sleeping cars were built. The interiors of these new cars were of a more modern design than the older cars. The roomette cars had a zigzag corridor instead of a straight one, and the compartments had the shape of a [[trapezoid|trapezium]]. This enabled the use of the toilet and washbasin units while the bed was still down, not possible in the older roomettes. |
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In 1949 the classleader, ''Allambi'', entered service, followed by ''Tantini, Weroni, Dorai, Mururi'' and ''Chalaki'' in 1950 and ''Nomuldi'' and ''Mokai'' in 1951. Of those, ''Allambi, Tantini, Mururi'' and ''Chalaki'' were roomette cars with zigzag corridors; the other four were standard compartment-style twinette cars. |
In 1949, the classleader, ''Allambi'', entered service, followed by ''Tantini, Weroni, Dorai, Mururi'' and ''Chalaki'' in 1950 and ''Nomuldi'' and ''Mokai'' in 1951. Of those, ''Allambi, Tantini, Mururi'' and ''Chalaki'' were roomette cars with zigzag corridors; the other four were standard compartment-style twinette cars. |
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The sleeping cars were of two types. [[Twinette]] cars had two-berth compartments (as had the E and Mann cars before them), but each compartment had an adjoining toilet and shower room; [[roomette]] cars had single-berth compartments either side of a central aisle, and a shower room at the end of the car.<ref>[[Commonwealth Railways]] had showers in some sleeping cars from 1919</ref> The new cars were not numbered, but instead given names based on Aboriginal words related to sleep or dreams. |
The sleeping cars were of two types. [[Twinette]] cars had two-berth compartments (as had the E and Mann cars before them), but each compartment had an adjoining toilet and shower room; [[roomette]] cars had single-berth compartments either side of a central aisle, and a shower room at the end of the car.<ref>[[Commonwealth Railways]] had showers in some sleeping cars from 1919</ref> The new cars were not numbered, but instead given names based on Aboriginal words related to sleep or dreams. |
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Line 187: | Line 288: | ||
Additional carriages were built a few years later, with Roomettes ''Nankuri'' and ''Purpawi'' in 1955, Twinettes ''Tolkini'' (later ''Malkari'') and ''Tandeni'' (later ''Paiti'') in 1956, Twinettes ''Yanni'' and ''Kuldalai'' in 1957 and Roomettes ''Juki'' and ''Tarkinji'' in 1958. |
Additional carriages were built a few years later, with Roomettes ''Nankuri'' and ''Purpawi'' in 1955, Twinettes ''Tolkini'' (later ''Malkari'') and ''Tandeni'' (later ''Paiti'') in 1956, Twinettes ''Yanni'' and ''Kuldalai'' in 1957 and Roomettes ''Juki'' and ''Tarkinji'' in 1958. |
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Two further cars were built in 1967, Twinettes ''Tawarri'' and ''Yankai'',<ref> |
Two further cars were built in 1967, Twinettes ''Tawarri'' and ''Yankai'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_tawarri.html|title="Tawarri" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car-|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/n_yankai.html|title="Yankai" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> for a total fleet of eighteen. These last two had a slightly different interior layout. |
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In 1971, the SAR's share in roomette cars ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' and twinette cars ''Dorai'' and ''Weroni''<ref> |
In 1971, the SAR's share in roomette cars ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' and twinette cars ''Dorai'' and ''Weroni''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/i_allambi.html|title="Allambi"-|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/i_tantini.html|title="Tantini"-|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/i_dorai.html|title="Dorai"-|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/i_weroni.html|title="Weroni"-|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> was sold to the Victorian Railways for use on ''[[The Vinelander]]'' to [[Mildura railway station|Mildura]]. They were repainted dark blue and their names removed; these names were then applied to the same type of new cars built to replace them. |
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The new sleepers, ''Weroni'' and ''Dorai'' (1971) and ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' (1972) were built with the altered interior matching the 1967 batch (though ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' were still roomettes).<ref> |
The new sleepers, ''Weroni'' and ''Dorai'' (1971) and ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' (1972) were built with the altered interior matching the 1967 batch (though ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' were still roomettes).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/a0203_sj.html|title=Steel Sleeping Carriages - V&SAR Joint Stock -|website=Comrails.com|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> |
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Under Victorian Railways, the cars had blue painted where maroon had previously been used, with ''Vinelander'' nameplates on the carriage sides in place of the names. The cars were numbered as Sleepers |
Under Victorian Railways, the cars had blue painted where maroon had previously been used, with ''Vinelander'' nameplates on the carriage sides in place of the names. The cars were numbered as Sleepers Nos 11 to 14, previously ''Allambi, Tantini, Weroni'' and ''Dorai''. The [[New Deal (railway)|New Deal]] in 1983 saw the four Victorian Railways Sleeper carriages renumbered to SJ 281 to 284, and the carriages were repainted again, this time with orange replacing the blue, with V/Line logos on plates fitted to the left ends. |
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Under [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]], the vehicles were allocated classes, with ''Mururi'', ''Chalaki'', ''Nankuri'', ''Purpawi'', ''Juki'' and ''Tarkinji'' becoming JRA1-6, ''Nomuldi'', ''Mokai'', ''Tolkini'', ''Tandeni'', ''Yanni'' and ''Kuldalai'' JTA1-6, and ''Tawarri'' and ''Yankai'' JTB1-2. The second ''Allambi'' and ''Tantini'' became JRB1-2, and the second ''Weroni'' and ''Dorai'' JTB3-4. "R" was for Roomette and "T" for Twinette, with "A" or "B" respectively indicating first class for the pre-1967 fleet, or second class for the post-1967 fleet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/a0203_sj.html|title=Steel Sleeping Carriages – V&SAR Joint Stock -|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> Therefore it is safe to assume that if the four carriages passed to the Victorian Railways had been retained, they would have been classed as further JRA and JTA units.</onlyinclude> |
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===Power vans=== |
===Power vans=== |
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[[Image:PCO-being-shunted-vline.jpg|thumb|[[V/Line]] liveried van PCJ 493]] |
[[Image:PCO-being-shunted-vline.jpg|thumb|[[V/Line]] liveried van PCJ 493]] |
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[[Image:PCJ491 at Southern Cross.JPG|thumb|PCJ491 (ex-PCO1) at [[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross station]]]] |
[[Image:PCJ491 at Southern Cross.JPG|thumb|PCJ491 (ex-PCO1) at [[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross station]]]] |
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In the early |
In the early 1970s, ''[[The Overland]]'' required head end power for air conditioning and lighting. Prior to this time, all electrical power had been supplied by axle-driven generators. As a result, the two railways between them built four PCO vans, numbered 1 – 4, in 1970. They were Joint Stock vehicles owned and maintained jointly by the VR and SAR, and their later, respective incarnations of VicRail and [[V/Line]] (VR), and [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]] (SAR). Each had two {{convert|162.5|kW|hp}} diesel generators and could carry {{convert|10|t}} of luggage. In 1990, the [[V/Line N class]] locomotives, which had their own head end power units, took over hauling the ''Overland'' and the PCO vans were put into storage. |
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In 1995, V/Line and Australian National took full ownership of two vans each. V/Line took PCOs 1 and 3, which it renumbered PCJ 491 and 492 respectively, and AN took PCOs 2 and 4. PCO 2 remained in storage until was purchased by [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] in 1998. When West Coast Railway ceased operation in 2004 it was acquired by V/Line and in 2009 was refurbished and renumbered to PCJ 493.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wongm.railgeelong.com/ballarat-pcj-transfer/|title=Wongm's Rail Gallery |
In 1995, V/Line and Australian National took full ownership of two vans each. V/Line took PCOs 1 and 3, which it renumbered PCJ 491 and 492 respectively, and AN took PCOs 2 and 4. PCO 2 remained in storage until was purchased by [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] in 1998. When West Coast Railway ceased operation in 2004, it was acquired by V/Line and in 2009 was refurbished and renumbered to PCJ 493.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wongm.railgeelong.com/ballarat-pcj-transfer/|title=Wongm's Rail Gallery – PCJ van transfer to and from Ballarat|website=Wongm.railgeelong.com|date=September 15, 2009|access-date=2009-11-16}}</ref> All three PCJ vans were converted to [[standard gauge]] in 2011 for use on the [[Albury V/Line rail service|V/Line Albury service]]. Australian National used PCO4 on the short-lived ''Explorer'' tour train in [[South Australia]] and converted to [[standard gauge]] for use again on ''The Overland''. It was completely refurbished in 2007 with new diesel generator sets. |
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Following the launch of [[V/Line VLocity|VLocity]]'s on the [[Albury V/Line rail service]] in 2022, V/Line began withdrawing the power vans paired with the standard gauge [[VicRail N type carriage|N sets]] from service and were initially stored. In 2023, PCJ492 and PCJ493 were allocated to [[707 Operations]], with PCJ 491 being allocated to [[Steamrail Victoria]]. In preservation, PCJ492 has had its original identity of 3PCO restored.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/707operationsInc/posts/pfbid0Z6p7sythuFsJWF3FavrifVqDmSk5DUDHAgyy4nRdvqTEGp6Xv4BEigvJJKc3BG3il|title=BEWARE:Wet paint!|website=Facebook.com/707operations|access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> |
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===Luggage vans=== |
===Luggage vans=== |
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In 1970 two Joint Stock guards vans were built for the [[Southern Cross railway station|Melbourne]] to [[Adelaide railway station|Adelaide]] ''[[The Overland]]'' service. They were coded CO, and remained in use until 1994, when they were transferred to [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]]. Both vans were written off of the shared V/Line and Australian National |
In 1970, two Joint Stock guards vans were built for the [[Southern Cross railway station|Melbourne]] to [[Adelaide railway station|Adelaide]] ''[[The Overland]]'' service. They were coded CO, and remained in use until 1994, when they were transferred to [[Australian National Railways Commission|Australian National]]. Both vans were written off of the shared V/Line and Australian National rolling stock register in 1995.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_co.html|title=CO Guards Van – V&SAR Joint Stock|website=Comrails.com}}</ref> |
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2CO was sold to [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] in 1998 and transferred to Melbourne in early December of that year. However, there is no evidence that it was ever restored or utilised by that group. In 2004, when West Coast Railway shut down, the carriage was sold to Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company for the ''Murraylander'' service, but quickly passed on to the [[Geelong]]-based group Rail Experience.<ref>http://www.comrails.com/sar_carriages/b_co.html#2co</ref> |
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==Model railways== |
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===HO Scale=== |
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====Lima==== |
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Lima produced approximations of these carriages. |
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====Trainbuilder==== |
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Trainbuilder has produced a brass range of the Overland carriages.<ref>http://www.trainbuilder.com/overland</ref> |
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2CO was sold to [[West Coast Railway (Victoria)|West Coast Railway]] in 1998 and transferred to Melbourne in early December of that year. However, there is no evidence that it was ever restored or utilised by that group. In 2004, when West Coast Railway shut down, the carriage was sold to Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company for the ''Murraylander'' service, but quickly passed on to the [[Geelong]]-based group Rail Experience.<ref name="auto"/> |
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The first series were released as parts of complete Overland trains. |
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==See also== |
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In 2016/17, a new batch included pairs of Sleepers 11/13 or 12/14 in Vinelander Blue with silver, or SJ281/283 or SJ282/S84 in V/Line Orange and Grey. Pairs of cars sell for $950/pack. |
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Detailed information about the cars, including drawings: [https://www.victorianrailways.net/pass%20cars/pass%20car%20pages/overland/overland_cars.html VictorianRailways.net]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist| |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{South Australian Railways locos|state=collapsed}} |
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{{VRLocos|state=collapsed}} |
{{VRLocos|state=collapsed}} |
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Revision as of 15:08, 21 May 2024
The first carriages built specifically for The Overland train service operated by the Victorian and South Australian Railways (V & SAR) were introduced in 1949. By the end of 1951, eight new sleeping cars and six new sitting cars had entered service. Additions to the fleet continued until 1972; in all, 44 carriages were built. About eight were still in service in March 2020 on The Overland operated by Journey Beyond. Other carriages have been transferred to different services or sold.
Victorian & South Australian Railways The Overland carriages | |
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In service | 1949–present |
Manufacturer | South Australian Railways |
Built at | Islington Railway Workshops |
Constructed | 1949–1972 |
Operators |
|
Specifications | |
Car body construction | 75 ft (22.86 m) |
Car length | 78 ft 3 in (23.85 m) |
Width | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) |
Height | 13 ft 6.0625 in (4.12 m) |
Doors | Manual swing "stable", 2 per side |
Maximum speed | 115 km/h (71 mph) |
Power supply | Axle generators, later head-end power 415vAC |
Bogies | 53 ft (16.15 m) centres |
Braking system(s) | Westinghouse |
Coupling system | Autocouplers |
Track gauge | 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) & 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
Design
Sitting cars (AJ, BJ, RBJ & CCL) | |
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Constructed | 1949–1970 |
Number built | 16 |
Fleet numbers | 1-3AJ, 1-10BJ, 1-3RBJ, Club Car No.1-3, 1-3CCL |
Capacity | 48 1st class passengers (AJ) 64 2nd class passengers (BJ) 34 2nd class passengers (RBJ) 43 1st class passengers (Club Car/CCL) |
Specifications | |
Weight | 48.35 long tons (49.13 t) (AJ)[1] 45.7 long tons (46.43 t) (BJ)[2] 45.1 long tons (45.82 t) (RBJ)[3] 42.25 long tons (42.93 t) (CCL/Club Car)[4] |
Sleeping Cars (Named, later SJ, JRA, JRB, JTA, JTB, BMC, RZEY, QCAY, CDAY, ADFY) | |
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Tantini (aka SJ 282) as preserved by Steamrail Victoria | |
Constructed | 1949–1972 |
Number built | 22 |
Number preserved | 4 |
Fleet numbers | Allambi, Chalaki, Dorai, Juki, Kuldalai, Malkari, Mokai, Mururi, Nanjuri, Nomuldi, Paiti, Purpawi, Tantini, Tarkinji, Tawarri, Weroni, Yankai, Yanni, Sleeping cars No.11-14, SJ281-284, JRA 1–6, JRB 1 & 2, JTA 1–6, JTB 1–4, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Forrest, |
Capacity | 20 sleeping passengers, either Roomette or Twinette style. Twinette cars could seat 30 passengers in 'day mode'. |
Specifications | |
Weight | 52 long tons (52.83 t) [5] |
Brake van, power van | |
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Constructed | 1970–1972 |
Number built | 6 |
Number in service | 4 |
Fleet numbers | 1-2CO, 1-4PCO, PCJ491-493 |
From 1949, new air-conditioned steel carriages gradually entered service on The Overland train between Melbourne and Adelaide. The construction and exterior appearance had been introduced in the South Australian Railways' cafeteria car, built in 1947, which became the design precursor of Australian interstate cars in the years that followed.
The livery, in regal red paint with a fluted stainless steel panel on each side and a black roof, remained until the 1990s.
The sitting cars were all organised as eight compartments linked to a side corridor, with different fittings as suited to the type. First-class cars seated 48; second-class cars seated 64. The sleeping cars each held 20 passengers, either in ten compartments for two each, connected to a side corridor, or ten compartments either side of a central corridor.
Construction
Phase one
Six sleeping carriages had been built by the end of 1950; 1951 saw two first-class sitting carriages and a further two sleeping cars entering service, and four second-class sitting cars entered service the following year, for a fleet total of fourteen cars.
Phase two
To respond to growing patronage, a further two sleeping cars were built in each of 1955, 1956, 1957 and 1958. 1960 saw a further two second-class sitting cars constructed, and in 1962 a third first-class sitting car was constructed, to replace composite sitting car 3ABS which was returned to the Victorian Railways fleet.
Phase three
Construction picked up again in 1966, with two more second-class sitting cars built to a slightly modified design, replacing 1ABS and 2ABS which were returned to the VR fleet. The next year saw two further sleeping cars added, then the final two second-class sitting cars entered service in 1968.
Phase four
From 1970, the train underwent significant changes. The last of the E type timber carriages were withdrawn from joint-stock service and split between the South Australian and the Victorian Railways. To replace them, two Luggage Vans (CO), three Club Cars, and four Power Vans (PCO) were built for the train; and the remaining rolling stock was converted away from axle-mounted generator sets to instead take power from the generators fitted to the PCO.
Shortly afterwards, the first three second-class sitting cars (1BJ, 2BJ and 3BJ) had some compartments modified to provide on-train buffet facilities. These were reclassed RBJ. Also around the same time, the Victorian Railways (VR) purchased the South Australian Railways' (SAR) share in the first four Sleeping cars for their use on The Vinelander; these were replaced by 1972 with four new cars, taking on the old identities.
Operations
V & SAR era 1949–1975
Following World War II, the VR and SAR agreed that a major upgrade of The Overland service was needed. At the time, the train was formed using a handful of E type carriages, perhaps with the occasional air-conditioned carriage taken from Victoria's fleet.
To provide for the upgrade, a new design of steel carriages was developed, to replace the worst of the E type sleeping carriages. The first car, Allambi, entered service in 1949 as a roomette sleeper with a central corridor and ten sleeping compartments either side, with room for 20 passengers. The car was fitted with airconditioning and electric lighting, powered by axle-driven generators.[6]
When the carriage was deemed successful, and additional three Roomette sleepers (Tantini, Mururi and Chalaki), and two Twinette sleepers with a side corridor and ten two-berth compartments. These five entered service in 1950, and with Allambi they displaced some of the E Type carriages which were split between the VR and SAR fleets.
Two further sleeping and six sitting cars were added to the fleet over the next few years, for a total of 14 carriages by the end of 1952.
- Fit HEP 1970
- RBJ 1, 2, 3
- Club Cars could've been RAJ
V & ANR era 1975–1997
In 1975, Australian National (AN) took over the non-metropolitan South Australian Railways, and the former SAR share of the carriages was transferred to AN.
In 1986, ANR introduced a new computerised rolling stock tracking system, with the carriages awarded check letters following the first four letters of their names as the class; for example, Yanni was officially known as YANN, with check letter K.
In 1987, the names were removed and the carriages were reclassed. The sleepers were split into four groups: JRA and JRB for first and second class roomette carriages, and JTA and JTB for first and second class twinette carriages. First class carriages were from the original batch built 1949–1958, and second class from the 1967–1972 batch.
Between 1987 and 1993, the deployment was thus:
Shared between V/Line and AN
- AJ cars 1, 2 and 3
- RBJ cars 1, 2 and 3
- BJ cars 4–10
- Club Cars 1, 2 and 3
- Luggage Vans CO 1 and 2
- Power Vans PCO 1 through 4
- JRA cars 1 through 6 were Mururi, Chalaki, Nankuri, Purpawi, Juki and Tarkinji
- JRB cars 1 and 2 were Allambi 2nd and Tantini 2nd
- JTA cars 1 through 6 were Nomuldi, Mokai, Malkari, Paiti (later renamed Sir Hans Heysen), Yanni (later renamed Sir John Forrest) and Kuldalai
- JTB cars 1 through 4 were Tawarri, Yankai, Weroni 2nd and Dorai 2nd
With V/Line for The Vinelander
- Sleeping Cars 11, 13 were Allambi 1st and Tantini 1st; later SJ281, SJ283.
- Sleeping Cars 12, 14 were Dorai 1st and Weroni 1st; later SJ282, SJ284.
With the pending gauge conversion of the Adelaide to Melbourne line in 1994–1996 and falling patronage in any case, the oldest cars were withdrawn from service and onsold. The remaining fleet – the sitting cars and the newest of the sleepers – were converted to standard gauge: sitting cars AJ 1, 2 and 3, roomettes JRB 1 and 2, and twinettes JTB 1, 2, 3 and 4.
In 1993, The Vinelander was withdrawn and the V/Line carriages were placed into storage at Newport Workshops. When V/Line was split into passenger and freight divisions in 1995, the cars were retained by the Victorian State Government rather than being allocated to either group.[citation needed]
Dispersal 1995
In 1995, the CO, JRA and JTA cars and power van PCO 2 were removed from AN's rolling stock register, marked as withdrawn and scrapped. In actuality, they were sold to International Development Services, who onsold the fleet over the next few years. At the same time, power vans PCO 1 and PCO 3 and Club Car No.1 were sold to V/Line. The latter was renamed Victoria.[7]
In 1997, JTA 4 and JTA 5 were sold to Blue Bird Rail, then to Grand Corporate Rail. At some point, they were converted to luxury cars, with some bedrooms retained and others converted to an open lounge and dining area. Under this form the two became BMC1 and BMC2 respectively. Grand Corporate Rail was forced to stop operating by the insurance crisis of 2003, so the cars were sold to Great Southern Railway and renamed Sir Hans Heyson and Sir John Forrest in 2003.[8][9][10] JTA 6 was privately purchased in 1998.
Also in 1998, West Coast Railway purchased cars PCO 2, CO 2, JRA 1, 3 and 4, and JTA 1 and 3. They were transferred to Melbourne on standard gauge bogies, then railed to Ballarat North Workshops for reconditioning and use on excursion trips. When West Coast Railway folded in 2004, the cars were dispersed by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company. PCO 2 was immediately sold to V/Line; in 2009, it was reconditioned and renumbered PCJ493, and it operated with PCJ491 and 492 (ex PCO 1 and 3) on the standard gauge service from Melbourne to Albury.[11] After PCO 2, the next two sold were JTA 1 and JRA 3, also in 2004. JTA 1 was sold privately, then again in 2012 and is now under restoration on private property in Kyneton. CO 2 and JRA 3 were sold to Rail Experience and held at South Geelong yard, then moved to Newport Workshops in 2012.
In 2007, JRA 1, JRA 4 and JTA 3 were sold by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company to Bluebird Rail Operations. About the same time, Bluebird acquired JRA 2. All four were refurbished as crew cars, and they re-entered service in the period 2008–2010 as, respectively, RZEY 1, 4 and 3, and QCAY 2; the latter for Queensland Rail.[12]
Not much information is available for JRA 5 or JTA 2 immediately following their purchase by Bluebird Rail.[13][14] At some point JTA2 was sold to Genesee & Wyoming Australia, and JRA5 was sold to Queensland Rail as QCAY5.
GSR era 1997–2010
On 1 November 1997, the remaining passenger services operated by Australian National were sold to Great Southern Rail (GSR).[15] The sale included the standard gauge Overland passenger fleet – two roomette, four twinette sleepers; three first-class and six second-class sitting cars, three composite second-class sitting with buffet cars and two club cars. Power van PCO4 was also included in the sale, but at the time it was on broad gauge for the short-lived Explorer train, in a dark blue livery with wide yellow bands. It was converted to standard gauge in 1998 and given quick coat of grey paint.[16][17]
In 1999 the carriages were refurbished and repainted to a plain grey scheme at Keswick, and most of the cars had names applied, recycled from the sleeping carriages. Respectively, 5BJ through 10BJ became Mururu, Nankuri, Purpawi (sic), Chalaki and Tarkinji, and PCO 4 became Paite (sic). The three RBJ cars were all named Kookaburra Club Car; the Club Cars 2 and 3 were classed CCL and named Nomuldi and Malkari. AJ1, 2 and 3, RBJ1, RBJ3 and 4BJ were not named following their refurbishment; and shortly afterwards Chalaki was renamed Kildalai (sic). In 2003 Purpawi was corrected to Purwapi.
Then, in 2002–2003, the fleet was sold to a third party consortium and leased back for operational purposes.[18]
A second refurbishment was undertaken in 2006–2007, applicable mainly to the second-class sitting cars. Retention toilets were fitted, with the male toilets shifted to the former ladies' toilet, and the latter shifted into the former powder room. The original male toilets were converted into showers, allowing the cars to be used on The Ghan and Indian Pacific services if and as necessary. At this time RBJ3 was refitted again, this time named Cafe 828. Similarly, CCL2 "Nomuldi" was upgraded to the "Charles Sturt" Outback Explorer lounge car, re-entering service in 2008; and PCO4 had its name removed, along with door replacements and a general overhaul.[19]
In 2010, GSR was looking at selling parts of the fleet for use as crew cars by other operators.
Subsequent status
In 2011, 8BJ "Mokai", CCL3 "Malkari", RBJ1 and RBJ2 and JRB2 were sold to Genesee & Wyoming Australia and converted to crew cars ADFY1 through 5.[20][21][22]
JRB1 was sold to Pacific National and renumbered RZEY2, slotting between RZEY1, 3 and 4. The original RZEY gap was left for Aurizon's QCAY2.
AJ1-3 were also sold though their current ownership is unclear.[23]
As of 2021, the V/Line Passenger Network Service Plan Addenda[24] lists these vehicles as accredited for operation in Victoria:
- Great Southern Rail: BJ4-10, BMC2, CCL2, JTB1-4, PCO4 & RBJ3, all Standard Gauge only.
- Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, leased to V/Line & 707 Operations: JTA6 "Kuldalai"
- Steamrail Victoria, leased to V/Line: SJ283. The Steamrail website also lists SJ282.[25]
- V/Line Passenger: PCJ491-493.
Other vehicles were deployed thus:
- Pacific National: RZEY1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Aurizon: QCAY2 and QCAY5.
- CFCL Australia: CDAY1; also AJ 1, AJ 2, AJ 3 stored stripped, not yet converted to crew cars.[26][when?]
- Genesee & Wyoming Australia: ADFY1-5, JRA6 and JTA2.
- VicTrack Heritage allocated to 707 Operations: Victoria, PCJ492 (3PCO), PCJ493
- 707 Operations: SJ284[27]
- VicTrack Heritage allocated to Steamrail Victoria: PCJ491
- Static displays: JTA1 Nomuldi (The Overland Museum at Kaniva[28]), Allambi (National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide)
- Privately owned, stored at Newport Workshops: 2CO, JRA 3 (scrapped early 2020 following fire damage)[29]
- Held at Islington Railway Workshops: 1CO
Fleet details
First Class Sitting – AJ
1AJ, 2AJ, 3AJ
Second Class Sitting – BJ
1BJ, 2BJ, 3BJ, 4BJ, 5BJ, 6BJ, 7BJ, 8BJ, 9BJ, 10BJ
Second Class Sitting with Buffet – RBJ
1RBJ, 2RBJ, 3RBJ
Club cars
Club Car No.1, Club Car No.2, Club Car No.3
Sleeping cars
When The Overland service was converted from E type carriages to a new steel, fully airconditioned train, eight new sleeping cars were built. The interiors of these new cars were of a more modern design than the older cars. The roomette cars had a zigzag corridor instead of a straight one, and the compartments had the shape of a trapezium. This enabled the use of the toilet and washbasin units while the bed was still down, not possible in the older roomettes.
In 1949, the classleader, Allambi, entered service, followed by Tantini, Weroni, Dorai, Mururi and Chalaki in 1950 and Nomuldi and Mokai in 1951. Of those, Allambi, Tantini, Mururi and Chalaki were roomette cars with zigzag corridors; the other four were standard compartment-style twinette cars.
The sleeping cars were of two types. Twinette cars had two-berth compartments (as had the E and Mann cars before them), but each compartment had an adjoining toilet and shower room; roomette cars had single-berth compartments either side of a central aisle, and a shower room at the end of the car.[30] The new cars were not numbered, but instead given names based on Aboriginal words related to sleep or dreams.
Additional carriages were built a few years later, with Roomettes Nankuri and Purpawi in 1955, Twinettes Tolkini (later Malkari) and Tandeni (later Paiti) in 1956, Twinettes Yanni and Kuldalai in 1957 and Roomettes Juki and Tarkinji in 1958.
Two further cars were built in 1967, Twinettes Tawarri and Yankai,[31][32] for a total fleet of eighteen. These last two had a slightly different interior layout.
In 1971, the SAR's share in roomette cars Allambi and Tantini and twinette cars Dorai and Weroni[33][34][35][36] was sold to the Victorian Railways for use on The Vinelander to Mildura. They were repainted dark blue and their names removed; these names were then applied to the same type of new cars built to replace them.
The new sleepers, Weroni and Dorai (1971) and Allambi and Tantini (1972) were built with the altered interior matching the 1967 batch (though Allambi and Tantini were still roomettes).[37]
Under Victorian Railways, the cars had blue painted where maroon had previously been used, with Vinelander nameplates on the carriage sides in place of the names. The cars were numbered as Sleepers Nos 11 to 14, previously Allambi, Tantini, Weroni and Dorai. The New Deal in 1983 saw the four Victorian Railways Sleeper carriages renumbered to SJ 281 to 284, and the carriages were repainted again, this time with orange replacing the blue, with V/Line logos on plates fitted to the left ends.
Under Australian National, the vehicles were allocated classes, with Mururi, Chalaki, Nankuri, Purpawi, Juki and Tarkinji becoming JRA1-6, Nomuldi, Mokai, Tolkini, Tandeni, Yanni and Kuldalai JTA1-6, and Tawarri and Yankai JTB1-2. The second Allambi and Tantini became JRB1-2, and the second Weroni and Dorai JTB3-4. "R" was for Roomette and "T" for Twinette, with "A" or "B" respectively indicating first class for the pre-1967 fleet, or second class for the post-1967 fleet.[38] Therefore it is safe to assume that if the four carriages passed to the Victorian Railways had been retained, they would have been classed as further JRA and JTA units.
Power vans
In the early 1970s, The Overland required head end power for air conditioning and lighting. Prior to this time, all electrical power had been supplied by axle-driven generators. As a result, the two railways between them built four PCO vans, numbered 1 – 4, in 1970. They were Joint Stock vehicles owned and maintained jointly by the VR and SAR, and their later, respective incarnations of VicRail and V/Line (VR), and Australian National (SAR). Each had two 162.5 kilowatts (217.9 hp) diesel generators and could carry 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) of luggage. In 1990, the V/Line N class locomotives, which had their own head end power units, took over hauling the Overland and the PCO vans were put into storage.
In 1995, V/Line and Australian National took full ownership of two vans each. V/Line took PCOs 1 and 3, which it renumbered PCJ 491 and 492 respectively, and AN took PCOs 2 and 4. PCO 2 remained in storage until was purchased by West Coast Railway in 1998. When West Coast Railway ceased operation in 2004, it was acquired by V/Line and in 2009 was refurbished and renumbered to PCJ 493.[39] All three PCJ vans were converted to standard gauge in 2011 for use on the V/Line Albury service. Australian National used PCO4 on the short-lived Explorer tour train in South Australia and converted to standard gauge for use again on The Overland. It was completely refurbished in 2007 with new diesel generator sets.
Following the launch of VLocity's on the Albury V/Line rail service in 2022, V/Line began withdrawing the power vans paired with the standard gauge N sets from service and were initially stored. In 2023, PCJ492 and PCJ493 were allocated to 707 Operations, with PCJ 491 being allocated to Steamrail Victoria. In preservation, PCJ492 has had its original identity of 3PCO restored.[40]
Luggage vans
In 1970, two Joint Stock guards vans were built for the Melbourne to Adelaide The Overland service. They were coded CO, and remained in use until 1994, when they were transferred to Australian National. Both vans were written off of the shared V/Line and Australian National rolling stock register in 1995.[41]
2CO was sold to West Coast Railway in 1998 and transferred to Melbourne in early December of that year. However, there is no evidence that it was ever restored or utilised by that group. In 2004, when West Coast Railway shut down, the carriage was sold to Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company for the Murraylander service, but quickly passed on to the Geelong-based group Rail Experience.[41]
See also
Detailed information about the cars, including drawings: VictorianRailways.net.
References
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.63
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.99
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.223
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.151
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.243-244, 246–251
- ^ "New Sleeping Cars to be Named" Railway Gazette 23 December 1949 page 729
- ^ "Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – Digital Camera – cd_p1003557". Comrails.com.
- ^ ""Tandeni" – "Paiti" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ ""Yanni" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ "Bluebird Railcars". Railpage.com.au.
- ^ "Vicsig – Photos". vicsig.net.
- ^ ""Chalaki" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ ""Juki" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ ""Mokai" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ Great Southern Railway Consortium completes acquisition of Australian National Railways Passenger Business Archived 17 October 2005 at the Wayback Machine Serco Group 31 October 1997
- ^ "Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – 35mm – cd_p0110866". Comrails.com.
- ^ "Photo – Information – Chris Drymalik – Digital Camera – cd_p1003400". Comrails.com.
- ^ ""Dorai" – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com.
- ^ "PCO Power/Guards Vans – V&SAR Joint Stock". Comrails.com.
- ^ "BJ Second Class Sitting Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock". Comrails.com.
- ^ "RBJ Second Class Refreshment Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock". Comrails.com.
- ^ "Crew Cars". Railpage.
- ^ "AJ First Class Sitting Cars – V&SAR Joint Stock". Comrails.com.
- ^ "V/Line Network Service Plan Addenda". V/Line. 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Welcome". Steamrail.com.au.
- ^ "Facebook Groups". Facebook.com. [unreliable source?]
- ^ "- 707 Operations Inc – Mainline Steam Train Trips in Victoria". 707operations.com.au.
- ^ "Stuart Hicks' lifetime passion for trains | LifeSTYLE Wimmera - The Weekly Advertiser". theweeklyadvertiser.com.au. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ^ "Facebook". Facebook.com/707operations. Retrieved 21 October 2021. [unreliable source?]
- ^ Commonwealth Railways had showers in some sleeping cars from 1919
- ^ ""Tawarri" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car-". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ ""Yankai" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ ""Allambi"-". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ ""Tantini"-". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ ""Dorai"-". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ ""Weroni"-". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "Steel Sleeping Carriages - V&SAR Joint Stock -". Comrails.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "Steel Sleeping Carriages – V&SAR Joint Stock -". Comrails.com.
- ^ "Wongm's Rail Gallery – PCJ van transfer to and from Ballarat". Wongm.railgeelong.com. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
- ^ "BEWARE:Wet paint!". Facebook.com/707operations. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
- ^ a b "CO Guards Van – V&SAR Joint Stock". Comrails.com.