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Abadiyat darvozasida

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Qayg'uli chol ("Abadiyat darvozasida")
An elderly man with a bald head is sitting on a yellow chair by his fire. There is a low fire in the grate. He is dressed in blue clothes. He is holding his head in his hands.</img>
Rassom Vinsent van Gog
Yil 1890
Katalog

Qayg'uli chol (Abadiyat darvozasida) - Vincent van Gogh tomonidan 1890-yilda Sent-Remi de Provansda ilk litografiya asosida chizilgan yog'li rasm[1][2]. Rasm may oyi boshida, rassom o'limidan ikki oy oldin sog'lig'ining og'irlashishidan tuzalib ketayotgan paytda yakunlangan (aslida rassom o'z joniga suiqasd qilgan deb hisoblanadi) [3].

1970-yilgi raisonné katalogida ushbu asarga Eskirgan: Abadiylik darvozasida nomi berilgan[4].

Litograf

Litograf Van Goghning 1882-yilda nafaqaxo'r va urush faxriysi Adrianus Jakobus Zuyderlandning Gaagadagi mahalliy xayriya uyida bir necha marta chizishga urinishlaridan biri bo'lgan "Toliqqan" qalam rasmiga asoslangan bo'lib, bir yil avval o'zi chizgan rasm va akvarel tasvirining qayta ishlangan shakli edi[5]. Van Goghni ushbu kartina uchun Hubert von Herkomerning Qirollik akademiyasida "So'nggi yig'in" kartinasi sifatida mashhur bo'lgan, urush faxriysining halok bo'lganini aks ettirgan juda mashhur bosma asari"Chelsi kasalxonasidagi yakshanba kuni" asari ilhomlantirgan. Ushbu kartinani Van Gogh 1875-yilda Angliyada bo'lgan vaqtida ko'rgan[6][7][8][9]. Van Gogh o'zining ushbu asari haqida shunday yozgan[10]:

Bugun va kecha men tirsagi tizzasida, boshi qo‘lida turgan cholning ikkita suratini chizdim. Men buni Schuitemaker tomonidan bir marta qildim va har doim rasmni saqlab qoldim, chunki boshqa safar buni yaxshiroq qilishni xohlardim. Ehtimol, men uning toshbosmasini ham qilaman. Yamoqli bombaz kostyumida, kal boshi bilan ishlaydigan keksa odam qanday ajoyib manzara yaratadi.

Van Goghning toshbosmaga birinchi urinishi moyli tasvirdan ikki kundan keyin sodir bo'ldi. U shunday yozgan[2][11]:

Menimcha, rassom o'z asariga g'oyani kiritishga harakat qilishi shart. Men buni ushbu nashrda aytmoqchi bo'ldim - lekin buni qorong'u oynada ko'rinadigan xira aks etgan haqiqat kabi ajoyib tarzda ayta olmayman - va bu Millet ishongan “yuqorida nimadir” borligiga, ya’ni Xudo va abadiyat borligiga dalili, bu so‘zsiz ta’sirchan xislatdirki, bu kabi keksa odamning o'chog'ining bir chekkasida jimgina o'tirganidan bo'lsa kerak, menga eng kuchli qismlardan biri bo'lib tuyuladi. Shu bilan birga, bu qurtlarga mos kelmaydigan qimmatbaho, olijanob narsa. ... Bu har qanday ilohiyotdan uzoqdir - oddiygina, eng kambag'al o'tinchi, sog'lom fermer yoki konchi unga yaqin bo'lgan abadiy uy hissini beradigan his-tuyg'u va kayfiyat lahzalariga ega bo'lishi mumkin.

Keyinchalik, o'zining diniy his-tuyg'ularini kamdan-kam ifodalashda, u ushbu toshbosma va Zuyderland tomonidan qo'yilgan boshqa ikkita rasm, mos ravishda Muqaddas Kitobni o'qiyotgan va inoyat aytgan cholning rasmlari haqida yozgan[12][13][14]:

Mening bu ikki rasm va birinchi cholni tasvirlash bilan niyatim bir va bir xil, ya'ni Rojdestvo va Yangi yilning o'ziga xos kayfiyatini ifodalash. ... Bunga rozi bo'ladimi yoki yo'qmi, bir chetga qo'ysak, bu samimiy bo'lsa, hurmat qiladigan narsa va o'z navbatida men bunga to'liq sherik bo'lishim va hatto bunga ehtiyoj sezishim mumkin, hech bo'lmaganda, xuddi shunday ma'noda. Bunday keksa odam sifatida men u yerda kim yoki nima bo'lishini aniq bilmasam ham, yuqorida nimadir borligiga ishonaman.

Litografning yettita taassurotlari ma'lum bo'lib, ulardan biriga "Abadiyat darvozasida" izohi berilgan. Xuddi shu mavzu 1883-yilda o'tirgan ayolning ikkita tadqiqotida qayta ko'rib chiqiladi.

2021-yilda Gollandiyada 1910-yildan beri shaxsiy kolleksiyadagi rasm Van Gogh muzeyi tomonidan "Toliqqan" kartinasining qalam chizmasining dastlabki tadqiqoti sifatida tasdiqlandi va namoyish etildi[15][16]. Van Gogh muzeyi ilgari bir muncha vaqt davomida ushbu tadqiqot mavjudligidan xabardor edi[17].

Sharh

Amerikalik ilohiyotshunos Kathleen Powers Erickson 1998-yilda At Eternity's Gate haqida yozar ekan[18]:

"Qabr ortidagi hayot"ga ishonish Van Goghning "Abadiyat darvozasida" deb nomlangan birinchi toshbosma asarida markaziy o'rin tutadi ... Ushbu asarda 1882-yilda Gaagada o'ldirilgan, boshi qo'llari orasida turgan, olov yonida o'tirgan chol tasvirlangan. Van Gogh umrining oxiriga kelib, Sankt-Remidagi boshpanada sog'ayib ketayotib, bu tasvirni moyda qayta yaratdi. Qo'llarini mushtlagan holda yuzga egilib, g'am-g'ussaga botgan inson. Shubhasiz, agar kartinaga Van Gogh ingliz tilidagi "Abadiyat darvozasida" nomini bermaganida, asarda umidsizlik tasviri paydo bo'lardi. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, hatto eng chuqur qayg'u va og'riqli damlarda ham Van Gogh o'z asarida ifoda etishga harakat qilgan Xudoga va abadiylikka ishonishga talpingan. ...

Ibtido

Doktor Feliks Rey portreti (F500, JH1659), tuvalga moyli bo'yalgan 1889-yil, Pushkin muzeyi[19]. Rey bu portretini yoqtirmadi va uni berib yubordi[20].

Vinsent van Gogh hayotining so'nggi ikki yilida qandaydir ruhiy kasallikdan aziyat chekdi. Arlesdagi kasalxonasida 1888-yil 24-dekabrda Van Gogh olib borilganda qo'yilgan rasmiy tashxis “umumiy delirium bilan o‘tkir maniya” edi[21]. Kasalxonaning yosh stajyori doktor Feliks Rey ham Van Goghning tashxisida ruhiy epilepsiya sifatida tavsiflangan "tutqanoqning bir turi" ni taklif qildi[22].

Bugungi kunda Van Gogh kasalligining zamonaviy tashxisi bo'yicha kelishuv mavjud emas. Bu bo'yicha epilepsiya va maniakal-depressiv psixoz takliflari mavjud bo'lib, haddan tashqari absinthe (spirtli ichimlik turi) ichish, chekish va venerologik kasalliklar bilan kuchayishi mumkinligi haqida taxminlar bor. Kasallik alomatlari xilma-xil bo'lgan, lekin eng og'ir ko'rinishlarida ular sarosimaga tushish va bo'yash, chizish va xat yozishni unutish kabi ongni yo'qotish holatlarini o'z ichiga olgan[23][24]. Aynan shunday xuruj uni birinchi marta Arlesdagi kasalxonaga yotqizishga sabab bo'lgan va keyinroq qaytarilgandan so'ng, 1889-yil may oyida u o'zini Saint-Rémydagi boshpanaga topshirdi va u yerda 1890-yil mayigacha qoldi.


  1. ↑ „Treurende oude man ('At Eternity's Gate') - Kröller-Müller Museum“. 2013-yil 28-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 13-iyun.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 „To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  3. ↑ Hulsker, Jan. The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches. Random House, 1986 — 444 bet. ISBN 0-517-44867-X. 
  4. ↑ de la Faille, Jacob Baart. The Works of Vincent van Gogh. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1970 — 274 bet. OCLC 300160639. 
  5. ↑ „To Theo van Gogh. Etten, mid-September 1881“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  6. ↑ von Herkomer. „The Last Muster“. Lady Lever Art Gallery. 2012-yil 23-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  7. ↑ Korda. „The Streets as Art Galleries: Hubert Herkomer, William Powell Frith, and the Artistic Advertisement“. Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide.
  8. ↑ Naifeh, Steven. Van Gogh: The Life. Random House, 2011 — 318 bet. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9. 
  9. ↑ „Notes 233“. Van Gogh: The Life. VanGoghBiography.com.
  10. ↑ „To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Friday, 24 November 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  11. ↑ „Notes 341, 342“. Van Gogh: The Life. VanGoghBiography.com.
  12. ↑ „Letter 294: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 and about Monday, 18 December 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  13. ↑ Hulsker (1980) p. 69.
  14. ↑ Erickson (1998) p. 77.
  15. ↑ Brown, Mark. „Pencil drawing of old man identified as Van Gogh work“. The Guardian (2021-yil 16-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 16-sentyabr.
  16. ↑ Bailey, Martin (16 September 2021). "New Van Gogh discovery: first version of despairing man that was bought for £6—and then hidden away for more than a century". The Art Newspaper. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/blog/van-gogh-discovery-the-first-version-of-worn-out-drawing. Qaraldi: 20 September 2021. Abadiyat darvozasida]]
  17. ↑ Meedendorp, Teio (October 2021). "Study for 'Worn out': a newly discovered Van Gogh drawing". The Burlington Magazine 163: 918 (n. 5). https://issuu.com/burlington/docs/meedendorp_140921. Qaraldi: 20 September 2021. Abadiyat darvozasida]]
  18. ↑ Erickson, Kathleen Powers. At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent Van Goh, 1998. ISBN 9780802849786. 
  19. ↑ Brooks, D. „Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 23-fevral.
  20. ↑ Brooks, D. „Dr. Félix Rey, interviewed by Max Braumann (1928)“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 23-fevral.
  21. ↑ „Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-fevral.
  22. ↑ Naifeh and Smith (2011), 701 ff., 729, 749
  23. ↑ Hulsker (1980), 390
  24. ↑ Naifeh and Smith (2011), 707 ff., 814 - 816
  • Hubert von Herkomer - Sunday at the Chelsea Hospital (1871), also known as The Last Muster
    Hubert von Herkomer - Sunday at the Chelsea Hospital (1871), also known as The Last Muster
  • Prayer Before the Meal, pencil, black chalk, ink, heightened with white, December 1882, Private collection, Switzerland (F 1002, JH 281).[1]
    Prayer Before the Meal, pencil, black chalk, ink, heightened with white, December 1882, Private collection, Switzerland (F 1002, JH 281).[1]
  • Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Out'), (F863, JH34), watercolor, 1881, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam[2]
    Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Out'), (F863, JH34), watercolor, 1881, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam[2]
  • Worn Out (F997, JH267), pencil on watercolor paper, 1882, Van Gogh Museum
    Worn Out (F997, JH267), pencil on watercolor paper, 1882, Van Gogh Museum
  • Old Man with his Head in his Hands ("At Eternity's Gate") (F1662, JH268), lithograph, 1882, various collections, including Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, whose version illustrated is annotated by the artist in ink at lower left: At Eternity's Gate
    Old Man with his Head in his Hands ("At Eternity's Gate") (F1662, JH268), lithograph, 1882, various collections, including Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, whose version illustrated is annotated by the artist in ink at lower left: At Eternity's Gate
  • Sorrowful old man (F998, JH269) pencil, black lithographic crayon, wash, white opaque watercolour, on watercolour paper, 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum[3]
    Sorrowful old man (F998, JH269) pencil, black lithographic crayon, wash, white opaque watercolour, on watercolour paper, 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum[3]
  • Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket (F1060, JH326), black lithographic crayon, grey wash, white and grey opaque watercolour, traces of squaring, on watercolour paper, 1883, Kröller-Müller Museum[4]
    Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket (F1060, JH326), black lithographic crayon, grey wash, white and grey opaque watercolour, traces of squaring, on watercolour paper, 1883, Kröller-Müller Museum[4]
  • Weeping Woman (F1069, JH325), Black and white chalk, with brush and stumping, brush and black and grey wash, and traces of graphite, over a brush and brown ink underdrawing on ivory wove paper, 1883, Art Institute of Chicago.[5]
    Weeping Woman (F1069, JH325), Black and white chalk, with brush and stumping, brush and black and grey wash, and traces of graphite, over a brush and brown ink underdrawing on ivory wove paper, 1883, Art Institute of Chicago.[5]

Yana qarang

  • Vinsent van Gog asarlari ro'yxati

Manbalar

  1. ↑ „Letter 294: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 and about Monday, 18 December 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  2. ↑ Brooks, D. „Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Out')“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 19-fevral.
  3. ↑ „Sorrowful old man“. Kröller-Müller Museum. 2011-yil 1-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.
  4. ↑ „Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket“. Kröller-Müller Museum. 2013-yil 22-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.
  5. ↑ „Weeping Woman“. Art Institute of Chicago. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.

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