Webster School (Washington, D.C.)

Webster School
Webster School in 2023
General information
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival
Location	940 H Street NW Washington, D.C., U.S.
Coordinates	38.899643°N 77.025685°W / 38.899643; -77.025685
Completed	1882
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Unknown (possibly Edward Clark)
Designations
D.C. Inventory of Historic Sites
Designated	February 25, 1999

The Webster School, also called the Daniel Webster School, is a historic building located at 940 H Street NW^[1] in Washington, D.C.

History

New schools after the Civil War

Prior to the Civil War, most students in Washington, D.C., attended schools in small wooden buildings. After the war, a city-wide project of building permanent schools began. The local government's engineer commissioner and staff from the Office of the Building Inspector designed schoolhouses throughout the city. They were built a couple of blocks apart to accommodate a small number of students. These buildings were composed of mostly eight to twelve rooms, made of red brick, designed in the Romanesque Revival style, and were two-to-three stories. Some of these were built as high schools and normal schools, but most were intended for younger students.^[2]

John B. Brady designed many of the schools, and Adolf Cluss designed some of the more elaborate ones, such as the Franklin School and Charles Sumner School. Many of the designs were approved by Edward Clark, who served as Architect of the Capitol from 1865 to 1902. The schools were designed to blend in with the surrounding area at the time. They often had a simple interior layout, but architectural elements including towers, terra cotta trim, and finials were added to the exterior.

Twelve-room schoolhouses grew less popular as they were more expensive to build and maintain. The eight-room version became the standard design for the city's schools in the 1880s. The somewhat simple box design of these buildings was not without critics. An article in the Evening Star called them "unattractive if not ugly...mere boxes of brick without any pretensions to beauty." The local government eventually allowed private architects to design some of the schools.

Webster School

School and office space

When the Webster School was built in 1882, it only served the neighborhood's white students, due to segregation laws. Although the architect is unknown, the design for the three-story building was signed by Clark in 1881, meaning he either designed the school himself or approved it. Bright and Humphrey, a firm responsible for the Pension Building, constructed the school. The school was named in honor of Daniel Webster, a prominent lawyer and statesman who served in the Senate and as Secretary of State.

The school served students until a decrease in the neighborhood's population led to its closure in the 1920s. A few years later in 1924, the building became home to the Americanization School, a place where recent immigrants could learn how to culturally assimilate. The Americanization program was so popular that during the 1946-47 school year almost 500 students attended classes required for naturalization and around 2,200 people attended classes to learn English. The Americanization School remained in the building until 1949.

The following year, the building became office space for the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS). In 1963, the building was converted into the Girls' Junior-Senior High School, which provided education for single mothers. This was a groundbreaking program locally and it lasted for several years. The building later housed classrooms for students requiring special education, before reverting to DCPS offices.

Later history

In 1995 there were plans for the Hotel Association of Washington and the Restaurant Association of Metropolitan Washington to buy the property, but after the school superintendent who had promised the group they could purchase the building was fired, the deal ended. The intention was to open a "hospitality high school" to train local students who wanted to work in hotels and restaurants. The plan was praised by some industry and government officials, but criticized by others who didn't think students should be trained for the service industry. The reason the Webster School had been chosen was because it was centrally located to many hotels and near a new convention center. At the time, DCPS planned to sell the property due to low department funds.

In 1997, the property was appraised at $2,500,000. The appraiser suggested the best use of the "highest and best use" property was demolition so a new building could replace it. In 1998, the Culinary Arts Group (CAG) offered $2,000,000 for the property, and the deal was finalized the following year, beating an offer by the United States Secret Service (USSS) whose headquarters wraps around the east and south sides of the school. CAG planned to demolish the building on December 11, 1999, alarming historic preservationists when they heard about the raze permit. Within 48 hours, the D.C. Preservation League prepared a historic landmark application in hopes of stopping the demolition.

This led to a long bureaucratic and legal battle between the two groups. CAG eventually sold the property to the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU), who continued the legal battle.

The Webster School was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on February 25, 1999. The reasons for the landmark designation was because the building is "a good representative example of the larger red brick public schools designed by the Office of the Building Inspector during the late nineteenth century", "the home of the Americanization School during that institution's most significant period", and "one of the last public schools remaining in downtown Washington, providing physical evidence of the residential neighborhoods and ethnic groups that were once an important part of the downtown community." At the time of the building's landmark designation, there were 97 surviving schools buildings in Washington, D.C., built before 1930, just a fraction of the original number. Many of the schools that once dotted downtown have been demolished to make way for office buildings and other projects.

Location and design

The Webster School is located on the southeast corner of 10th and H Streets NW at 940 H Street NW, between Chinatown to the east, and downtown to the west. The building is on Lot 375, Square 822, and the total land area is 8,455 square feet (785 sq m). Across the street to the west is the Grand Hyatt Washington, to the north CityCenterDC, and to the east and south, the Secret Service headquarters.

The building is three floors in addition to a basement level, made of red brick, and designed in the Romanesque Revival style. It is one of the more rare three-story schools that were built. Although basically a brick box viewed from the street, the building is U-shaped, with the open area facing the Secret Service headquarters. The north side of the building facing H Street NW is 84 feet (25.6 m) long. The west side facing 10th Street NW is 107 feet (32.6 m) long. The original entrances are still on both 10th and H Streets NW, but the side entrance in the alley has been covered with bricks.

There is a sidewalk on the north and west sides of the building, with a larger setback on 10th Street NW to allow for plants. The hip roof is made of slate. Despite its simple appearance, there are architectural elements on the exterior that liven the design. Corbelled cornices and a metal parapet are along the top of the building. The building's façade faces 10th Street NW. This side of the building is broken up into three pavilions and the central pavilion is where the main entrance is located.

A dual staircase leads from the sidewalk to the main entrance. There are architectural elements surrounding the door, including patterned bricks, a brick arch, and rosettes on stone imposts. Above the entrance and below the third floor window is the school's name in stone inscription. The paired sash windows of the central pavilion differ from the remaining windows. These measure 12/12 with a bricked arch above the third floor window. The remaining windows are single sash measuring 9/9. The casement windows on the basement level are rectangular.

The interior layout features four classrooms with adjoining cloakrooms on each floor and a central hallway. Located in the hallway is a lounge area on each floor. In total there were originally twelve rooms. The original layout of some of the classrooms was altered when it was used for office space. There is iron cresting at the top of the stairwell landing on the third floor.

Notes

1. ^ Also known as 723-29 10th Street NW
2. ^ The historic landmark designation form can be found at the bottom of the linked page in pdf format.

External links

• Media related to Webster School at Wikimedia Commons