V & SAR The Overland carriages: Difference between revisions
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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}{{Infobox Train
| name = Victorian & South Australian Railways Overland carriages
| interiorimage =
| interiorcaption =
| manufacturer = [[South Australian Railways]]▼
| factory = [[Islington Workshops]]
| refurbishment = ▼
| operator = [[South Australian Railways]], [[Australian National Railways]], [[Australian National]], [[Victorian Railways]], [[V/Line]], [[Great Southern Railway]], [[Heritage railway|various heritage operators]]
| yearconstruction = 1950-1972
| service = 1950-current
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt =
| numberservice =
| numberscrapped =
| carbody = {{convert|75|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}
| carlength = {{convert|78|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|9|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|13|ft|6.0625|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| art-sections = [[Gangway connection|Rubber corridor connectors]]
| doors = Manual swing, 2 per side
| maxspeed = {{convert|115|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| aux =
| powersupply = Axle generators, later head end power 415vAC
| bogies = {{convert|53|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} centres
| brakes = Westinghouse
| coupling = Autocouplers
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on}} & {{Track gauge|4ft8.5in|lk=on}}
}}
==Design==▼
{{Infobox train
| background =
| name =
| image =
| imagesize =
Line 12 ⟶ 56:
| interiorcaption =
| service =
▲| manufacturer =
▲| factory =
▲| family =
▲| refurbishment =
| replaced =
| yearconstruction = 1950-1970
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 16
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| formation =
| fleetnumbers = 1-3AJ, 1-10BJ, 1-3RBJ, Club Car No.1-3, 1-3CCL
| capacity = 48 1st class passengers (AJ)</br>64 2nd class passengers (BJ)</br>34 2nd class passengers (RBJ)</br>43 1st class passengers (Club Car/CCL)
| operator =
| depots =
| lines =
|
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors =
| art-sections =
| weight = {{convert|48.35|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (AJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.63">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.63</ref></br>{{convert|45.7|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (BJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.99">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.99</ref></br>{{convert|45.1|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (RBJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.223">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.223</ref></br>{{convert|42.25|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (CCL/Club Car)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.151">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.151</ref>
}}{{Infobox train
| background =
| name = Sleeping Cars (Named, later SJ, JRA, JRB, JTA, JTB, BMC, RZEY, QCAY, CDAY, ADFY)
| image =
| imagesize =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| interiorimage =
| interiorimagealt =
| interiorcaption =
| service =
| replaced =
| yearconstruction = 1949-1972
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 22
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved = 4
| numberscrapped =
|
| fleetnumbers = Allambi, Chalaki, Dorai, Juki, Kuldalai, Malkari, Mokai, Mururi, Nanjuri, Nomuldi, Paiti, Purpawi, Tantini, Tarkinji, Tawarri, Weroni, Yankai, Yanni, Sleeping cars No.11-14, SJ281-284, JRA 1-6, JRB 1 & 2, JTA 1-6, JTB 1-4, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Forrest,
▲| carlength =
| capacity = 20 sleeping passengers, either Roomette or Twinette style. Twinette cars could seat 30 passengers in 'day mode'.
▲| width =
|
| depots =
| lines =
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
▲| art-sections =
| doors =
|
| weight = {{convert|52|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} <ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.243-244, 246-251">Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.63</ref></br>{{convert|45.7|LT|t|2|abbr=on}} (BJ)<ref name="Bray, Vincent 2009, p.243-244, 246-251">
▲| weight =
▲| capacity =
▲| aux =
▲| powersupply =
▲| hvac =
▲| bogies =
▲| brakes =
}}
▲==Design==
From 1949 ''[[The Overland]]'' moved into the modern era, with new air-conditioned [[Corten steel]] carriages gradually entering service, in maroon with a fluted stainless steel panel on each side and a black roof. This livery remained until the 1990s.
Line 223 ⟶ 286:
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{South Australian Railways locos|state=collapsed}}
{{VRLocos|state=collapsed}}
|
Revision as of 16:11, 20 December 2016
Victorian & South Australian Railways Overland carriages | |
---|---|
In service | 1950-current |
Manufacturer | South Australian Railways |
Built at | Islington Workshops |
Constructed | 1950-1972 |
Operators | South Australian Railways, Australian National Railways, Australian National, Victorian Railways, V/Line, Great Southern Railway, various heritage operators |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | 75 ft (22.86 m) |
Car length | 78 ft 3 in (23.85 m) |
Width | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) |
Height | 13 ft 6.0625 in (4.12 m) |
Doors | Manual swing, 2 per side |
Articulated sections | Rubber corridor connectors |
Maximum speed | 115 km/h (71 mph) |
Power supply | Axle generators, later head end power 415vAC |
Bogies | 53 ft (16.15 m) centres |
Braking system(s) | Westinghouse |
Coupling system | Autocouplers |
Track gauge | 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) & 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
Design
Sitting cars (AJ, BJ, RBJ & CCL) | |
---|---|
Constructed | 1950-1970 |
Number built | 16 |
Fleet numbers | 1-3AJ, 1-10BJ, 1-3RBJ, Club Car No.1-3, 1-3CCL |
Capacity | 48 1st class passengers (AJ) 64 2nd class passengers (BJ) 34 2nd class passengers (RBJ) 43 1st class passengers (Club Car/CCL) |
Specifications | |
Weight | 48.35 long tons (49.13 t) (AJ)[1] 45.7 long tons (46.43 t) (BJ)[2] 45.1 long tons (45.82 t) (RBJ)[3] 42.25 long tons (42.93 t) (CCL/Club Car)[4] |
{{Infobox train
| background =
| name = Sleeping Cars (Named, later SJ, JRA, JRB, JTA, JTB, BMC, RZEY, QCAY, CDAY, ADFY)
| image =
| imagesize =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| interiorimage =
| interiorimagealt =
| interiorcaption =
| service =
| replaced =
| yearconstruction = 1949-1972
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 22
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved = 4
| numberscrapped =
| formation =
| fleetnumbers = Allambi, Chalaki, Dorai, Juki, Kuldalai, Malkari, Mokai, Mururi, Nanjuri, Nomuldi, Paiti, Purpawi, Tantini, Tarkinji, Tawarri, Weroni, Yankai, Yanni, Sleeping cars No.11-14, SJ281-284, JRA 1-6, JRB 1 & 2, JTA 1-6, JTB 1-4, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Forrest,
| capacity = 20 sleeping passengers, either Roomette or Twinette style. Twinette cars could seat 30 passengers in 'day mode'.
| operator =
| depots =
| lines =
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors =
| art-sections =
| weight = 52 long tons (52.83 t) [5]
45.7 long tons (46.43 t) (BJ)Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the help page).
When the carriage was deemed successful, and additional three Roomette sleepers (Tantini, Mururi and Chalaki), and two Twinette sleepers with a side corridor and ten two-berth compartments. These five entered service in 1950, and with Allambi they displaced some of the E Type carriages which were split between the VR and SAR fleets.
Two further sleeping and six sitting cars were added to the fleet over the next few years, for a total of 14 carriages by the end of 1952.
- Fit HEP 1970
- RBJ 1, 2, 3
- Club Cars could've been RAJ
V&ANR era 1975-1997
In 1975, Australian National (AN) took over the South Australian Railways, and the former SAR share of the carriages was transferred across to AN.
In 1986 ANR introduced a new computerised rollingstock tracking system, with the carriages awarded check letters following the first four letters of their names as the class; for example Yanni was officially known as YANN, with check letter K generated by the algorithm.
In 1987 the names were removed and the carriages were reclassed. The sleepers were split into four groups; JRA and JRB for first and second class roomette carriages, and JTA and JTB for first and second class twinette carriages. First Class carriages were from the original batch built 1949-1958, and Second Class from the 1967-1972 batch.
Between 1987 and 1993, the deployment was thus:-
Shared between V/Line and AN
- AJ cars 1, 2 and 3
- RBJ cars 1, 2 and 3
- BJ cars 4-10
- Club Cars 1, 2 and 3
- Luggage Vans CO 1 and 2
- Power Vans PCO 1 through 4
- JRA cars 1 through 6 were Mururi, Chalaki, Nankuri, Purpawi, Juki and Tarkinji
- JRB cars 1 and 2 were Allambi 2nd and Tantini 2nd
- JTA cars 1 through 6 were Nomuldi, Mokai, Malkari, Paiti (later renamed Sir Hans Heysen), Yanni (later renamed Sir John Forrest) and Kuldalai
- JTB cars 1 through 4 were Tawarri, Yankai, Weroni 2nd and Dorai 2nd
With V/Line for the Vinelander
- Sleeping Cars 11, 13 were Allambi 1st and Tantini 1st; later SJ281, SJ283.
- Sleeping Cars 12, 14 were Dorai 1st and Weroni 1st; later SJ282, SJ284.
With the pending gauge conversion of the Adelaide to Melbourne line in 1994-1996 and falling patronage in any case, the oldest cars were withdrawn from service and onsold. The remaining fleet - the sitting cars and the newest of the sleepers - were converted to standard gauge - Sitting cars AJ 1, 2 and 3, Roomettes JRB 1 and 2, and Twinettes JTB 1, 2, 3 and 4.
In 1993 the Vinelander was withdrawn and the V/Line carriages were placed into storage at Newport Workshops, when V/Line was split into Passenger and Freight divisions in 1995, the cars were retained by the Victorian State Government rather than being allocated to either group.
Dispersal 1995
In 1995 the CO, JRA and JTA cars and power van PCO2 were removed from AN's rolling stock register, marked as withdrawn and scrapped. In actuality they were sold to International Development Services, who onsold the fleet over the next few years. At the same time, power vans PCO1 and PCO3 and Club Car No.1 were sold to V/Line. The latter was renamed Victoria. It is thought that 1CO was successfully sold, but it has been sitting at Islington Railway Workshops for over a decade.[6]
In 1997, JTA4 and JTA5 were sold to Blue Bird Rail, then to Grand Corporate Rail. At some point they were converted to luxury cars, with some bedrooms retained and others converted to an open lounge and dining area; under this form the two became BMC1 and BMC2 respectively. Grand Corporate Rail was forced to stop operating due to the insurance crisis of 2003, so the cars were sold to Great Southern Railway and renamed Sir Hans Heyson and Sir John Forrest in 2003.[7][8][9]
In 1998, JTA6 was privately purchased, and is now under restoration as a static display on private property.
Also in 1998, West Coast Railway purchased cars PCO 2, CO 2, JRA 1, 3 and 4, and JTA 1 and 3. They were transferred to Melbourne on standard gauge bogies, then railed to Ballarat North Workshops for reconditioning and use on excursion trips. When West Coast Railway folded in 2004 the cars were dispersed by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company. PCO2 was immediately sold to V/Line; in 2009 it was reconditioned and renumbered PCJ493, and it now operates with PCJ491 and 492 (ex PCO 1 and 3) on the standard gauge service from Melbourne to Albury.[10] After PCO2, the next two sold were JTA1 and JRA3, also in 2004. JTA1 was sold privately, then again in 2012 and is now under restoration on private property in Kyneton. CO2 and JRA3 were sold to Rail Experience and held at South Geelong yard, then moved to Newport Workshops in 2012.
In 2007, JRA1, JRA4 and JTA3 were sold by the Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company to Bluebird Rail Operations. Around the same time, Bluebird acquired JRA2. All four were refurbished as crew cars, and they re-entered service in the period 2008-2010 as, respectively, RZEY 1, 4 and 3, and QCAY 2; the latter for Queensland Rail.[11]
Not much information is available for JRA5 or JTA2 immediately following their purchase by Bluebird Rail.[12][13] At some point JTA2 was sold to Genesee & Wyoming Australia, and JRA5 was sold to Queensland Rail as QCAY5.
GSR era 1997-2010
On 1 November 1997, the remaining passenger services operated by Australian National were sold to Great Southern Rail (GSR).[14] The sale included the standard gauge Overland passenger fleet - two roomette, four twinette sleepers; three first-class and six second-class sitting cars, three composite second-class sitting with buffet cars and two club cars. Power van PCO4 was also included in the sale, but at the time it was on broad gauge for the short-lived Explorer train, in a dark blue livery with wide yellow bands. It was converted to standard gauge in 1998 and given quick coat of grey paint.[15][16]
In 1999 the carriages were refurbished and repainted to a plain grey scheme at Keswick, and most of the cars had names applied, recycled from the sleeping carriages. Respectively, 5BJ through 10BJ became Mururu, Nankuri, Purpawi (sic), Chalaki and Tarkinji, and PCO 4 became Paite (sic). The three RBJ cars were all named Kookaburra Club Car; the Club Cars 2 and 3 were classed CCL and named Nomuldi and Malkari. AJ1, 2 and 3, RBJ1, RBJ3 and 4BJ were not named following their refurbishment; and shortly afterwards Chalaki was renamed Kildalai (sic). In 2003 Purpawi was corrected to Purwapi.
Then, in 2002-2003, the fleet was sold to a third party consortium and leased back for operational purposes.[17]
A second refurbishment was undertaken in 2006-2007, applicable mainly to the second-class sitting cars. Retention toilets were fitted, with the male toilets shifted to the former ladies' toilet, and the latter shifted into the former powder room. The original male toilets were converted into showers, allowing the cars to be used on The Ghan and Indian Pacific services if and as necessary. At this time RBJ3 was refitted again, this time named Cafe 828. Similarly, CCL2 "Nomuldi" was upgraded to the "Charles Sturt" Outback Explorer lounge car, re-entering service in 2008; and PCO4 had its name removed, along with door replacements and a general overhaul.[18]
In 2010, GSR was looking at selling parts of the fleet for use as crew cars by other operators.
Current status
In 2011, 8BJ "Mokai", CCL3 "Malkari", RBJ1 and RBJ2 and JRB2 were sold to Genesee & Wyoming Australia and converted to crew cars ADFY1 through 5.[19][20][21]
JRB1 was sold to Pacific National and renumbered RZEY2, slotting between RZEY1, 3 and 4. The original RZEY gap was left for Aurizon's QCAY2.
AJ1-3 were also sold though their current ownership is unclear.[22]
As of 2016, the V/Line Passenger Network Service Plan Addenda[23] lists these vehicles as accredited for operation in Victoria:
- Great Southern Rail: BJ4-10, BMC2, CCL2, JTB1-4, PCO4 & RBJ3, all Standard Gauge only.
- Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, leased to V/Line & 707 Operations: JTA6 "Kuldalai"
- Steamrail Victoria, leased to V/Line: SJ283. The Steamrail website also lists SJ282.[24]
- V/Line Passenger: PCJ491, 492. 493 is not listed even though it has been part of the fleet since 2009.
Other vehicles were deployed thus:
- Pacific National: RZEY1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Aurizon: QCAY2 and QCAY5.
- CFCL Australia: CDAY1; also AJ1, AJ2, AJ3 stored stripped, not yet converted to crew cars.[25]
- Genesee & Wyoming Australia: ADFY1-5, JRA6 and JTA2.
- VicTrack Heritage: Victoria
- 707 Operations: SJ284[26]
- Static displays: JTA1 Nomuldi (private), JTA6 Kuldalai (private), Allambi (National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide)
- Privately owned, stored at Newport Workshops: 2CO, JRA3
- Held at Islington Railway Workshops: 1CO
Fleet Details
First Class Sitting - AJ
1AJ, 2AJ, 3AJ
Second Class Sitting - BJ
1BJ, 2BJ, 3BJ, 4BJ, 5BJ, 6BJ, 7BJ, 8BJ, 9BJ, 10BJ
Second Class Sitting with Buffet - BRJ
1BRJ, 2BRJ, 3BRJ
Club cars
Club Car No.1, Club Car No.3, Club Car No.3
Sleeping cars
When The Overland service was converted from E type carriages to a new steel, fully airconditioned train, eight new sleeping cars were built. The interiors of these new cars were of a more modern design than the older cars. The roomette cars had a zigzag corridor instead of a straight one, and the compartments had the shape of a trapezium. This enabled the use of the toilet and washbasin units while the bed was still down, not possible in the older roomettes.
In 1949 the classleader, Allambi, entered service, followed by Tantini, Weroni, Dorai, Mururi and Chalaki in 1950 and Nomuldi and Mokai in 1951. Of those, Allambi, Tantini, Mururi and Chalaki were roomette cars with zigzag corridors; the other four were standard compartment-style twinette cars.
The sleeping cars were of two types. Twinette cars had two-berth compartments (as had the E and Mann cars before them), but each compartment had an adjoining toilet and shower room; roomette cars had single-berth compartments either side of a central aisle, and a shower room at the end of the car.[27] The new cars were not numbered, but instead given names based on Aboriginal words related to sleep or dreams.
Additional carriages were built a few years later, with Roomettes Nankuri and Purpawi in 1955, Twinettes Tolkini (later Malkari) and Tandeni (later Paiti) in 1956, Twinettes Yanni and Kuldalai in 1957 and Roomettes Juki and Tarkinji in 1958.
Two further cars were built in 1967, Twinettes Tawarri and Yankai,[28][29] for a total fleet of eighteen. These last two had a slightly different interior layout.
In 1971, the SAR's share in roomette cars Allambi and Tantini and twinette cars Dorai and Weroni[30][31][32][33] was sold to the Victorian Railways for use on the Vinelander to Mildura. They were repainted dark blue and their names removed; these names were then applied to the same type of new cars built to replace them.
The new sleepers, Weroni and Dorai (1971) and Allambi and Tantini (1972) were built with the altered interior matching the 1967 batch (though Allambi and Tantini were still roomettes).[34]
Under Victorian Railways, the cars had blue painted where maroon had previously been used, with Vinelander nameplates on the carriage sides in place of the names. The cars were numbered as Sleepers No.11 through 14, previously Allambi, Tantini, Weroni and Dorai. The New Deal in 1983 saw the four Victorian Railways Sleeper carriages renumbered to SJ 281 through 284, and the carriages were repainted again, this time with orange replacing the blue, and with V/Line logos on plates fitted to the left ends.
Power vans
In the early 1970's The Overland required head end power for air conditioning and lighting. Prior to this time, all electrical power had been supplied by axle-driven generators. As a result, the two railways between them built four PCO vans, numbered 1 - 4, in 1970. They were Joint Stock vehicles owned and maintained jointly by the VR and SAR, and their later, respective incarnations of VicRail and V/Line (VR), and Australian National (SAR). Each had two 162.5 kilowatts (217.9 hp) diesel generators and could carry 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) of luggage. In 1990 the V/Line N class locomotives, which had their own head end power units, took over hauling the Overland and the PCO vans were put into storage.
In 1995, V/Line and Australian National took full ownership of two vans each. V/Line took PCOs 1 and 3, which it renumbered PCJ 491 and 492 respectively, and AN took PCOs 2 and 4. PCO 2 remained in storage until was purchased by West Coast Railway in 1998. When West Coast Railway ceased operation in 2004 it was acquired by V/Line and in 2009 was refurbished and renumbered to PCJ 493.[35] All three PCJ vans were converted to standard gauge in 2011 for use on the V/Line Albury service. Australian National used PCO4 on the short-lived Explorer tour train in South Australia and converted to standard gauge for use again on The Overland. It was completely refurbished in 2007 with new diesel generator sets.
Luggage vans
In 1970 two Joint Stock guards vans were built for the Melbourne to Adelaide The Overland service. They were coded CO, and remained in use until 1994, when they were transferred to Australian National. Both vans were written off of the shared V/Line and Australian National rollingstock register in 1995.[36]
2CO was sold to West Coast Railway in 1998 and transferred to Melbourne in early December of that year. However, there is no evidence that it was ever restored or utilised by that group. In 2004, when West Coast Railway shut down, the carriage was sold to Australian Loco & Railway Carriage Company for the Murraylander service, but quickly passed on to the Geelong-based group Rail Experience.[37]
Model railways
HO Scale
Lima
Lima produced approximations of these carriages.
Trainbuilder
Trainbuilder has produced a brass range of the Overland carriages.[38]
The first series were released as parts of complete Overland trains.
In 2016/17, a new batch included pairs of Sleepers 11/13 or 12/14 in Vinelander Blue with silver, or SJ281/283 or SJ282/S84 in V/Line Orange and Grey. Pairs of cars sell for $950/pack.
References
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.63
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.99
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.223
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.151
- ^ Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9775056-8-5, p.63
- ^ "Photo - Information - Chris Drymalik - Digital Camera - cd_p1003557".
- ^ ""Tandeni" -- "Paiti" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ ""Yanni" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ "Bluebird Railcars".
- ^ "Vicsig - Photos".
- ^ ""Chalaki" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ ""Juki" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ ""Mokai" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ Great Southern Railway Consortium completes acquisition of Australian National Railways Passenger Business Serco Group 31 October 1997
- ^ "Photo - Information - Chris Drymalik - 35mm - cd_p0110866".
- ^ "Photo - Information - Chris Drymalik - Digital Camera - cd_p1003400".
- ^ ""Dorai" - V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car".
- ^ "PCO Power/Guards Vans - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ "BJ Second Class Sitting Cars - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ "RBJ Second Class Refreshment Cars - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ "Crew Cars".
- ^ "AJ First Class Sitting Cars - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ https://corporate.vline.com.au/getattachment/16cd1a7a-2973-4631-80fc-b6218b9ef990/Addenda
- ^ "Steamrail Victoria".
- ^ "Log into Facebook - Facebook".
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ Services, PAGINATION Design. "- 707 Operations Inc - Mainline Steam Train Trips in Victoria".
- ^ Commonwealth Railways had showers in some sleeping cars from 1919
- ^ Tawarri – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Yankai – V&SAR Joint Stock Steel Sleeping Car Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Allambi Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Tantini Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Dorai Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Weroni Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ Comrails: Steel V&SAR Joint Stock Carriages Chris' Commonwealth Railways Pages
- ^ "Wongm's Rail Gallery - PCJ van transfer to and from Ballarat". wongm.railgeelong.com. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
- ^ "CO Guards Van - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ "CO Guards Van - V&SAR Joint Stock".
- ^ "Trainbuilder".