Transport in Venezuela: Difference between revisions

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Transport in Venezuela revolves around a system of highways and airports. Venezuela is connected to the world primarily via air (Venezuela's airports include the Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas and La Chinita International Airport near Maracaibo) and sea (with major seaports at La Guaira, Maracaibo and Puerto Cabello). In the south and east the Amazon rainforest region has limited cross-border transport; in the west, there is a mountainous border of over 1,375 miles (2,213 km) shared with Colombia. The Orinoco River is navigable by oceangoing vessels up to 400 km inland, and connects the major industrial city of Ciudad Guayana to the Atlantic Ocean.

Venezuela has a limited national railway system, which has no active rail connections to other countries. Several major cities have metro systems; the Caracas Metro has been operating since 1983. The Maracaibo Metro and Valencia Metro were opened more recently. Venezuela has a road network of around 100,000 km (placing it around 47th in the world); around a third of roads are paved.

As of 2019, about 80% of public transportation is not operational within the country.^[1]

Railways[edit]

total: 7000 km (?) (248 km privately owned, including Orinoco Mining Company)
standard gauge: 682 km (40 km electrified) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (^[2])

Cities with underground railway systems[edit]

Caracas (El Metro de Caracas, operated by C.A. Metro de Caracas^[3])
Los Teques Metro - opened in 2006.
Maracaibo Metro - opened in 2006.
Valencia Metro (Venezuela) - opened in 2006.

Railway links with adjoining countries[edit]

Guyana - no
Brazil - no
- Brazil
Colombia - yes, but inoperative (Railroad of Cúcuta) - proposed rebuilding
- Colombia

Maps[edit]

Encarta^[4]

Standards[edit]

Gauge: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Coupling: AAR
Brakes: Air
Electrification: 25 kV AC 60 Hz

Stations[edit]

Timeline[edit]

2006[edit]

Venezuela awards contracts worth $2.2 billion to build two new railway lines. Construction on the two new lines connecting San Juan de los Morros to San Fernando de Apure and connecting Chaguaramas to Cabruta is expected to begin in Q2 2006 and is expected to take six years to complete. April 2006 in rail transport.
In October 2006, Venezuela opened a new Caracas-Cúa railway, the first new railway in the country for 70 years^[5]
"Towards the end of this month, we would have final discussions with Mittal Steel," said Mr Kapur, adding that the initial discussions took place in March.^{[citation needed]} Moreover, Ircon is also likely to construct a new rail line in Venezuela at an estimated cost of $350 million.

2008[edit]

On August 23, 2008, a deal was signed between Argentina (Argentina), Brazil (Brazil) and Venezuela to develop an electrified railway link between these countries. A minor hurdle is the use of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
July 5 - meeting between Venezuela, Colombia (Colombia) and Ecuador (Ecuador) regarding a railway for freight and passengers to link the three countries, and linking the Pacific with the Atlantic also.

2009[edit]

March 2009 - China to help build new network ^[6]

Highways[edit]

Automobile transport is encouraged by the fact that Venezuela has the lowest petrol prices in the world, at $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter).^[7] In some cases, petrol is less expensive than bottled water.^[7]

total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (1997 est.)

Motorways[edit]

Venezuela has a fairly developed motorway network, certainly more developed than in most of South American nations. It is especially operative in the Northern and Western parts of the country, connecting the main cities of the country. The following roads feature at least 4 lanes and double carriageway:

Autopista Barquisimeto - Acarigua. It runs from Barquisimeto through Cabudare to Acarigua. Its length is 70 km.
Autopista Caracas - La Guaira. It runs from Caracas to the Maiquetía International Airport and La Guaira. It extends for 30 km.
Autopista Cimarrón Andresote. It runs from Barquisimeto through San Felipe and Morón. Its length is 125 km.
Autopista Circunvalación del Este. It runs from Valencia to Naguanagua. Its length is 13 km.
Autopista Circunvalación Norte. It serves as a bypass for Barquisimeto. Its length is 30 km.
Autopista Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Projected to run from Caracas to Güiria, it is a motorway currently under construction, though parts of it are already in use, including Caracas - Río Chico (98 km.), Caucagua - Higuerote (20 km.), Boca de Uchire - Clarines (43 km.), Píritu - Puerto La Cruz (66 km.) and Santa Fe - Cumaná (52 km).
Autopista José Antonio Páez. It runs from Valencia to Barinas. It also connects the cities of San Carlos, Acarigua and Guanare. It has a length of 336 km.
Autopista Manuel Piar. It connects Ciudad Guayana and Upata. It stretches for 62 km.
Autopista Regional del Centro. It is one of the most important motorways of the country, running between Venezuela's first and third biggest population centres: Caracas and Valencia. It also connects Charallave, Maracay and Guacara. Its length is 160 km.
Autopista San Cristóbal - La Fría. It is a motorway currently under construction, projected to link San Cristóbal and La Fría. Some parts of the motorway are already open, such as San Cristóbal - Palmira (18 km), Lobatera - San Juan de Colón (16 km) and San Félix - La Fría (19 km).
Autopista Simón Bolívar. It links Ciudad Guayana and Puerto Ordaz with Ciudad Bolívar. It has a length of 131 km.
Autopista Valencia - Puerto Cabello. It extends from Guacara, to Puerto Cabello in the Caribbean coast. It has a length of 60 km.
Autopista Valera - Trujillo. It connects the city of Valera with Trujillo. It extends for 34 km.
Autopista Zulia - Lara. It extends from Barquisimeto to Maracaibo, two of the main population centres of Venezuela. It also links Carora, Ciudad Ojeda and Cabimas. It has a length of 293 km.
Avenida Juan Bautista Arismendi. It connects Porlamar and Punta de Piedras. It has a length of 36 km.
Carretera Rafael Caldera. It is a two lane expressway that links Mérida with El Vigía. It has a length of 60 km.
Intercomunal Coro - Punto Fijo. It connects Coro and Punto Fijo. It extends for 79 km.

Waterways[edit]

7,100 km; Rio Orinoco (400 km) and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels

Pipelines[edit]

extra heavy crude 980 km
crude oil 6,694 km
refined products 1,620 km
natural gas 5,347 km (2010)

Ports and harbors[edit]

Air travel[edit]

In 2012, Venezuela had 492 airports.^{[citation needed]}

In 2014, due to difficulty converting bolivars to other currencies, many international airline either cut back or entirely cancelled service to the country. A shortage of seats caused international ticket prices to rise; one report found airfare to Miami more than double the fare to Miami from Bogota in Colombia.^[8]

Airports - with paved runways[edit]

total: 128
over3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 35
914 to 1,523 m: 61
under 914 m: 17 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways[edit]

total: 364
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 55
914 to 1,523 m: 113
under 914 m: 193 (2012)

Heliports[edit]

3 (2012)

Cable car[edit]

Venezuela has had in times the world's highest cable car in operation. The Mérida cable car opened in 1960, connecting Mérida with the top of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida. It was closed indefinitely in 2008, having reached the end of its service life. After an extensive renovation and the renewal of its fleet, operations resumed in 2016.

References[edit]

^ "El 80% del transporte público terrestre en Venezuela está paralizado". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2019-06-13. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
^ Index Mundi: Venezuela Railways
^ C.A. Metro de Caracas
^ Encarta Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
^ VENEZUELA: A Bolivarian railway, by Coral Wynter & Jim McIlroy, Caracas (link) ^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "The Opportunity To Revitalise The Rail Sector". Railwaysafrica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
^ ^a ^b "Venezuela- $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter) - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor. 13 September 2011.
^ Reuters

External links[edit]

Map of transport infrastructures of Venezuela

[1] "El 80% del transporte público terrestre en Venezuela está paralizado". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2019-06-13. Retrieved 2019-06-14.

[2] Index Mundi: Venezuela Railways

[3] C.A. Metro de Caracas

[4] Encarta Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine

[5] VENEZUELA: A Bolivarian railway, by Coral Wynter & Jim McIlroy, Caracas (link) ^{[permanent dead link]}

[6] "The Opportunity To Revitalise The Rail Sector". Railwaysafrica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-07.

[csmonitor1-7] "Venezuela- $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter) - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor. 13 September 2011.

[8] Reuters

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
 {{multiple issues|
 {{original research|date=January 2021}}
-{{outdated|date=June 2019}}
+{{update|date=June 2019}}
 }}
 '''Transport in Venezuela''' revolves around a system of highways and airports. [[Venezuela]] is connected to the world primarily via air ([[List of airports in Venezuela|Venezuela's airports]] include the [[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Simón Bolívar International Airport]] near Caracas and [[La Chinita International Airport]] near [[Maracaibo]]) and sea (with major seaports at [[La Guaira]], Maracaibo and [[Puerto Cabello]]). In the south and east the Amazon rainforest region has limited cross-border transport; in the west, there is a mountainous border of over {{convert|1375|mi}} shared with [[Colombia]]. The [[Orinoco]] River is navigable by oceangoing vessels up to 400&nbsp;km inland, and connects the major industrial city of [[Ciudad Guayana]] to the Atlantic Ocean.
@@ Line 7: / Line 8: @@
 Venezuela has a limited [[Instituto de Ferrocarriles del Estado|national railway system]], which has no active rail connections to other countries. Several major cities have metro systems; the [[Caracas Metro]] has been operating since 1983. The [[Maracaibo Metro]] and [[Valencia Metro (Venezuela)|Valencia Metro]] were opened more recently. Venezuela has a road network of around 100,000&nbsp;km (placing it [[List of countries by road network size|around 47th in the world]]); around a third of roads are paved.
-As of 2019, about 80% of public transportation is not operational within the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/2019/06/13/el-80-del-transporte-publico-terrestre-en-venezuela-esta-paralizado/|title=El 80% del transporte público terrestre en Venezuela está paralizado|date=2019-06-13|website=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
+As of 2019, about 80% of public transportation is not operational within the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/2019/06/13/el-80-del-transporte-publico-terrestre-en-venezuela-esta-paralizado/|title=El 80% del transporte público terrestre en Venezuela está paralizado|date=2019-06-13|website=[[La Patilla]]|language=es-ES|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
 ==Railways==
 {{main|Instituto de Ferrocarriles del Estado}}
-<br>''total:''
+<br />''total:''
 &nbsp;km (?) <!-- Some one please verify --> (248&nbsp;km privately owned, including [[Orinoco Mining Company]])
-<br>''[[standard gauge]]:''
+<br />''[[standard gauge]]:''
 &nbsp;km (40&nbsp;km electrified) {{RailGauge|sg}} (<ref>[http://www.indexmundi.com/venezuela/railways.html Index Mundi: Venezuela Railways]</ref>)
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 * [[Caracas Metro|Caracas]] (El Metro de Caracas, operated by C.A. Metro de Caracas<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000510052101/http://www.metrodecaracas.com.ve/ C.A. Metro de Caracas]</ref>)
 * [[Los Teques Metro]] - opened in 2006.
+* [[Maracaibo Metro]] - opened in 2006.
+* [[Valencia Metro (Venezuela)]] - opened in 2006.
 ===See also===
@@ Line 32: / Line 35: @@
 ===Maps===
-* [[Encarta]] <ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560608_6/venezuela.html Encarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602024413/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560608_6/Venezuela.html |date=2008-06-02 }}</ref>
+* [[Encarta]]<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560608_6/venezuela.html Encarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602024413/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560608_6/Venezuela.html |date=2008-06-02 }}</ref>
 ===Standards===
@@ Line 49: / Line 52: @@
 * Venezuela awards contracts worth $2.2 billion to build two new railway lines.  Construction on the two new lines connecting [[San Juan de los Morros]] to [[San Fernando de Apure]] and connecting [[Chaguaramas, Venezuela|Chaguaramas]] to [[Cabruta]] is expected to begin in Q2 2006 and is expected to take six years to complete. [[April 2006 in rail transport]].
-* In October 2006, Venezuela opened a new [[Caracas]]-[[Cúa]] railway, the first new railway in the country for 70 years<ref>VENEZUELA: A Bolivarian railway, by Coral Wynter & Jim McIlroy, Caracas [http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2006/688/688p24b.htm (link)]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>
+* In October 2006, Venezuela opened a new [[Caracas]]-[[Cúa]] railway, the first new railway in the country for 70 years<ref>VENEZUELA: A Bolivarian railway, by Coral Wynter & Jim McIlroy, Caracas [http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2006/688/688p24b.htm (link)] {{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>
-* "Towards the end of this month, we would have final discussions with [[Mittal Steel Company|Mittal Steel]]," said Mr Kapur, adding that the initial discussions took place in March.{{cite needed|date=September 2019}}  Moreover, [[Ircon]] is also likely to construct a new rail line in Venezuela at an estimated cost of $350 million.
+* "Towards the end of this month, we would have final discussions with [[Mittal Steel Company|Mittal Steel]]," said Mr Kapur, adding that the initial discussions took place in March.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}  Moreover, [[Ircon]] is also likely to construct a new rail line in Venezuela at an estimated cost of $350 million.
 ====2008====
-* On [[August 2008 in rail transport|August 23, 2008]], a deal was signed between [[Transport in Argentina|Argentina]] ([[Rail transport in Argentina|Argentina]]), [[Transport in Brazil|Brazil]] ([[Rail transport in Brazil|Brazil]]) and Venezuela to develop an electrified railway link between these countries.  A minor hurdle is the use of both [[50 Hz]] and [[60 Hz]].
+* On [[August 2008 in rail transport|August 23, 2008]], a deal was signed between [[Transport in Argentina|Argentina]] ([[Rail transport in Argentina|Argentina]]), [[Transport in Brazil|Brazil]] ([[Rail transport in Brazil|Brazil]]) and Venezuela to develop an electrified railway link between these countries.  A minor hurdle is the use of both [[50 Hz]] and [[Utility frequency|60 Hz]].
 * July 5 - meeting between Venezuela, [[Transport in Colombia|Colombia]] ([[Rail transport in Colombia|Colombia]]) and [[Transport in Ecuador|Ecuador]] ([[Rail transport in Ecuador|Ecuador]]) regarding a railway for freight and passengers to link the three countries, and linking the Pacific with the Atlantic also.
 ==== 2009 ====
-* March 2009 - China to help build new network <ref>http://railwaysafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3982&Itemid=36</ref>
+* March 2009 - China to help build new network <ref>{{cite web|url=http://railwaysafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3982&Itemid=36 |title=The Opportunity To Revitalise The Rail Sector |publisher=Railwaysafrica.com |date= |accessdate=2022-09-07}}</ref>
 ==Highways==
-Automobile transport is encouraged by the fact that Venezuela has the lowest gas prices in the world, at $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter).<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2011/0913/World-s-cheapest-gas-Top-5-countries/Venezuela-0.18-per-gallon-0.047-per-liter</ref>  In some cases, gas is less expensive than [[bottled water]].<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2011/0913/World-s-cheapest-gas-Top-5-countries/Venezuela-0.18-per-gallon-0.047-per-liter</ref>
+Automobile transport is encouraged by the fact that Venezuela has the lowest petrol prices in the world, at $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter).<ref name="csmonitor1">{{cite journal| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2011/0913/World-s-cheapest-gas-Top-5-countries/Venezuela-0.18-per-gallon-0.047-per-liter| title = Venezuela- $0.18 per gallon ($0.05 per liter) - CSMonitor.com| journal = [[The Christian Science Monitor]]| date = 13 September 2011}}</ref>  In some cases, petrol is less expensive than [[bottled water]].<ref name="csmonitor1"/>
-<br>''total:''
+<br />''total:''
 ,155&nbsp;km
-<br>''paved:''
+<br />''paved:''
 ,308&nbsp;km
-<br>''unpaved:''
+<br />''unpaved:''
 ,847&nbsp;km (1997 est.)
@@ Line 104: / Line 107: @@
 ==Ports and harbors==
 {|
-|-valign=top
+|- valign=top
 |
 * [[Amuay]]
@@ Line 127: / Line 130: @@
 {{main|List of airlines of Venezuela}}
-In 2012, Venezuela had 492 airports.{{cite needed|date=September 2019}}
+In 2012, Venezuela had 492 airports.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
-In 2014, due to difficulty converting bolivars to other currencies, many international airline either cut back or entirely cancelled service to the country.  A shortage of seats caused international ticket prices to rise; one report found airfare to Miami more than double the fare to Miami from Bogota in Colombia.<ref>http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/09/16/uk-venezuela-flights-idUKKBN0HB0BV20140916</ref>
+In 2014, due to difficulty converting bolivars to other currencies, many international airline either cut back or entirely cancelled service to the country.  A shortage of seats caused international ticket prices to rise; one report found airfare to Miami more than double the fare to Miami from Bogota in Colombia.<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-venezuela-flights-idUKKBN0HB0BV20140916 Reuters]</ref>
 ===Airports - with paved runways===
 [[Image:Maiquetiaairport.jpg|thumb|[[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Simón Bolívar International Airport]]]]
-<br>''total:''
+<br />''total:''
-<br>''over3,047 m:''
+<br />''over3,047 m:''
-<br>''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
+<br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
-<br>''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
+<br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
-<br>''914 to 1,523 m:''
+<br />''914 to 1,523 m:''
-<br>''under 914 m:''
+<br />''under 914 m:''
 (2012)
 ===Airports - with unpaved runways===
-<br>''total:''
+<br />''total:''
-<br>''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
+<br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
-<br>''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
+<br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
-<br>''914 to 1,523 m:''
+<br />''914 to 1,523 m:''
-<br>''under 914 m:''
+<br />''under 914 m:''
 (2012)
@@ Line 162: / Line 165: @@
 ==Cable car==
-At one time Venezuela had the world's highest [[aerial tramway|cable car]]. The [[Mérida cable car]] opened in 1960, connecting [[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]] with the top of the [[Sierra Nevada de Mérida]]. It was closed indefinitely in 2008, having reached the end of its service life.
+Venezuela has had in times the world's highest [[aerial tramway|cable car]] in operation. The [[Mérida cable car]] opened in 1960, connecting [[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]] with the top of the [[Sierra Nevada de Mérida]]. It was closed indefinitely in 2008, having reached the end of its service life. After an extensive renovation and the renewal of its fleet, operations resumed in 2016.
+==See also==
-{{commons category}}
+* [[Perrera]]
-{{Americas topic|Transport in}}
-{{Venezuela topics}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 174: / Line 176: @@
 {{Sister project links}}
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140721032512/http://www.cartografareilpresente.org/article709.html Map of transport infrastructures of Venezuela]
+{{commons category}}
+{{Americas topic|Transport in}}
+{{Venezuela topics}}
 [[Category:Transport in Venezuela| ]]

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