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|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_system = IUCN3.1


|status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn | author1 = Myers, R. | author2 = Choat, J.H. | author3 = Russell, B. | author4 = Clements, K.D. | author5 = Rocha, L.A. | author6 = Lazuardi, M.E. | author7 = Muljadi, A. | author8 = Pardede, S. | author9 = Rahardjo, P. | display-authors = 3 | year = 2012| title = ''Scarus ghobban'' | page = e.T190705A17798394 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190705A17798394.en | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Choat, J.H. |author2=Myers, R. |author3=Russell, B. |author4=Clements, K.D. |author5=Rocha, L.A. |author6=Lazuardi, M.E. |author7=Muljadi, A. |author8=Pardede, S. |author9=Rahardjo, P. |date=2012 |title=''Scarus ghobban'' |volume=2012 |page=e.T190705A17798394 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190705A17798394.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>


|status2 = EN
|status2 = EN
|status2_system = IUCN3.1
|status2_system = IUCN3.1
|status2_ref = (Arabian gulf)
|status2_ref = ([[Persian Gulf]])


|taxon = Scarus ghobban
|taxon = Scarus ghobban
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*''Callyodon apridentatus'' <small>Smith, 1956</small>
*''Callyodon apridentatus'' <small>Smith, 1956</small>
*''Scarus fehlmanni'' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|Schultz]], 1969</small>
*''Scarus fehlmanni'' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|Schultz]], 1969</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{Fishbase|Scarus|ghobban|month=December|year=2019}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Scarus|ghobban|month=December|year=2019}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Scarus ghobban''''', also known as the '''blue-barred parrotfish''', '''blue trim parrotfish''', '''cream parrotfish''', '''globe-headed parrotfish''', '''green blotched parrotfish''', '''yellow scale parrotfish''', and '''bluechin parrotfish''',<ref name=iucn/> is a species of marine [[ray-finned fish]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Scaridae]].
'''''Scarus ghobban''''', also known as the '''blue-barred parrotfish''', '''blue trim parrotfish''', '''cream parrotfish''', '''globe-headed parrotfish''', '''green blotched parrotfish''', '''yellow scale parrotfish''', and '''bluechin parrotfish''',<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> is a species of marine [[ray-finned fish]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Scaridae]].


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:HibuDIya.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A ''Scarus ghobban'']]
[[File:HibuDIya.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Scarus ghobban'']]
This species is blue-green to green in colour and commonly grows to approximately 46&nbsp;cm. Its appearance is variable. It may have a central stripe on the dorsal and anal fins that is pink in colour. The underside of the body may be pinkish or yellowish. There may be blue markings around the area of the pectoral fin.<ref name=darwin>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/7724/|publisher=Darwin Foundation|title=Scarus ghobban}}</ref>
This species is blue-green to green in colour and commonly grows to approximately 46&nbsp;cm. Its appearance is variable. It may have a central stripe on the dorsal and anal fins that is pink in color. The underside of the body may be pinkish or yellowish. There may be blue markings around the area of the pectoral fin.<ref name=darwin>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/7724/|publisher=Darwin Foundation|title=Scarus ghobban}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''Scarus ghobban'' is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific, known from East Africa to Indonesia. It also occurs in the [[Galápagos Islands]]<ref name=darwin/> as well as [[Japan]], south to [[Australia]] and east to [[French Polynesia]].<ref name=am/> Recently recorded in 2001 for the first time in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off Israel, following an entry via the [[Suez Canal]], it is now expanding northward in Levantine waters where it remains rare.<ref>Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (''Scarus ghobban''). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Scarus_ghobban.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Bariche, Michel|author2=Saad, Mohammed|title=Settlement of the lessepsian blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban (Teleostei: Scaridae) in the eastern Mediterranean|journal=Marine Biodiversity Records|volume=1|orig-year=2005|year=2009|page=e5|doi=10.1017/S1755267205000497}}</ref>
''Scarus ghobban'' is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific, known to live in waters from East Africa to Indonesia. It has also been found in the Mediterranean, likely having entered by way of the Red Sea as a [[Lessepsian migration|Lessepsian migrant]].<ref name=iucn/> It also occurs at the [[Galápagos Islands]]<ref name=darwin/> as well as [[Japan]], south to [[Australia]] and east to [[French Polynesia]].<ref name=am/>


In 2004, the species was reported from [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bariche, Michel|author2=Saad, Mohammed|title=Settlement of the lessepsian blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban (Teleostei: Scaridae) in the eastern Mediterranean|journal=Marine Biodiversity Records|volume=1|orig-year=2005|year=2009|page=e5|doi=10.1017/S1755267205000497}}</ref>
Like other reef fish with a pelagic larval phase, regional currents facilitate high levels of gene flow, which in turn create high genetic diversity among the species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Visram |first1=Shakrim |title=Genetic connectivity and historical demography of the blue barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban) in the western Indian Ocean |journal=Marine Biology |date=2010 |volume=157 |issue=7 |page=1475 |doi=10.1007/s00227-010-1422-8|s2cid=85349344 }}</ref>

Like other reef fish with a pelagic larval phase, regional currents facilitate high levels of gene flow, which in turn create high genetic diversity among the species. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Visram |first1=Shakrim |title=Genetic connectivity and historical demography of the blue barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban) in the western Indian Ocean |journal=Marine Biology |date=2010 |volume=157 |issue=7 |page=1475 |doi=10.1007/s00227-010-1422-8|s2cid=85349344 }}</ref>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
''Scarus Ghobban'' occurs in places with sandy bottoms and in areas with seagrass. It is also known to live in marginal reefs and in deeper waters.<ref name=iucn/>
''Scarus ghobban'' occurs in places with sandy bottoms and in areas with seagrass. It is also known to live in marginal reefs and in deeper waters.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''Scarus ghobban'' grows quickly and can live up to 13 years. It tends to congregate in small schools.<ref name = iucn/> Scarus ghobban can rotate their mandible bone at a high velocity; this allows them to function as a scraper and facilitate hydrological transport of fine sediments.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Melgarejo-Damián|first=M. P.|last2=González-Acosta|first2=A. F.|last3=Cruz-Escalona|first3=V. H.|last4=Moncayo-Estrada|first4=R.|date=2017|title=A comparison of feeding biomechanics between two parrotfish species from the Gulf of California|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-017-0383-6|journal=Zoomorphology|language=en|volume=137|issue=1|pages=165–176|doi=10.1007/s00435-017-0383-6|issn=0720-213X}}</ref>
''Scarus ghobban'' grows quickly and can live up to 13 years. It tends to congregate in small schools.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Scarus ghobban can rotate their mandible bone at a high velocity; this allows them to function as a scraper and facilitate hydrological transport of fine sediments.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Melgarejo-Damián|first1=M. P.|last2=González-Acosta|first2=A. F.|last3=Cruz-Escalona|first3=V. H.|last4=Moncayo-Estrada|first4=R.|date=2017|title=A comparison of feeding biomechanics between two parrotfish species from the Gulf of California|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-017-0383-6|journal=Zoomorphology|language=en|volume=137|issue=1|pages=165–176|doi=10.1007/s00435-017-0383-6|s2cid=253985036 |issn=0720-213X}}</ref>

'''Reproduction
The way the scarus ghobban reproduces is by the female laying eggs into the current of the water. After about 25 hours after the egg has been fertilized, it'll hatch. After birth, the parrotfish will mature quickly and won't have to be near its parents for much time.<ref>Jonna R. Jamil (2021) ''Animal Diversity Web''Scaridae Parrotfishes https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Scaridae/</ref>


==Threats==
==Threats==
While the species is captured in large numbers by fishermen for consumption and sale, and there is also a high amount of bycatch from other fisheries, it is not particularly targeted and appears not to be threatened at this point. As other [[parrotfish]], it is dependent on coral reefs to some degree, and is likely to suffer from the continued degradation of same.<ref name=iucn/>
While the species is captured in large numbers by fishermen for consumption and sale, and there is also a high amount of bycatch from other fisheries, it is not particularly targeted and appears not to be threatened at this point. As other [[parrotfish]], it is dependent on coral reefs to some degree, and is likely to suffer from the continued degradation of same.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 13:28, 9 January 2024

Scarus ghobban
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Scarus
Species:
S. ghobban
Binomial name
Scarus ghobban
Synonyms[3]
  • Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775
  • Callyodon ghobban (Forsskål, 1775)
  • Scarus guttatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Callyodon guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
  • Scarus maculosus Lacepède, 1802
  • Scarus pepo Bennett, 1830
  • Scarus reticulata Swainson, 1839
  • Hemistoma reticulata (Swainson, 1839)
  • Scarus lacerta Valenciennes, 1840
  • Scarus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840
  • Callyodon dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840)
  • Scarus scabriusculus Valenciennes, 1840
  • Scarus magrathii Bennett, 1841
  • Scarus pyrrostethus Richardson, 1846
  • Scarus haridoides Bleeker, 1855
  • Pseudoscarus cantori Bleeker, 1861
  • Pseudoscarus nudirostris Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
  • Pseudoscarus papuensis Macleay, 1883
  • Pseudoscarus flavipinnis De Vis, 1885
  • Pseudoscarus californiensis Pellegrin, 1901
  • Scarus noyesi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903
  • Pseudoscarus natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909
  • Pseudoscarus garretti Günther, 1909
  • Scarus pyrrostethus australianus Paradice, 1927
  • Scarus azureus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928
  • Scarus toshi Whitley, 1933
  • Callyodon fuscocuneus Fowler, 1935
  • Callyodon speigleri J.L.B. Smith, 1956
  • Callyodon apridentatus Smith, 1956
  • Scarus fehlmanni Schultz, 1969

Scarus ghobban, also known as the blue-barred parrotfish, blue trim parrotfish, cream parrotfish, globe-headed parrotfish, green blotched parrotfish, yellow scale parrotfish, and bluechin parrotfish,[1] is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Scaridae.

Description[edit]

Scarus ghobban

This species is blue-green to green in colour and commonly grows to approximately 46 cm. Its appearance is variable. It may have a central stripe on the dorsal and anal fins that is pink in color. The underside of the body may be pinkish or yellowish. There may be blue markings around the area of the pectoral fin.[4]

Distribution[edit]

Scarus ghobban is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific, known from East Africa to Indonesia. It also occurs in the Galápagos Islands[4] as well as Japan, south to Australia and east to French Polynesia.[2] Recently recorded in 2001 for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel, following an entry via the Suez Canal, it is now expanding northward in Levantine waters where it remains rare.[5][6]

Like other reef fish with a pelagic larval phase, regional currents facilitate high levels of gene flow, which in turn create high genetic diversity among the species.[7]

Habitat[edit]

Scarus ghobban occurs in places with sandy bottoms and in areas with seagrass. It is also known to live in marginal reefs and in deeper waters.[1]

Ecology[edit]

Scarus ghobban grows quickly and can live up to 13 years. It tends to congregate in small schools.[1] Scarus ghobban can rotate their mandible bone at a high velocity; this allows them to function as a scraper and facilitate hydrological transport of fine sediments.[8]

Reproduction The way the scarus ghobban reproduces is by the female laying eggs into the current of the water. After about 25 hours after the egg has been fertilized, it'll hatch. After birth, the parrotfish will mature quickly and won't have to be near its parents for much time.[9]

Threats[edit]

While the species is captured in large numbers by fishermen for consumption and sale, and there is also a high amount of bycatch from other fisheries, it is not particularly targeted and appears not to be threatened at this point. As other parrotfish, it is dependent on coral reefs to some degree, and is likely to suffer from the continued degradation of same.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Choat, J.H.; Myers, R.; Russell, B.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Pardede, S.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Scarus ghobban". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190705A17798394. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190705A17798394.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b McGrouther, Mark (21 January 2019). "Bluebarred Parrotfish, Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775". Australian Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Scarus ghobban" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  4. ^ a b "Scarus ghobban". Darwin Foundation.
  5. ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Scarus ghobban). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Scarus_ghobban.pdf
  6. ^ Bariche, Michel; Saad, Mohammed (2009) [2005]. "Settlement of the lessepsian blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban (Teleostei: Scaridae) in the eastern Mediterranean". Marine Biodiversity Records. 1: e5. doi:10.1017/S1755267205000497.
  7. ^ Visram, Shakrim (2010). "Genetic connectivity and historical demography of the blue barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban) in the western Indian Ocean". Marine Biology. 157 (7): 1475. doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1422-8. S2CID 85349344.
  8. ^ Melgarejo-Damián, M. P.; González-Acosta, A. F.; Cruz-Escalona, V. H.; Moncayo-Estrada, R. (2017). "A comparison of feeding biomechanics between two parrotfish species from the Gulf of California". Zoomorphology. 137 (1): 165–176. doi:10.1007/s00435-017-0383-6. ISSN 0720-213X. S2CID 253985036.
  9. ^ Jonna R. Jamil (2021) Animal Diversity WebScaridae Parrotfishes https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Scaridae/

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scarus ghobban.
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