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{{Short description|Type of simple embroidery and sewing stitch}}
[[Image:Art Needlework Morris Design Detail.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Seed stitches (small, detached running stitches) are used on the center ribs of these flower petals.]]
[[File:Art Needlework Morris Design Detail.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Seed stitches (small, detached running stitches) are used on the center ribs of these flower petals.]]
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[[Image:Pattern darning.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Pattern darning]]
[[File:Pattern darning.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Pattern [[darning]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Christie |first=Grace |date=September 1906 |chapter=Chapter 9: Methods of Work (continued) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924031240017#page/n191/mode/1up |title=Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924031240017 |series=The Artistic Crafts Series of Technical Handbooks |page=[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924031240017#page/n201/mode/1up 198] |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |via=Internet Archive }}</ref>]]
'''Straight''' or '''Flat stitch''' is a class of simple [[embroidery]] and [[sewing]] stitches in which individual [[embroidery stitch|stitches]] are made without crossing or looping the [[yarn|thread]].<ref name="Ent">Enthoven, Jacqueline: ''The Creative Stitches of Embroidery'', Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, ISBN 0-442-22318-8, p. 29-46</ref><ref name="RD">Reader's Digest ''Complete Guide to Needlework''. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (March 1992). ISBN 0-89577-059-8, p. 46-51</ref> These stitches are used to form broken or unbroken lines or starbursts, fill shapes, and create geometric designs.


The '''straight''' or '''running''' stitch is the basic [[Stitch (textile arts)|stitch]] in hand-[[sewing]] and [[embroidery]], on which all other forms of sewing are based. The stitch is worked by passing the [[Sewing needle|needle]] in and out of the [[textile|fabric]] at a regular distance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Running Stitch|url=https://www.embroidery.rocksea.org/stitch/running-stitch/running-stitch/|website=Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> All other stitches are created by varying the straight stitch in length, spacing, and direction.
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[[Running stitch]], [[Holbein stitch|Holbein or double-running stitch]], [[satin stitch]] and darning stitch are all classed as straight or flat stitches. [[Backstitch]] is also sometimes included in this category.<ref name="Ent" />


Some sources only use the term straight stitch to refer to the individual stitch or its family of related stitches,<ref>{{cite web |title=Straight Stitch Family |url=https://www.embroidery.rocksea.org/stitch/straight-stitch/ |website=Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> while others use it interchangeably with or in place of running stitch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CyberSeams|url=https://cyberseams.com/sewing/sewing-basics/how-to-sew-by-hand-basic-stitches/|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-27}}</ref> Running stitch will never be used to refer to a single stitch since a single running stitch is a straight stitch.
==Applications==


[[Image:Detail of sun quilt closeup.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Detail of a contemporary [[quilt]] with [[quilting]] in free-form white and colored running stitches.]]
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'''Pattern darning''' is an ancient technique in which parallel rows of straight stitches in varying lengths are arranged to form geometric patterns.<ref name="Christie">Christie, Grace: ''Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving'', London, John Hogg, 1912</ref> [[Japan]]ese ''Kogin'' embroidery is a pattern darning style from the island of [[Honshū]], often worked in white [[cotton]] [[embroidery thread|thread]] on rough, dark blue [[indigo dye|indigo-dyed]] [[linen]].<ref name="Ent" />
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[[Image:Running stitch.gif|right|thumb|200px|Running stitch.]]


Running stitches are most often not visible as they are used to close [[Seam (sewing)|seams]].<ref>Reader's Digest ''Complete Guide to Needlework''. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (July 25th 2008). {{ISBN|0-89577-059-8}}, p. 46</ref>
==Variants==


⚫
Running stitch, [[Holbein stitch|Holbein or double-running stitch]], [[satin stitch]] and darning stitch are all classed as straight or flat stitches. [[Backstitch]] is also sometimes included in this category.<ref name="Ent">Enthoven, Jacqueline: ''The Creative Stitches of Embroidery'', Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, {{ISBN|0-442-22318-8}}, p. 29-46</ref>
Variants of straight stitches include:<ref name="Ent" /> <ref name="RD" />

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==Uses==

===Embroidery===

===Seams, hems, and tailoring===
Running stitches are used in hand-sewing and [[tailor]]ing to sew basic seams, hems and [[gather (sewing)|gathers]]; in hand [[patchwork]] to assemble pieces of light fabrics; and in [[quilting]] to hold the fabric layers and [[Batting (material)|batting or wadding]] in place.<ref>''Complete Guide to Needlework'', p. 200, 220</ref> Loosely spaced rows of short running stitches are used to support [[satin stitch|padded satin stitch]].

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===Darning===
⚫
[[Darning]] has two purposes, decorative and functional, though it is often both.<ref name="Darning">{{cite web |title=Pattern Darning |url=https://sewguide.com/pattern-darning/ |website=Sew Guide |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> Darning for decorative purposes, often referred to as '''Pattern darning''', is an ancient technique in which parallel rows of straight stitches in varying lengths are arranged to form geometric patterns.<ref name="Christie">Christie, Grace: ''Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving'', London, John Hogg, 1912</ref> [[Japan]]ese ''Kogin'' embroidery is a pattern darning style from the island of [[Honshū]], often worked in white [[cotton]] [[embroidery thread|thread]] on rough, dark blue [[indigo dye|indigo-dyed]] [[linen]].<ref name="Ent" />

[[File:Naxos cover.jpg|thumb|right|384px|Embroidered Pilow Cover and many more, [[Naxos (island)|Naxos]], 17th-18th century. Silk embroidery on linen ground fabric. Embroidery: '''running stitch''' in alternate alignment.]]
Running stitches are a component of many traditional embroidery styles, including [[kantha]] of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]], and [[Japan]]ese [[sashiko quilting]] and other embroidery styles such as pattern darning and redwork.<ref>Gillow, John, and Bryan Sentance: ''World Textiles'', Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, 1999, {{ISBN|0-8212-2621-5}}, p. 172-173</ref>

==Related stitches==

*The running stitch family includes looped running stitches, laced running stitches, whipped running stitches, and others like the Holbein stitch, seed stitch and more.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Running Stitch Family|url=https://www.embroidery.rocksea.org/stitch/running-stitch/|access-date=2020-07-14|website=Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Tack (sewing)|Basting stitches]], also called "tailor's tack", are long-running stitches used to keep two pieces of fabric or [[trim (sewing)|trim]] aligned during final sewing, or to otherwise temporarily sew two pieces together.
*[[Darning|Darning stitches]] are closely spaced [[Parallel (geometry)|parallel]] rows of running stitches used to fill or reinforce worn areas of a textile, or as decoration.
*[[Holbein stitch|Holbein]] or double-running stitches have a second row of running stitches worked in a reverse direction in between the stitches of the first pass, to make a solid line of stitching.
*Double darning stitches are closely spaced (but not overlapping) rows of Holbein stitches.<ref>''Complete Guide to Needlework'', p. 46-47</ref>
*The saddle stitch, commonly used in leathercrafting and shoemaking, consists of two running stitches done at the same time.


*'''Running stitch''' or '''straight stitch''' (for variants and technique, see [[Running stitch]])
*'''Double-running or Holbein stitch''' (see [[Holbein stitch]])
*'''Darning stitch'''
*'''Arrowhead stitch'''
*'''Eye stitch''', a sixteen-stitch starburst resulting in a hole in the center
*'''Algerian eye stitch''', a simplified starburst of eight stitches
*'''Fishbone stitch'''
*'''Open fishbone stitch'''
*'''Raised fishbone stitch'''
*'''Flat stitch'''
*'''Satin stitch''' (see [[Satin stitch]])
*'''Seed stitch''', small individual running stitches used as fillings or accents


<br style="clear: left"/>
===Stitch gallery===
===Stitch gallery===
<gallery>
<gallery>
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== See also ==
== See also ==


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* [[Embroidery stitch]]es
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* [[Darning]]
* [[Blackwork embroidery]]
* [[Blackwork embroidery]]
* [[Darning]]

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* [[Embroidery stitch]]es
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==Notes==
<references />

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==External links==

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*[http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/collection_interactives/ The <i> Crimson Thread of Kinship </i> is a 12-metre-long embroidery predominately using a straight stitch] at the National Museum of Australia



==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commonscat|embroidery stitches}}

==Further reading==
*Caulfield, S.F.A., and B.C. Saward, ''The Dictionary of Needlework'', 1885.
*Caulfield, S.F.A., and B.C. Saward, ''The Dictionary of Needlework'', 1885.
*Christie, Grace (Mrs. Archibald Christie: ''Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving'', London, John Hogg, 1912
*Christie, Grace (Mrs. Archibald Christie: ''Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving'', London, John Hogg, 1912
*Eaton, Jan. ''Mary Thomas's Dictionary of Embroidery Stitches'', Revised by Jan Eaton. London: Hodder&Stoughton, 1989. ISBN 0-340-51075-7
*Eaton, Jan. ''Mary Thomas's Dictionary of Embroidery Stitches'', Revised by Jan Eaton. London: Hodder&Stoughton, 1989. {{ISBN|0-340-51075-7}}
*Enthoven, Jacqueline: ''The Creative Stitches of Embroidery'', Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, ISBN 0-442-22318-8
*Enthoven, Jacqueline: ''The Creative Stitches of Embroidery'', Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, {{ISBN|0-442-22318-8}}
*Reader's Digest, ''Complete Guide to Needlework''. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (March 1992). ISBN 0-89577-059-8
*Reader's Digest, ''Complete Guide to Needlework''. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (March 1992). {{ISBN|0-89577-059-8}}
*Levey, S. M. and D. King, ''The Victoria and Albert Museum's Textile Collection Vol. 3: Embroidery in Britain from 1200 to 1750'', Victoria and Albert Museum, 1993, ISBN 1851771263
*Levey, S. M. and D. King, ''The Victoria and Albert Museum's Textile Collection Vol. 3: Embroidery in Britain from 1200 to 1750'', Victoria and Albert Museum, 1993, {{ISBN|1-85177-126-3}}
*[https://www.embroidery.rocksea.org/ Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials].

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==External links==
{{Commons category|Running stitch}}
⚫
*[http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/collection_interactives/ The '' Crimson Thread of Kinship '' is a 12-metre-long embroidery predominantly using a straight stitch] at the National Museum of Australia


{{template:embroidery}}
{{embroidery}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Straight Stitch}}
[[Category:Embroidery stitches]]
[[Category:Embroidery stitches]]

Revision as of 13:39, 21 June 2024

Seed stitches (small, detached running stitches) are used on the center ribs of these flower petals.
Pattern darning.[1]

The straight or running stitch is the basic stitch in hand-sewing and embroidery, on which all other forms of sewing are based. The stitch is worked by passing the needle in and out of the fabric at a regular distance.[2] All other stitches are created by varying the straight stitch in length, spacing, and direction.

Some sources only use the term straight stitch to refer to the individual stitch or its family of related stitches,[3] while others use it interchangeably with or in place of running stitch.[4] Running stitch will never be used to refer to a single stitch since a single running stitch is a straight stitch.

Detail of a contemporary quilt with quilting in free-form white and colored running stitches.
Running stitch.

Running stitches are most often not visible as they are used to close seams.[5]

Running stitch, Holbein or double-running stitch, satin stitch and darning stitch are all classed as straight or flat stitches. Backstitch is also sometimes included in this category.[6]

Uses

Embroidery

Seams, hems, and tailoring

Running stitches are used in hand-sewing and tailoring to sew basic seams, hems and gathers; in hand patchwork to assemble pieces of light fabrics; and in quilting to hold the fabric layers and batting or wadding in place.[7] Loosely spaced rows of short running stitches are used to support padded satin stitch.

Darning

Darning has two purposes, decorative and functional, though it is often both.[8] Darning for decorative purposes, often referred to as Pattern darning, is an ancient technique in which parallel rows of straight stitches in varying lengths are arranged to form geometric patterns.[9] Japanese Kogin embroidery is a pattern darning style from the island of Honshū, often worked in white cotton thread on rough, dark blue indigo-dyed linen.[6]

Embroidered Pilow Cover and many more, Naxos, 17th-18th century. Silk embroidery on linen ground fabric. Embroidery: running stitch in alternate alignment.

Running stitches are a component of many traditional embroidery styles, including kantha of India and Bangladesh, and Japanese sashiko quilting and other embroidery styles such as pattern darning and redwork.[10]

  • The running stitch family includes looped running stitches, laced running stitches, whipped running stitches, and others like the Holbein stitch, seed stitch and more.[11]
  • Basting stitches, also called "tailor's tack", are long-running stitches used to keep two pieces of fabric or trim aligned during final sewing, or to otherwise temporarily sew two pieces together.
  • Darning stitches are closely spaced parallel rows of running stitches used to fill or reinforce worn areas of a textile, or as decoration.
  • Holbein or double-running stitches have a second row of running stitches worked in a reverse direction in between the stitches of the first pass, to make a solid line of stitching.
  • Double darning stitches are closely spaced (but not overlapping) rows of Holbein stitches.[12]
  • The saddle stitch, commonly used in leathercrafting and shoemaking, consists of two running stitches done at the same time.


  • Arrowhead stitch
    Arrowhead stitch
  • Eye stitch
    Eye stitch
  • Algerian eye stitch
    Algerian eye stitch
  • Fishbone stitch
    Fishbone stitch
  • Open fishbone stitch
    Open fishbone stitch
  • Raised fishbone stitch
    Raised fishbone stitch
  • Flat stitch
    Flat stitch

See also

References

  1. ^ Christie, Grace (September 1906). "Chapter 9: Methods of Work (continued)". Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving. The Artistic Crafts Series of Technical Handbooks. New York: Macmillan. p. 198 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ "Running Stitch". Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  3. ^ "Straight Stitch Family". Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  4. ^ "CyberSeams". Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  5. ^ Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Needlework. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (July 25th 2008). ISBN 0-89577-059-8, p. 46
  6. ^ a b Enthoven, Jacqueline: The Creative Stitches of Embroidery, Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, ISBN 0-442-22318-8, p. 29-46
  7. ^ Complete Guide to Needlework, p. 200, 220
  8. ^ "Pattern Darning". Sew Guide. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  9. ^ Christie, Grace: Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving, London, John Hogg, 1912
  10. ^ Gillow, John, and Bryan Sentance: World Textiles, Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown, 1999, ISBN 0-8212-2621-5, p. 172-173
  11. ^ "Running Stitch Family". Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  12. ^ Complete Guide to Needlework, p. 46-47

Further reading

  • Caulfield, S.F.A., and B.C. Saward, The Dictionary of Needlework, 1885.
  • Christie, Grace (Mrs. Archibald Christie: Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving, London, John Hogg, 1912
  • Eaton, Jan. Mary Thomas's Dictionary of Embroidery Stitches, Revised by Jan Eaton. London: Hodder&Stoughton, 1989. ISBN 0-340-51075-7
  • Enthoven, Jacqueline: The Creative Stitches of Embroidery, Van Norstrand Rheinhold, 1964, ISBN 0-442-22318-8
  • Reader's Digest, Complete Guide to Needlework. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (March 1992). ISBN 0-89577-059-8
  • Levey, S. M. and D. King, The Victoria and Albert Museum's Textile Collection Vol. 3: Embroidery in Britain from 1200 to 1750, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1993, ISBN 1-85177-126-3
  • Sarah's Hand Embroidery Tutorials.
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