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→‎Popular references: first of all, does any of this matter? are we listing all the movies in which people drink Heineken? second, really poor sourcing.
Undid revision 1070697075 by Drmies (talk) I think it's worth mentioning the candy's appearance in Nintendo games, they're likely to be more well known. Will add refs later.
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''Konpeito'' is often used for celebrations such as marriage and childbirth, in elaborate candy boxes called ''bonbonniere'' ({{lang|ja|ボンボニエール}}), from the French {{lang|fr|bonbonnière}}, meaning ''candy box''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The art of Japanese craft: 1875 to the present|author=Felice Fischer|publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art|year=2008|page=60|quote=Tokyo: Kunaicho, 2004. Yorokobi no kobako: bonbonieru no ishobi (Celebratory miniature boxes: the decorative beauty of the bonboniere).}}</ref> It is given as a gift for prayers at shrines and temples. The practice of giving bonbonniere dates back to the commemoration ceremony of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and has since been thought to be a symbol of good luck. The Japanese Imperial Family has used these ''[[Onshino Konpeitō]]'' as the official ‘Welcome’ gift continuously for over 130 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK8855PFK88UTIL02B.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yamada-heiando.jp/media/bonbonniere/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alic.go.jp/joho-s/joho07_001678.htm}}</ref>
''Konpeito'' is often used for celebrations such as marriage and childbirth, in elaborate candy boxes called ''bonbonniere'' ({{lang|ja|ボンボニエール}}), from the French {{lang|fr|bonbonnière}}, meaning ''candy box''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The art of Japanese craft: 1875 to the present|author=Felice Fischer|publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art|year=2008|page=60|quote=Tokyo: Kunaicho, 2004. Yorokobi no kobako: bonbonieru no ishobi (Celebratory miniature boxes: the decorative beauty of the bonboniere).}}</ref> It is given as a gift for prayers at shrines and temples. The practice of giving bonbonniere dates back to the commemoration ceremony of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and has since been thought to be a symbol of good luck. The Japanese Imperial Family has used these ''[[Onshino Konpeitō]]'' as the official ‘Welcome’ gift continuously for over 130 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK8855PFK88UTIL02B.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yamada-heiando.jp/media/bonbonniere/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alic.go.jp/joho-s/joho07_001678.htm}}</ref>


== Popular references ==
The Star Bits in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' and [[Super Mario Galaxy 2|its sequel]], the Gratitude Crystals and Star Fragments in ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'' series, the Star Fragments in ''[[Animal Crossing]]'' as well as Minior,Max Revives (and to a lesser extent, Revives) and Cosmog's star candies from the ''[[Pokémon]]'' series, are all based on these candies.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} ''[[Super Mario RPG]]'' also features it as an attack item that was localized as "Rock Candy".<ref>[https://www.mariowiki.com/Rock_Candy Super Mario Wiki: Rock Candy]</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Japanese words from Portuguese]]
*[[Japanese words from Portuguese]]

Revision as of 16:48, 9 February 2022

Konpeitō
Konpeitō in various colors
TypeConfectionery
Place of originPortugal
Main ingredientsSugar, water

Konpeitō (金平糖, コンペイトー), also spelled kompeitō, is a Portuguese and Japanese sugar candy.[1] They come in a variety of colors and flavors.

Etymology

The word konpeitō comes from the Portuguese word confeito (comfit), which is a type of sugar candy.[2]

The characters 金平糖 (lit. "golden flat sugar") are ateji selected mostly for their phonetic value and can also be written 金米糖 or 金餅糖.

History

This technique for producing candy was introduced to Japan in the early 16th century by Portuguese traders. The infrastructure and refining technology of sugar had not yet been established in Japan. As konpeitō uses a lot of sugar, it was very rare and expensive as a result. In 1569, Luís Fróis, a Portuguese missionary, presented a glass flask of konpeitō to Oda Nobunaga in order to obtain the permit for mission work of Christianity.[3][4]

By the Meiji period, konpeitō had already been culturally prescribed as one of the standards of Japanese sweets—the character Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker was translated into konpeitō no sei (金平糖の精, Fairy of konpeitō).[5]

Production

Konpeitō is usually 5 to 10 mm (0.20 to 0.39 in) in diameter and is produced by repeatedly coating a sugar syrup over a core consisting of a grain of coarse sugar. Originally, the core was a poppy seed. The process is somewhat similar to the dragée process, except the candies are produced by being ladled with sugar syrup and rotated slowly in a large heated gong-shaped tub called a "dora." Each grain of the core sugar grows over the course of several days with the continued rotating, heating, and application of syrup, becoming a ball covered with tiny bulges. It usually takes 7–13 days to make konpeitō and they are still crafted by artisans today.[6]

Other uses

Konpeitō

The Ministry of Defense's Emergency Food Ration tins and the Imperial Army's Military Combat Ration tins in Japan both contain Konpeito candies, in addition to hard tack bread/biscuits and other food items. While the candies aid in the calorie content necessary for activities, it also helps promote the creation of saliva to make it easier to eat the dry bread.

According to the Ministry of Defense's specifications, "Each white emergency ration bag will contain 150g of small dry bread, with 8 whites, 3 reds, 2 yellows, 2 greens as standard, amounting to 15g or more to be put in the bag.” It is thought that providing the 'colorful and enjoyable' Konpeito will also reduce the stress that would be experienced at times during a disaster.[7]

Konpeito is often used for celebrations such as marriage and childbirth, in elaborate candy boxes called bonbonniere (ボンボニエール), from the French bonbonnière, meaning candy box.[8] It is given as a gift for prayers at shrines and temples. The practice of giving bonbonniere dates back to the commemoration ceremony of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and has since been thought to be a symbol of good luck. The Japanese Imperial Family has used these Onshino Konpeitō as the official ‘Welcome’ gift continuously for over 130 years.[9][10][11]

Popular references

The Star Bits in Super Mario Galaxy and its sequel, the Gratitude Crystals and Star Fragments in The Legend of Zelda series, the Star Fragments in Animal Crossing as well as Minior,Max Revives (and to a lesser extent, Revives) and Cosmog's star candies from the Pokémon series, are all based on these candies.[citation needed] Super Mario RPG also features it as an attack item that was localized as "Rock Candy".[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Richard Hosking A Dictionary of Japanese Food 1996 Page 84 " Konpeitō コンペイトー 金平糖 comfit. A sugar candy introduced by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, one kind of higashi. It is a small toffee sphere (5 mm in diameter) with a pimply surface, made from sugar, water, and flour in a variety of colors. Originally there was a sesame seed in the middle, later a poppy seed, but nowadays no seed at all. The word comfit derives from the Portuguese confeito."
  2. ^ Constantine Vaporis (2012). Voices of Early Modern Japan: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life. p. 99. Even though the Portuguese were expelled from Japan in 1639, pan (bread), konpeito (a type of candy), tempura
  3. ^ Shozo Ishizaka; Y. Kato; R. Takaki (1987). Science on form: proceedings of the First International Symposium (PDF). p. 4. This candy was brought to Japan for the first time by a Portuguese missionary, Luis Frois, in 1569. It was among some presents to Nobunaga, the ruler of Japan of that time. The sugar candy was kept in a bottle of glass, and was called "confeitos" in Portuguese.
  4. ^ Dorothy Blair (1973). A history of glass in Japan. Corning Museum of Glass. p. 159. The Jesuit Father Luis Frois is said to have presented to Oda Nobunaga candles and a glass flask filled with kompeito (a kind of sugar candy); and to Ashikaga Yoshiaki, silk and a glass vessel with a broken handle.
  5. ^ "..まずは、チャイコフスキーの「くるみ割り人形」から「金平糖の精の踊り」。", Shūkan Asahi, vol. 106, p. 125, 2001
  6. ^ 金平糖の作り方, Ebisudo-Seika
  7. ^ https://www.mod.go.jp/j/procurement/chotatsu/nds/pdf/n/n5002.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ Felice Fischer (2008). The art of Japanese craft: 1875 to the present. Philadelphia Museum of Art. p. 60. Tokyo: Kunaicho, 2004. Yorokobi no kobako: bonbonieru no ishobi (Celebratory miniature boxes: the decorative beauty of the bonboniere).
  9. ^ https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK8855PFK88UTIL02B.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ^ https://www.yamada-heiando.jp/media/bonbonniere/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ https://www.alic.go.jp/joho-s/joho07_001678.htm. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ Super Mario Wiki: Rock Candy
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