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{{Short description|Bangladeshi educationist and social worker}}
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{{Infobox person
{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}
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| name = Nilima Ibrahim
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
| image =
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{{Infobox officeholder
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| birth_name = Nilima Roy Chowdhury
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| name = Neelima Ibrahim
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|1|11|df=y}}
| image = NilimaIbrahimPic.jpg
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| birth_place = Mulghar, Fakirhat, [[Bagerhat]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| native_name = নীলিমা ইব্রাহীম
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|6|18|1921|1|11|df=y}}
| native_name_lang = bn
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| death_place = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| office = Director General of [[Bangla Academy]]
| yearsactive =
| term_start = 12 August 1974
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| occupation = writer, educationist
| term_end = 6 June 1975
| nationality = [[Bangladesh]]i
| education = [[PhD]] ([[Bengali literature]])
| predecessor = [[Mazharul Islam (poet)|Mazharul Islam]]
| successor = [[Mustafa Nur-Ul Islam]]
| notable_works = ''[[Ami Virangana Balchhi]]'' {{·}} ''Unabingsha Shatabdir Bangali Samaj o Bangla Natak''
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| birth_name = Neelima Roy Chowdhury
| awards = [[Bangla Academy Award]] (1969) <br> [[Ekushey Padak]] (2000) <br> [[Independence Day Award]] (2011)
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|10|11|df=y}}
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|alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]] <br> [[Dhaka University]]
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| birth_place = [[Mulghar Union|Mulghar]], [[Fakirhat Upazila|Fakirhat]], [[Bagerhat]], [[British India]]
|parents= Prafulla Roy Chowdhury <br> Kusum Kumari Devi
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|6|18|1921|1|11|df=y}}
|spouse=Mohammad Ibrahim (m. 1945)
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| death_place = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|children=Khuku, Dolly, Polly, Bubly, Iti
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| occupation = writer, educationist
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| education = PhD ([[Bengali literature]])
| awards = [[#Awards|full list]]
| spouse = [[Muhammad Ibrahim]]
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| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Calcutta]]|[[Dhaka University]]}}
}}
}}


'''Nilima Ibrahim''' ({{lang-bn|নীলিমা ইব্রাহীম}}; 1921–2002) was a [[Bangladesh]]i educationist, littérateur and social worker. She is well known for her scholarship on [[Bengali literature]] but even more so for her depiction of raped and tortured women in the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in her book ''Ami Birangona Bolchhi'' (''I, the heroine, speaks'').<ref name=Nilima>{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ibrahim,_Nilima|title=Ibrahim, Nilima|author=Zeenat Imtiaz Ali|publisher=Banglapedia|accessdate=2012-11-26}}</ref>
'''Neelima Ibrahim''' (11 October 1921 – 18 June 2002) was a Bangladeshi educationist, littérateur and social worker. She is well known for her scholarship on [[Bengali literature]] but even more so for her depiction of raped and tortured women in the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in her book ''Ami Birangana Bolchi''.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|chapter=Ibrahim, Nilima|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ibrahim,_Nilima|editor2-first=Zeenat|editor2-last=Ali}}</ref> She was awarded [[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] in 1969, [[Begum Rokeya Padak]] in 1996 and [[Ekushey Padak]] in 2000 by the [[Government of Bangladesh]] for her contributions to Bangla literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://banglaacademy.org.bd/?page_id=1315|script-title=bn:পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্তদের তালিকা|language=bn|trans-title=Winners list|accessdate=23 August 2017|publisher=Bangla Academy|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606222807/http://banglaacademy.org.bd/?page_id=1315|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ekushey>{{cite news|url= http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/page/c706da0c-29ee-4f0f-95d9-fa6705e19001/|script-title=bn:একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ|accessdate=23 August 2017|publisher=Government of Bangladesh|language=bn|trans-title=Ekushey Padak winners list}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Nilima was born on 11 January 1921 in Bagerhat, Khulna to Zamindar Prafulla Roy Chowdhury and Kusum Kumari Devi.<ref name=Nilima_Ibrahim>{{cite web|url=http://gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=190|title= নীলিমা ইব্রাহিম|accessdate=2012-11-26}}</ref> Nilima passed her school leaving examination and entrance level examinations from the Khulna Coronation Girls' School in 1937 and from the Victoria Institution in Calcutta in 1939.<ref name=Nilima/> Later she earned bachelor's degrees in arts and teaching from the [[Scottish Church College]], which was followed by an MA in Bengali literature from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1943.<ref name=Nilima/> She would also earn a doctorate in Bengali literature from the [[University of Dhaka]] in 1959.<ref name=Nilima/><ref name=Nilima_Ibrahim/>
'''Neelima''' was born on 11 October 1921 in Bagerhat, Khulna to Zamindar Prafulla Roy Chowdhury and Kusum Kumari Devi.<ref name=gunijan>{{cite web|url=http://gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=190|script-title= bn:নীলিমা ইব্রাহিম|website=Gunijan |language=bn |accessdate=26 November 2012}}</ref> Ibrahim passed her school leaving examination and entrance level examinations from the Khulna Coronation Girls' School in 1937 and from the Victoria Institution in Calcutta in 1939.<ref name=bpedia/> Later she earned bachelor's degrees in arts and teaching from the [[Scottish Church College]], which was followed by an MA in Bengali literature from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1943.<ref name=bpedia/> She would also earn a doctorate in Bengali literature from the [[University of Dhaka]] in 1959.<ref name=bpedia/><ref name=gunijan/>


==Career==
==Career==
Nilima was a career academic. She taught in respectively the Khulna Coronation Girls' School, Loreto House, the Victoria Institution, and finally at the [[University of Dhaka]], where she was appointed as a lecturer in 1956, and as a professor of Bengali in 1972.<ref name=Nilima_Ibrahim/> She also served as the chairperson of the [[Bangla Academy]], and as the Vice Chairperson of the World Women's Federation's South Asian Zone.<ref name=Nilima/><ref name=Nilima_Ibrahim/>
'''Neelima''' was a career academic. She taught in respectively the Khulna Coronation Girls' School, Loreto House, the Victoria Institution, and finally at the [[University of Dhaka]], where she was appointed as a lecturer in 1956, and as a professor of Bengali in 1972.<ref name=gunijan/> She also served as the chairperson of the [[Bangla Academy]], and as the Vice Chairperson of the World Women's Federation's South Asian Zone.<ref name=bpedia/><ref name=gunijan/>

In 1972, after the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], Ibrahim worked at centers set up to rehabilitate women who had been raped during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ibrahim |first=Nilima |translator-last=Hasanat |translator-first=Fayeza |date=26 March 2016 |title=As a War Heroine, I Speak |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/independence-day-2016/war-heroine-i-speak-1199590 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> Such women were accorded the title ''[[Birangona]]'' (war heroine) by the Government of Bangladesh,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mahtab |first=Moyukh |date=16 December 2016 |title=The Birangona beyond her wound |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/victory-day-2016-special/the-birangona-beyond-her-wound-1330312 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> but this did not prevent them from being stigmatized. Appalled by newspaper accounts that some victims of sexual violence preferred to be sent to prisoner of war camps in India with their Pakistani rapists, rather than endure familial rejection and social scorn in Bangladesh, Ibrahim was moved to interview them.<ref name="Azim2012">{{cite book |last=Azim |first=Firdous |chapter=Keeping Sexuality on the Agenda |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOr5rxXE5UcC&pg=PA281 |year=2012 |editor-last1=Loomba |editor-first1=Ania |editor1-link=Ania Loomba |editor-last2=Lukose |editor-first2=Ritty A. |title=South Asian Feminisms |publisher=Duke University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/southasianfemini00unse/page/273 273] |isbn=978-0-8223-5179-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/southasianfemini00unse/page/273 }}</ref><ref name="Azim2014">{{cite journal |last=Azim |first=Firdous |date=Winter 2014 – Spring 2015 |title=Speaking the Unspeakable or the Limits of Representability |journal=Society, Culture and Development |volume=41 |issue=3/4 |pages=252 |jstor=24390793}}</ref>

She published a collection of seven of these first-person narratives in her two-volume ''Ami Birangona Bolchi'' (''The Voices of War Heroines'') in 1994 and 1995.<ref name="Mookherjee2010">{{cite book |last=Mookherjee |first=Nayanika |chapter=Friendships and Encounters on the Political Left in Bangladesh |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYWpAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA78 |year=2010 |editor-last1=Armbruster |editor-first1=Heidi |editor-last2=Lærke |editor-first2=Anna |title=Taking Sides: Ethics, Politics, and Fieldwork in Anthropology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYWpAQAAQBAJ |publisher=Berghahn Books |page=78 |isbn=978-1-84545-701-3}}</ref> Social anthropologist Nayanika Mookherjee writes that, "The text suggests that ... 'traditional, backward Islamic norms' cause the rejection of raped women and contribute to their trauma."<ref name="Mookherjee2010" /> Bangladeshi academic [[Firdous Azim]] describes the book as "path-breaking"<ref name="Azim2014" /> and "an integral part of a feminist historicizing of the war of liberation in Bangladesh."<ref name="Azim2012" />


==Works==
==Works==
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===Autobiography===
===Autobiography===
*''Bindu-Visarga'' (Dot and Ghost), 1991
*''Bindu-Bisarga'' (Dot and Ghost), 1991


===Narratives/Ethnography===
===Narratives/Ethnography===
*''Ami Virangana Bolchhi'' (I, the Heroine, Speaks), 1996
*''Ami Birangana Bolchhi'' (I, the Heroine, Speaks), 1996


==Awards==
==Awards==
* [[Bangla Academy Award]] (1969)
* [[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] (1969)
* Michael Madhusudan Award (1987)
* Michael Madhusudan Award (1987)
* Lekhika Sangha Award (1989)
* Lekhika Sangha Award (1989)
* [[Anannya Top Ten Awards#Anannya Literature Award|Anannya Literature Award]] (1996)
* Ananya Literary Award (1996)
* [[Begum Rokeya]] Medal (1996)
* [[Begum Rokeya Padak]] (1996)
* Bangabandhu Award (1997)
* Bangabandhu Award (1997)
* [[Ekushey Padak]] (2000)
* [[Ekushey Padak]] (2000)
* The Independence Award (Swadhinata Puroshkar) (2011)


==References==
==References==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Nilima}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Nilima}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
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[[Category:People from Khulna]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi women writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi women writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:Women in war in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi secularists]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College, Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Dhaka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Independence Day Award]]
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[[Category:Torture in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Women in warfare post-1945]]
[[Category:Recipients of Begum Rokeya Padak]]
[[Category:People from Khulna]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:People from Khulna Division]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Independence Day Award]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League central committee members]]

Latest revision as of 14:11, 31 October 2023

Neelima Ibrahim
নীলিমা ইব্রাহীম
Director General of Bangla Academy
In office
12 August 1974 – 6 June 1975
Preceded byMazharul Islam
Succeeded byMustafa Nur-Ul Islam
Personal details
Born
Neelima Roy Chowdhury

(1921-10-11)11 October 1921
Mulghar, Fakirhat, Bagerhat, British India
Died18 June 2002(2002-06-18) (aged 81)
Dhaka, Bangladesh
NationalityBangladeshi
SpouseMuhammad Ibrahim
EducationPhD (Bengali literature)
Alma mater
Occupationwriter, educationist
Awardsfull list

Neelima Ibrahim (11 October 1921 – 18 June 2002) was a Bangladeshi educationist, littérateur and social worker. She is well known for her scholarship on Bengali literature but even more so for her depiction of raped and tortured women in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War in her book Ami Birangana Bolchi.[1] She was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1969, Begum Rokeya Padak in 1996 and Ekushey Padak in 2000 by the Government of Bangladesh for her contributions to Bangla literature.[2][3]

Early life and education

[edit]

Neelima was born on 11 October 1921 in Bagerhat, Khulna to Zamindar Prafulla Roy Chowdhury and Kusum Kumari Devi.[4] Ibrahim passed her school leaving examination and entrance level examinations from the Khulna Coronation Girls' School in 1937 and from the Victoria Institution in Calcutta in 1939.[1] Later she earned bachelor's degrees in arts and teaching from the Scottish Church College, which was followed by an MA in Bengali literature from the University of Calcutta in 1943.[1] She would also earn a doctorate in Bengali literature from the University of Dhaka in 1959.[1][4]

Career

[edit]

Neelima was a career academic. She taught in respectively the Khulna Coronation Girls' School, Loreto House, the Victoria Institution, and finally at the University of Dhaka, where she was appointed as a lecturer in 1956, and as a professor of Bengali in 1972.[4] She also served as the chairperson of the Bangla Academy, and as the Vice Chairperson of the World Women's Federation's South Asian Zone.[1][4]

In 1972, after the Bangladesh Liberation War, Ibrahim worked at centers set up to rehabilitate women who had been raped during the conflict.[5] Such women were accorded the title Birangona (war heroine) by the Government of Bangladesh,[6] but this did not prevent them from being stigmatized. Appalled by newspaper accounts that some victims of sexual violence preferred to be sent to prisoner of war camps in India with their Pakistani rapists, rather than endure familial rejection and social scorn in Bangladesh, Ibrahim was moved to interview them.[7][8]

She published a collection of seven of these first-person narratives in her two-volume Ami Birangona Bolchi (The Voices of War Heroines) in 1994 and 1995.[9] Social anthropologist Nayanika Mookherjee writes that, "The text suggests that ... 'traditional, backward Islamic norms' cause the rejection of raped women and contribute to their trauma."[9] Bangladeshi academic Firdous Azim describes the book as "path-breaking"[8] and "an integral part of a feminist historicizing of the war of liberation in Bangladesh."[7]

Works

[edit]

Non-fiction

[edit]
  • Sharat-Pratibha (The Creative Faculty of Sharatchanda), 1960,
  • Banglar Kavi Madhusudan (Madhushudan, the Poet of Bengal), 1961,
  • Unabingsha Shatabdir Bangali Samaj o Bangla Natak (Bengali Society and Bengali Drama in the 19th century), 1964,
  • Bangla Natak: Utsa o Dhara (Bengali Drama: Origin and Development), 1972,
  • Begum Rokeya, 1974,
  • Bangalimanas o Bangla Sahitya (Bengali Mentality and Bengali Literature), 1987,
  • Sahitya-Sangskrtir Nana Prasanga (Various Aspects of Literature and Culture), 1991

Fiction

[edit]
  • Bish Shataker Meye (Girl of the Twentieth Century), 1958,
  • Ek Path Dui Bank (The Forked Road), 1958,
  • Keyabana Sancharini (Traveller of Keya Forest), 1958,
  • Banhi Balay (The Bangle of Fire), 1985

Plays

[edit]
  • Due Due Char (Two and Two Make Four), 1964,
  • Je Aranye Alo Nei (The Dark Forest), 1974,
  • Rodjwala Bikel (The Sunburnt Afternoon), 1974,
  • Suryaster Par (After Sunset), 1974

Short stories

[edit]
  • Ramna Parke (At Ramna Park), 1964

Translations

[edit]
  • Eleanor Roosevelt, 1955,
  • Kathashilpi James Fenimor Cooper (Storyteller James Fenimore Cooper), 1968,
  • Bostoner Pathe Pathe (On the Streets of Boston), 1969

Travelogue

[edit]
  • Shahi Elakar Pathe Pathe (Along the Royal Streets), 1963

Autobiography

[edit]
  • Bindu-Bisarga (Dot and Ghost), 1991

Narratives/Ethnography

[edit]
  • Ami Birangana Bolchhi (I, the Heroine, Speaks), 1996

Awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Ibrahim, Nilima". In Islam, Sirajul; Ali, Zeenat (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ^ পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্তদের তালিকা [Winners list] (in Bengali). Bangla Academy. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  3. ^ একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ [Ekushey Padak winners list] (in Bengali). Government of Bangladesh. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d নীলিমা ইব্রাহিম. Gunijan (in Bengali). Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  5. ^ Ibrahim, Nilima (26 March 2016). "As a War Heroine, I Speak". The Daily Star. Translated by Hasanat, Fayeza.
  6. ^ Mahtab, Moyukh (16 December 2016). "The Birangona beyond her wound". The Daily Star.
  7. ^ a b Azim, Firdous (2012). "Keeping Sexuality on the Agenda". In Loomba, Ania; Lukose, Ritty A. (eds.). South Asian Feminisms. Duke University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-8223-5179-5.
  8. ^ a b Azim, Firdous (Winter 2014 – Spring 2015). "Speaking the Unspeakable or the Limits of Representability". Society, Culture and Development. 41 (3/4): 252. JSTOR 24390793.
  9. ^ a b Mookherjee, Nayanika (2010). "Friendships and Encounters on the Political Left in Bangladesh". In Armbruster, Heidi; Lærke, Anna (eds.). Taking Sides: Ethics, Politics, and Fieldwork in Anthropology. Berghahn Books. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-84545-701-3.
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