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{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
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[[File:Milarepa-statue-made-by-root-student-rechungpa.jpg|thumb|238px|A famous statue of Milarepa brought from Nyanang Phelgyeling Monastery, Tibet]]
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[[File:Milarepa-statue-made-by-root-student-rechungpa.jpg|thumb|399x399px|A famous statue of Milarepa brought from Nyanang Phelgyeling Monastery, Tibet]]
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
'''UJetsun Milarepa''' ({{bo|t=རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ|w=rje btsun mi la ras pa}}) (c. 1052 – c. 1135 [[Common Era|CE]]) is generally considered one of [[Tibet]]'s most famous [[yogi]]s and poets. He was a student of [[Marpa Lotsawa]], and a major figure in the history of the [[Kagyu]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
'''UJetsun Milarepa''' ({{bo|t=རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ|w=rje btsun mi la ras pa}}) (c. 1052 – c. 1135 [[Common Era|CE]]) is generally considered one of [[Tibet]]'s most famous [[yogi]]s and poets. He was a student of [[Marpa Lotsawa]], and a major figure in the history of the [[Kagyu]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]].{{sfn|Quintman|p=536}}


==Early life==
==Biography==
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[[File:Gompa at Milarepa's cave.JPG|thumb|Overlooking Pelgyeling Gompa at [[Milarepa's Cave]], Tibet.]]
Born in the village of Kya Ngatsa – also known as Tsa – in [[Mangyül Gungthang|Gungthang]], a province of western Tibet, to a prosperous family, he was named '''Mila Thöpaga''' (Thos-pa-dga'), which means "A joy to hear." His family name, Josay, indicates noble descent, a [[sept]] of the ''Khyungpo'' or eagle clan.<ref>[[Tsangnyön Heruka|Gtsang-smyon He-ru-ka]], ''The life of Milarepa,'' tr. Lobsang Phuntshok Lhalungpa, Viking Press, 1979, p.12</ref>
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[[File:Sekhar Gutog monastery in Lhodrag near Bhutan.jpg|thumb|The nine storey tower that Milarepa single-handedly built, Sekhar Gutok, Lhodrag, Tibet.]]


Milarepa's life-story is famous in the Tibetan culture, and retold many times. The best-known biography, ''The Life of Milarepa'', written in the fifteenth century, is still very popular.{{sfn|Quintman|p=536}}
==Sorcery==
When his father died, Milarepa's uncle and aunt took all of the family's wealth. At his mother's request, Milarepa left home and studied [[Magic (paranormal)|sorcery]]. While his aunt and uncle were having a party to celebrate the impending marriage of their son, he took his revenge by summoning a giant hailstorm to demolish their house, killing 35 people, although the uncle and aunt are supposed to have survived. The villagers were angry and set off to look for Milarepa, but his mother got word to him, and he sent a hailstorm to destroy their crops. {{citation needed|date=April 2015}}


Milarepa was born c.1052 in western Tibet to a prosperous family.<ref>[[Tsangnyön Heruka|Gtsang-smyon He-ru-ka]], ''The life of Milarepa,'' tr. Lobsang Phuntshok Lhalungpa, Viking Press, 1979, p.12</ref> When his father died, his family was bereft of their wealth. At his mother's request, Milarepa left home and studied [[Magic (paranormal)|sorcery]] to take revenge, killing many people.{{sfn|Quintman|p=536}}
Many of Milarepa's deeds took place in the homeland of Chö kyi Drönma, the [[Samding Dorje Phagmo]], and his life and songs were compiled by [[Tsangnyön Heruka]], sponsored by her brother, the Gungthang king Thri Namgyal De.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Life-Milarepa-Translation-Tibetan-Compass/dp/0140193502/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1346610870&sr=1-2&keywords=The+life+of+Milarepa The Life of Milarepa: A New Translation from the Tibetan translator Lobsang P. Lhalungpa written by He-Ru-Ka]</ref>


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Later he felt sorrow about his deeds, and became student of [[Marpa Lotsawa|Marpa the Translator]]. Before Marpa would teach Milarepa, he had him build and then demolish three towers in turn. Milarepa was asked to build one final multi-story tower by Marpa at Lhodrag, which still stands.<ref name="prm.ox.ac.uk">prm.ox.ac.uk: [http://tibet.prm.ox.ac.uk/photo_2001.59.4.50.1.html Sekhar Gutog monastery in Lhodrag near Bhutan]</ref> When Marpa still refused to teach Milarepa, he went to Marpa's wife, who took pity on him. She forged a letter of introduction to another teacher, [[Lama Ngogdun Chudor]], under whose tutelage he practiced [[meditation]]. However, when he was making no progress, he confessed the forgery and Ngogdun Chudor said that it was vain to hope for spiritual growth without the guru Marpa's approval. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
Milarepa later lamented his evil ways in his older years in conversation with Rechungpa: "In my youth I committed black deeds. In maturity I practised innocence. Now, released from both good and evil, I have destroyed the root of [[karma|karmic action]] and shall have no reason for action in the future. To say more than this would only cause weeping and laughter. What good would it do to tell you? I am an old man. Leave me in peace."<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Life-Milarepa-Translation-Tibetan-Compass/dp/0140193502/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1346610870&sr=1-2&keywords=The+life+of+Milarepa The Life of Milarepa: A New Translation from the Tibetan translator Lobsang P. Lhalungpa written by He-Ru-Ka p.12]</ref>

=== Supernatural running ===
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[[File:Gompa at Milarepa's cave.JPG|thumb|350px|Overlooking Pelgyeling Gompa at [[Milarepa's Cave]], Tibet.]]
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[[File:Sekhar Gutog monastery in Lhodrag near Bhutan.jpg|thumb|The nine storey tower that Milarepa single-handedly built, Sekhar Gutok, Lhodrag, Tibet.]]
According to the book ''Magic and Mystery in Tibet'' by French explorer [[Alexandra David-Néel]], Milarepa boasted of having "crossed in a few days, a distance which, before his training in [[black magic]], had taken him more than a month. He ascribes his gift to the clever control of 'internal air'." David-Néel comments "that at the house of the lama who taught him black magic there lived a trapa [monk] who was fleeter than a horse" using the same skill.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29182597|title=Magic and mystery in Tibet|last=1868-1969.|first=David-Néel, Alexandra,|date=1993|publisher=Time-Life Books|isbn=9780809484065|location=Alexandria, VA|oclc=29182597}}</ref> After witnessing such a monk David-Néel described how:{{quote|He seemed to lift himself from the ground.. His steps had the regularity of a pendulum ... the traveller seemed to be in a trance.<ref>{{Cite book| title = Magic and Mystery in Tibet | pages = 202, 203 | oclc=1330945 | id=Unknown ID 141797754<!--This may be intended to be ISBN 0-14-179775-4. However, that ISBN does not return any search results and could not have been assigned to a book in 1932.--> | first1 = Alexandra| last1 = David-Néel| year = 1932}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=DaJIpwIaqPAC&pg=PP1#v=onepage Gogle preview of alternate edition] [https://www.worldcat.org/title/magic-and-mystery-in-tibet/oclc/334457/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br WorldCat list of 60 versions]</ref>}}

This esoteric skill, which is known as ''Lung-gom-pa''<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Magic-Mystery-Tibet-Alexandra-David-Neel/dp/0486226824 Magic and Mystery in Tibet p.212]</ref> in Tibet, is said to allow a practitioner to run at an extraordinary speed for days without stopping. This technique could be compared to that practised by the [[Kaihōgyō]] monks of [[Mount Hiei]] and by practitioners of [[Shugendō]], [[Japan]].<ref>[http://www.runpunxsyrun.org/marathonmonks.html The run of a lifetime] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117225316/http://www.runpunxsyrun.org/marathonmonks.html |date=2006-11-17 }}</ref>

== Tutelage under Marpa ==
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Knowing that his revenge was wrong, Milarepa (then known by his boyhood name 'Fortuitous') set out to find a [[lama]] and was led to [[Marpa Lotsawa|Marpa the Translator]]. Marpa proved a hard taskmaster. Before Marpa would teach Milarepa he had him build and then demolish three towers in turn. Milarepa was asked to build one final multi-story tower by Marpa at Lhodrag: this 11th century tower still stands.<ref name="prm.ox.ac.uk">prm.ox.ac.uk: [http://tibet.prm.ox.ac.uk/photo_2001.59.4.50.1.html Sekhar Gutog monastery in Lhodrag near Bhutan]</ref> When Marpa still refused to teach Milarepa, he went to Marpa's wife, who took pity on him. She forged a letter of introduction to another teacher, [[Lama Ngogdun Chudor]], under whose tutelage he practiced [[meditation]]. However, when he was making no progress, he confessed the forgery and Ngogdun Chudor said that it was vain to hope for spiritual growth without the guru Marpa's approval. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}


Milarepa returned to Marpa, and was finally shown the spiritual teachings. Milarepa then left on his own, and after protracted diligence for 12 years he attained the state of ''[[Vajradhara]]'' (complete enlightenment). He then became known as Milarepa. 'Mila' is Tibetan for; 'great man', and 'repa' means; 'cotton clad one.' At the age of 45, he started to practice at [[Drakar Taso]] (White Rock Horse Tooth) cave – "[[Milarepa's Cave]]", as well as becoming a wandering teacher. Here, he subsisted on [[stinging nettle|nettle]] tea, leading his skin to turn green with a waxy covering, hence the greenish color he is often depicted as having, in paintings and sculpture. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
Milarepa returned to Marpa, and was finally shown the spiritual teachings. Milarepa then left on his own, and after protracted diligence for 12 years he attained the state of ''[[Vajradhara]]'' (complete enlightenment). He then became known as Milarepa. 'Mila' is Tibetan for; 'great man', and 'repa' means; 'cotton clad one.' At the age of 45, he started to practice at [[Drakar Taso]] (White Rock Horse Tooth) cave – "[[Milarepa's Cave]]", as well as becoming a wandering teacher. Here, he subsisted on [[stinging nettle|nettle]] tea, leading his skin to turn green with a waxy covering, hence the greenish color he is often depicted as having, in paintings and sculpture. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}


==''The Songs of Milarepa''==
==Monastery==
Nyanang Phelgyeling Monastery, also known as Sonam Gompa later in Nepal, which later became very famous in Nepal, is a [[:Category:Buddhist monasteries in Tibet|Tibetan Buddhist monastery]] in a tiny village called Nyanang in [[Tibet]] near the border of Nepal. Fortunately Nyanang Phelgyeling Monastery has the rare statue of Milerapa which was created by his own disciple (Bhu Rechung Pa ). The statue was created in the lifetime of Milarepa. The cave is consecrated to Milarepa. It is built around the [[Milarepa's Cave|cave]] where he once lived. "It was destroyed but has now been rebuilt and decorated by Nepali artisans. This is one of many caves associated with Milarepa between [[Langtang]] and [[Mount Everest|Jomolungma]]."<ref>Dowman, Keith. 1988. ''The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide''. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London & New York. {{ISBN|0-7102-1370-0}}, p. 282.</ref>

==Lineage==
[[File:Milarepa,_Pango_Chorten,_Gyantse.JPG|thumb|Milarepa statue, Pango Chorten, [[Gyantse]], Tibet.]]
[[File:Milarepa,_Pango_Chorten,_Gyantse.JPG|thumb|Milarepa statue, Pango Chorten, [[Gyantse]], Tibet.]]
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Milarepa's lama was Marpa Lotsāwa, whose guru was [[Naropa]], whose guru in turn was [[Tilopa]]. Milarepa is famous for many of his songs and poems, in which he expresses the profundity of his realization of the [[dharma]]. His songs were impulsive, not contrived or written down, and came about while he was immersed in enlightened states of consciousness. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}


⚫
Milarepa is famous for many of his songs and poems, in which he expresses the profundity of his realization of the [[dharma]]. His songs were impulsive, not contrived or written down, and came about while he was immersed in enlightened states of consciousness. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
Milarepa's life represented the ideal [[bodhisattva]], and is a testament to the unity and interdependency of all Buddhist teachings – [[Theravada]], [[Mahayana]] and [[Vajrayana]]. He showed that poverty is not a deprivation, but rather a component of emancipating oneself from the constrictions of material possessions; that Tantric practice entails discipline and steadfast perseverance; that without resolute renunciation and uncompromising discipline, as [[Gautama Buddha]] Himself stressed, all the sublime ideas and dazzling images depicted in Mahayana and Tantric Buddhism are no better than magnificent illusions.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40359306|title=The hundred thousand songs of Milarepa : the life-story and teaching of the greatest Poet-Saint ever to appear in the history of Buddhism = Rje-btsun Mi-la-ras-paʼi Mgur ʼbum bźugs so|last=1040-1123.|first=Mi-la-ras-pa,|date=1999|publisher=Shambhala|others=Zhang, Zhenji, 1920-|isbn=9781570624766|location=Boston|oclc=40359306}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946987421|title=The hundred thousand songs of Milarepa : a new translation|last=1040-1123,|first=Mi-la-ras-pa,|others=Gtsaṅ-smyon He-ru-ka, 1452-1507,, Stagg, Christopher,, Dzogchen Ponlop, Rinpoche, 1965-|isbn=9781559394482|edition= First|location=Boulder|oclc=946987421}}</ref> He also had many disciples, male and female,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=01jTbo8KAmsC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Rechungma&source=bl&ots=BRLkoVLPHd&sig=htaJyIZhOMwn3SCbHgEEoSBwKGs&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPP1,M1 Women in Tibet]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=01jTbo8KAmsC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Rechungma&source=bl&ots=BRLkoVLSDa&sig=64Y2LyN9UZEFY-BYPqbcNFD7zFU&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result Rechungma]</ref> including [[Rechung Dorje Drakpa]] and [[Gampopa]]. His female disciples include Rechungma, Padarbum, Sahle Aui and Tsheringma.<ref>[http://www.dharmafellowship.org/library/essays/women-buddhas.htm Website of Gyalwa Karmapa, see: Women Disciples of Milarepa]</ref> It was Gampopa who became Milarepa's spiritual successor, continued his lineage, and became one of the main lineage masters in Milarepa's tradition. {{citation needed|date=April 2015}}


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation | last =Quintman | first =Andrew | year =2004 | chapter =MI LA RAS PA (MILAREPA) | editor-last =Buswell | editor-first =Robert E. | title =Encyclopedia of Buddhism | publisher =MacMillan}}
{{refend}}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
;Biography
* ''Liberation in One Lifetime: Biographies and Teachings of Milarepa,'' by [[Francis Tiso]]. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, June 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-58394-793-7}}.
* ''The Yogin and the Madman: Reading the Biographical Corpus of Tibet's Great Saint Milarepa,'' by Andrew Quintman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-231-16415-3}}.
* ''Life Story of Milarepa, ''by Ken Albertsen, adapted from the translation by Lobsang P.Lhalungpa, Publications, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-879338-07-4}} (also available as audio-book).
* ''The Life of Milarepa'', translated by Andrew Quintman, Penguin Classics, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-14-310622-7}}
* ''The Life of Milarepa'', translated by Andrew Quintman, Penguin Classics, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-14-310622-7}}
* ''The Life of Milarepa'', translated by Lobsang P. Lhalungpa, Book Faith India, 1997, {{ISBN|81-7303-046-4}}
* ''The Life of Milarepa'', translated by Lobsang P. Lhalungpa, Book Faith India, 1997, {{ISBN|81-7303-046-4}}
* ''Milarepa: Songs on the Spot'', translated by Nicole Riggs, Dharma Cloud Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-9705639-3-0}}
* ''The Yogin and the Madman: Reading the Biographical Corpus of Tibet's Great Saint Milarepa,'' by Andrew Quintman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-231-16415-3}}

;Songs of Milarepa
* ''The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa: A New Translation'',Tsangnyön Heruka; under the guidance of [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]], translated by Christopher Stagg of the Nitartha Translation Network. Boulder, Shambhala, 2017. {{ISBN|9781559394482}} {{OCLC|946987421}}
* ''The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa: A New Translation'',Tsangnyön Heruka; under the guidance of [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]], translated by Christopher Stagg of the Nitartha Translation Network. Boulder, Shambhala, 2017. {{ISBN|9781559394482}} {{OCLC|946987421}}
* ''Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'', translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, {{ISBN|1-57062-476-3}}
* ''Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'', translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, {{ISBN|1-57062-476-3}}
* ''Tibet's Great Yogī Milarepa: A Biography from the Tibetan''. Edited by [[W. Y. Evans-Wentz]]. 1928. Oxford University Press. Paperback reprint 1974.
* ''The Yogi's Joy: Songs of Milarepa'' Sangharakshita, Windhorse Publications, 2006, {{ISBN|1-899579-66-4}}
* ''The Shadows of the Masters'', Leonardo Vittorio Arena, ebook, 2013.
* ''Drinking the Mountain Stream: Songs of Tibet’s Beloved Saint'', Wisdom Publications, {{ISBN|0-86171-063-0}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 06:57, 15 August 2018

For other uses, see Milarepa (disambiguation).
A famous statue of Milarepa brought from Nyanang Phelgyeling Monastery, Tibet
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UJetsun Milarepa (Tibetan: རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ, Wylie: rje btsun mi la ras pa) (c. 1052 – c. 1135 CE) is generally considered one of Tibet's most famous yogis and poets. He was a student of Marpa Lotsawa, and a major figure in the history of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.[1]

Biography

Overlooking Pelgyeling Gompa at Milarepa's Cave, Tibet.
The nine storey tower that Milarepa single-handedly built, Sekhar Gutok, Lhodrag, Tibet.

Milarepa's life-story is famous in the Tibetan culture, and retold many times. The best-known biography, The Life of Milarepa, written in the fifteenth century, is still very popular.[1]

Milarepa was born c.1052 in western Tibet to a prosperous family.[2] When his father died, his family was bereft of their wealth. At his mother's request, Milarepa left home and studied sorcery to take revenge, killing many people.[1]

Later he felt sorrow about his deeds, and became student of Marpa the Translator. Before Marpa would teach Milarepa, he had him build and then demolish three towers in turn. Milarepa was asked to build one final multi-story tower by Marpa at Lhodrag, which still stands.[3] When Marpa still refused to teach Milarepa, he went to Marpa's wife, who took pity on him. She forged a letter of introduction to another teacher, Lama Ngogdun Chudor, under whose tutelage he practiced meditation. However, when he was making no progress, he confessed the forgery and Ngogdun Chudor said that it was vain to hope for spiritual growth without the guru Marpa's approval. [citation needed]

Milarepa returned to Marpa, and was finally shown the spiritual teachings. Milarepa then left on his own, and after protracted diligence for 12 years he attained the state of Vajradhara (complete enlightenment). He then became known as Milarepa. 'Mila' is Tibetan for; 'great man', and 'repa' means; 'cotton clad one.' At the age of 45, he started to practice at Drakar Taso (White Rock Horse Tooth) cave – "Milarepa's Cave", as well as becoming a wandering teacher. Here, he subsisted on nettle tea, leading his skin to turn green with a waxy covering, hence the greenish color he is often depicted as having, in paintings and sculpture. [citation needed]

The Songs of Milarepa

Milarepa statue, Pango Chorten, Gyantse, Tibet.

Milarepa is famous for many of his songs and poems, in which he expresses the profundity of his realization of the dharma. His songs were impulsive, not contrived or written down, and came about while he was immersed in enlightened states of consciousness. [citation needed]

  • Bhutanese painted thanka of Milarepa (1052-1135), Late 19th-early 20th century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
    Bhutanese painted thanka of Milarepa (1052-1135), Late 19th-early 20th century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
  • Milarepa, Tempera on cotton, 21x30 cm, 2008 Otgonbayar Ershuu
    Milarepa, Tempera on cotton, 21x30 cm, 2008 Otgonbayar Ershuu
  • Tibetan or Nepalese painted thanka of Milarepa, 19th century, mineral pigments and gold on cotton clothes of Nepal.
    Tibetan or Nepalese painted thanka of Milarepa, 19th century, mineral pigments and gold on cotton clothes of Nepal.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Quintman, p. 536.
  2. ^ Gtsang-smyon He-ru-ka, The life of Milarepa, tr. Lobsang Phuntshok Lhalungpa, Viking Press, 1979, p.12
  3. ^ prm.ox.ac.uk: Sekhar Gutog monastery in Lhodrag near Bhutan

Sources

  • Quintman, Andrew (2004), "MI LA RAS PA (MILAREPA)", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, MacMillan

Further reading

Biography
  • The Life of Milarepa, translated by Andrew Quintman, Penguin Classics, 2010, ISBN 978-0-14-310622-7
  • The Life of Milarepa, translated by Lobsang P. Lhalungpa, Book Faith India, 1997, ISBN 81-7303-046-4
  • The Yogin and the Madman: Reading the Biographical Corpus of Tibet's Great Saint Milarepa, by Andrew Quintman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-231-16415-3
Songs of Milarepa
  • The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa: A New Translation,Tsangnyön Heruka; under the guidance of Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, translated by Christopher Stagg of the Nitartha Translation Network. Boulder, Shambhala, 2017. ISBN 9781559394482 OCLC 946987421
  • Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa, translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, ISBN 1-57062-476-3

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