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Coordinates: 54°52′20″N 25°04′00″E / 54.87222°N 25.06667°E / 54.87222; 25.06667
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{{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
|name = Maišiagala
|name = Maišiagala
|other_name =
|image_skyline=Maisiagala church.jpg
|image_skyline=Maisiagala church.jpg
|settlement_type =Town
|settlement_type =Town
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|pushpin_label_position=left
|pushpin_label_position=left
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Maišiagala
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Maišiagala
|image_shield =Maisiagala COA.gif
|image_shield =Maišiagala COA.gif
|coordinates = {{coord|54|52|20|N|25|04|00|E|region:LT_type:city(2000)|display=inline,title}}
|latd=54|latm=52|lats=20|latNS=N|longd=25|longm=04|longs=00|longEW=E|
|
|coordinates_display =inline,title
|coordinates_type =region:LT_type:city(2000)
|subdivision_type =[[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type =[[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name ={{flag|Lithuania}}
|subdivision_name ={{flag|Lithuania}}
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Lithuania|County]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Lithuania|County]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[Vilnius County]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[File:Vilnius County flag.svg|20px]] [[Vilnius County]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[List of municipalities of Lithuania|Municipality]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[List of municipalities of Lithuania|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Vilnius district municipality]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Vilnius district municipality]]
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|subdivision_name4 =Maišiagala eldership
|subdivision_name4 =Maišiagala eldership
|subdivision_type6 =[[Capital (political)|Capital of]]
|subdivision_type6 =[[Capital (political)|Capital of]]
|subdivision_name6 =Maišiagala eldership
|subdivision_name6 =[[Maišiagala Eldership]]
|established_date =1254
|established_date =1254
|established_title =First mentioned
|established_title =First mentioned
|population_total =1,634
|population_total =1,562
|population_as_of =2001
|population_as_of =2021
|timezone =[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|timezone =[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset =+2
|utc_offset =+2
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|utc_offset_DST =+3}}
|utc_offset_DST =+3}}


'''Maišiagala''' ({{lang-pl|Mejszagoła}}) is a historic town in [[Vilnius district municipality]], [[Lithuania]]. It is located about {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Vilnius]] near the [[A2 highway (Lithuania)|Vilnius–Panevėžys highway]]. According to the 2001 census, it had population of 1,634.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vilniaus apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai|url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/Vilniaus_apskritis.pdf|publisher=Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania|year=2003|page=121|location=Vilnius|isbn=9955-588-04-7|language=lt}}</ref>
'''Maišiagala''' is a historic town in [[Vilnius district municipality]], [[Lithuania]]. It is located about {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Vilnius city municipality]] near the [[A2 highway (Lithuania)|Vilnius–Panevėžys highway]]. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 1 562, a decrease from 1,636, registered at the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statistics.bookdesign.lt/table_125_06.htm?lang=en|title=2011 census|publisher=Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania)|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Maišiagala, first mentioned in 1254, is one of the earliest Lithuanian settlements. It had a large defensive castle, which was part of the defensive network around Vilnius against the [[Teutonic Knights]]. The wooden castle was destroyed in 1365, but was rebuilt. According to [[Jan Dlugosz]], [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Algirdas]] died in this castle in 1377.<ref name=sema>{{cite book|last=Semaška| first=Algimantas|title=Kelionių vadovas po Lietuvą: 1000 lankytinų vietovių norintiems geriau pažinti gimtąjį kraštą|edition=4th ed.|year=2006|publisher=Algimantas|location=Vilnius|isbn=9986-509-90-4|pages=363–364|language=lt}}</ref> After the [[Christianization of Lithuania]] in 1387, Maišiagala was one of the seven towns in Lithuania where a Catholic church was built.<ref name=kvik/> In 1390, during the [[Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)|Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–1392]], the castle was burned down and was not rebuilt.
Maišiagala, first mentioned in 1254, is one of the earliest Lithuanian settlements. It had a large defensive castle, which was part of the defensive network around Vilnius against the [[Teutonic Knights]]. The wooden castle was destroyed in 1365, but was rebuilt. According to [[Jan Długosz]], [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Algirdas]] died in this castle in 1377.<ref name=sema>{{cite book|last=Semaška| first=Algimantas|title=Kelionių vadovas po Lietuvą: 1000 lankytinų vietovių norintiems geriau pažinti gimtąjį kraštą|edition=4th|year=2006|publisher=Algimantas|location=Vilnius|isbn=9986-509-90-4|pages=363–364|language=lt}}</ref> After the [[Christianization of Lithuania]] in 1387, Maišiagala was one of the seven towns in Lithuania where a Catholic church was built.<ref name=kvik/> In 1390, during the [[Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)|Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–1392]], the castle was burned down and was not rebuilt.


The town continued to exist, growing as a trading center, and was granted city privileges sometime in mid-16th century. Its coat of arms depicted Saint [[Anthony of Padua]]. At the time it was royal property and King [[Sigismund I the Old]] built a castle for his Italian wife [[Bona Sforza]].<ref name=sema/> Therefore the old [[hill fort]] is sometimes known as Bona's Hill. Sigismund also reconstructed the town church. After extinction of the [[Jagiellon dynasty]], Maišiagala lost its status as royal summer residence and began to decline.<ref name=kvik>{{cite book|title=Mūsų Lietuva|volume=I|first=Bronius|last=Kviklys|year=1964–1968|publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla|location=Boston|oclc=3303503|pages=176–178|language=lt}}</ref> It became property of various nobles: first [[Sapieha]], then [[Tyzenhaus family]].<ref name=sema/> In 1805 the Houvalt family bought the town from heirs of [[Ignacy Massalski]], [[Bishop of Vilnius]].<ref name=kvik/> They built a manor, which now houses a school, in the [[Neoclassical architecture|Classical style]].
The town continued to exist, growing as a trading center, and was granted [[city privileges]] sometime in mid-16th century. Its coat of arms depicted Saint [[Anthony of Padua]]. At the time it was a [[royal city]] and [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Sigismund I the Old]] built a castle for his Italian wife [[Bona Sforza]].<ref name=sema/> Therefore, the old [[hill fort]] is sometimes known as Bona's Hill. Sigismund also reconstructed the town church. After extinction of the [[Jagiellon dynasty]], Maišiagala lost its status as royal summer residence and began to decline.<ref name=kvik>{{cite book|title=Mūsų Lietuva|volume=I|first=Bronius|last=Kviklys|year=1964–1968|publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla|location=Boston|oclc=3303503|pages=176–178|language=lt}}</ref> It became property of various nobles: first [[Sapieha]], then [[Tyzenhaus family]].<ref name=sema/> In 1805 the [[Houvalt family]] bought the town from heirs of [[Ignacy Massalski]], [[Bishop of Vilnius]].<ref name=kvik/> They built a manor, which now houses a school, in the [[Neoclassical architecture|Classical style]].


After [[World War I]], the town was a target of clashes in the [[Polish–Lithuanian War]]. After [[Żeligowski's Mutiny]] in 1920, it became part of the [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920-1922), which merged into the [[Second Polish Republic]] in 1922. After the [[Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty]] of 1939, Lithuania acquired the town.
After World War I, the town was a target of clashes in the [[Polish–Lithuanian War]]. After [[Żeligowski's Mutiny]] in 1920, it became part of the [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922), which merged into the [[Second Polish Republic]] in 1922. After the [[Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty]] of 1939, Lithuania acquired the town.

==History of the Jews of Maišiagala==
{{Original research section|date=February 2024}}{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}
Between World War I and World War II the Jewish population was estimated to be around 700 people, approximately a third of the total population of the town at the time. At the end of 1939 with the transfer of Vilnius to a local governance, the first Pogrom on the Jewish population happened, just as Vilnius was transferred to the local governance. A second Pogrom happened after the Soviets evacuated the area at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa.
As the area was conquered by the Germans, The local Jewish population was forced into hard labor, and at the end of July 1941 they were all concentrated in the local Ghetto at the poorest part of the town, and were forced to pay heavy taxes.
At the end of September 1941, at a small town next to Maišiagala called Vilnova, the rest of the Jewish population was murdered by the German and Local police.


Among its natives was the great Jewish philosopher Rabbi [[David Cohen (rabbi)|David ("the Nazirite") Cohen]].
Among its natives was the great Jewish philosopher Rabbi [[David Cohen (rabbi)|David ("the Nazirite") Cohen]].

== Demography ==

According to the census of 2021, there were 1,562 inhabitants in Maišiagala and 2,822 in the whole [[Maišiagala Eldership]]. The ethnographic composition of the eldership was the following: 1094 or 38,8% [[Lithuanians]], 1296 or 45,9% [[Poles in Lithuania|Poles]], 286 or 10,1% [[Russians in Lithuania|Russians]], 45 or 1,6% [[Belarusians in Lithuania|Belarusians]], 15 or 0,5% [[Ukrainians in Lithuania|Ukrainians]] and 82 or 2,9% other peoples.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{commons category|Maišiagala}}
{{Commons category|Maišiagala}}
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|2616452|Maišiagala, Lithuania}}


{{Vilnius County}}
{{Vilnius County}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maisiagala}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maisiagala}}
[[Category:Towns in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Towns in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Towns in Vilnius County]]
[[Category:Towns in Vilnius County]]
[[Category:Vilnius district municipality]]
[[Category:Vilnius District Municipality]]
[[Category:Vilna Governorate]]
[[Category:Vilnius Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Republic of Central Lithuania]]
[[Category:Vilensky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Wilno Voivodeship (1926–39)]]
[[Category:Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)]]

Revision as of 14:05, 7 February 2024

Maišiagala
Town
Coat of arms of Maišiagala
Coat of arms
Maišiagala is located in Lithuania
Maišiagala
Maišiagala
Location of Maišiagala
Coordinates: 54°52′20″N 25°04′00″E / 54.87222°N 25.06667°E / 54.87222; 25.06667
Country Lithuania
County Vilnius County
MunicipalityVilnius district municipality
EldershipMaišiagala eldership
Capital ofMaišiagala Eldership
First mentioned1254
Population
 (2021)
 • Total1,562
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Maišiagala is a historic town in Vilnius district municipality, Lithuania. It is located about 17 km (11 mi) northwest of Vilnius city municipality near the Vilnius–Panevėžys highway. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 1 562, a decrease from 1,636, registered at the 2011 census.[1]

History

Maišiagala, first mentioned in 1254, is one of the earliest Lithuanian settlements. It had a large defensive castle, which was part of the defensive network around Vilnius against the Teutonic Knights. The wooden castle was destroyed in 1365, but was rebuilt. According to Jan Długosz, Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas died in this castle in 1377.[2] After the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, Maišiagala was one of the seven towns in Lithuania where a Catholic church was built.[3] In 1390, during the Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–1392, the castle was burned down and was not rebuilt.

The town continued to exist, growing as a trading center, and was granted city privileges sometime in mid-16th century. Its coat of arms depicted Saint Anthony of Padua. At the time it was a royal city and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund I the Old built a castle for his Italian wife Bona Sforza.[2] Therefore, the old hill fort is sometimes known as Bona's Hill. Sigismund also reconstructed the town church. After extinction of the Jagiellon dynasty, Maišiagala lost its status as royal summer residence and began to decline.[3] It became property of various nobles: first Sapieha, then Tyzenhaus family.[2] In 1805 the Houvalt family bought the town from heirs of Ignacy Massalski, Bishop of Vilnius.[3] They built a manor, which now houses a school, in the Classical style.

After World War I, the town was a target of clashes in the Polish–Lithuanian War. After Żeligowski's Mutiny in 1920, it became part of the Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922), which merged into the Second Polish Republic in 1922. After the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty of 1939, Lithuania acquired the town.

History of the Jews of Maišiagala

Between World War I and World War II the Jewish population was estimated to be around 700 people, approximately a third of the total population of the town at the time. At the end of 1939 with the transfer of Vilnius to a local governance, the first Pogrom on the Jewish population happened, just as Vilnius was transferred to the local governance. A second Pogrom happened after the Soviets evacuated the area at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. As the area was conquered by the Germans, The local Jewish population was forced into hard labor, and at the end of July 1941 they were all concentrated in the local Ghetto at the poorest part of the town, and were forced to pay heavy taxes. At the end of September 1941, at a small town next to Maišiagala called Vilnova, the rest of the Jewish population was murdered by the German and Local police.

Among its natives was the great Jewish philosopher Rabbi David ("the Nazirite") Cohen.

Demography

According to the census of 2021, there were 1,562 inhabitants in Maišiagala and 2,822 in the whole Maišiagala Eldership. The ethnographic composition of the eldership was the following: 1094 or 38,8% Lithuanians, 1296 or 45,9% Poles, 286 or 10,1% Russians, 45 or 1,6% Belarusians, 15 or 0,5% Ukrainians and 82 or 2,9% other peoples.

References

  1. ^ "2011 census". Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania). Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Semaška, Algimantas (2006). Kelionių vadovas po Lietuvą: 1000 lankytinų vietovių norintiems geriau pažinti gimtąjį kraštą (in Lithuanian) (4th ed.). Vilnius: Algimantas. pp. 363–364. ISBN 9986-509-90-4.
  3. ^ a b c Kviklys, Bronius (1964–1968). Mūsų Lietuva (in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 176–178. OCLC 3303503.
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