1965: Difference between revisions

1965 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1965; MCMLXV
Ab urbe condita	2718
Armenian calendar	1414; ԹՎ ՌՆԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	6715
Baháʼí calendar	121–122
Balinese saka calendar	1886–1887
Bengali calendar	1372
Berber calendar	2915
British Regnal year	13 Eliz. 2 – 14 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2509
Burmese calendar	1327
Byzantine calendar	7473–7474
Chinese calendar	甲辰年 (Wood Dragon); 4662 or 4455; — to —; 乙巳年 (Wood Snake); 4663 or 4456
Coptic calendar	1681–1682
Discordian calendar	3131
Ethiopian calendar	1957–1958
Hebrew calendar	5725–5726
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2021–2022
- Shaka Samvat	1886–1887
- Kali Yuga	5065–5066
Holocene calendar	11965
Igbo calendar	965–966
Iranian calendar	1343–1344
Islamic calendar	1384–1385
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 40; (昭和４０年)
Javanese calendar	1896–1897
Juche calendar	54
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4298
Minguo calendar	ROC 54; 民國54年
Nanakshahi calendar	497
Thai solar calendar	2508
Tibetan calendar	阳木龙年; (male Wood-Dragon); 2091 or 1710 or 938; — to —; 阴木蛇年; (female Wood-Snake); 2092 or 1711 or 939

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century; 20th century ; 21st century;
Decades:	1940s; 1950s; 1960s ; 1970s; 1980s;
Years:	1962; 1963; 1964; 1965 ; 1966; 1967; 1968;

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Revision as of 21:41, 1 May 2019

1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1965th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 965th year of the 2nd millennium, the 65th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1960s decade.

Events

January

January 1 – Canadian ship SS Catala is driven onto the beach in Ocean Shores, Washington, stranding her.
January 4 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaims his "Great Society" during his State of the Union address.
January 9 – The Mirzapur Cadet College formally opens for academic activities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
January 19 – The unmanned Gemini 2 is launched on a suborbital test of various spacecraft systems.
January 20
- Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term as President of the United States.
- Indonesian President Sukarno announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations.
January 26 – Anti-Hindi agitations break out in India, because of which Hindi does not get "National Language" status and remains one of the 23 official languages of India.
January 30 – The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill takes place in London with the largest assembly of statesmen in the world until the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II.^[1]

February

February 4 – Trofim Lysenko is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union. Lysenkoist theories are now treated as pseudoscience.^[2]^[3]
February 6 – English footballer Sir Stanley Matthews plays his final First Division game, at the record age of 50 years and 5 days.
February 12
- The African and Malagasy Common Organization (Organization Commune Africaine et Malgache; OCAM) is formed as successor to the Afro-Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation (Union Africaine et Malgache de Cooperation Economique; UAMCE), formerly the African and Malagasy Union (Union Africaine et Malgache; UAM).
- Malcolm X visits Smethwick following the racially charged 1964 general election.^[4]
February 15 – A new red and white maple leaf design is inaugurated as the flag of Canada, replacing the Union Flag and the Canadian Red Ensign.
February 18 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
February 20
- Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon, after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
- Suat Hayri Ürgüplü forms the new (interim) government of Turkey (29th government).
February 21 – African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X is assassinated in New York City.
February 22 – A new, revised, color production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella airs on CBS. Lesley Ann Warren makes her TV debut in the title role. The show becomes an annual tradition.

March

March 2
- Vietnam War: Operation Rolling Thunder – The United States Air Force 2nd Air Division, United States Navy and South Vietnamese air force begin a 3½-year aerial bombardment campaign against North Vietnam.
- The film of The Sound of Music premieres at the Rivoli Theater in New York City.
March 7 – Bloody Sunday: Some 200 Alabama State Troopers attack 525 civil rights demonstrators in Selma, Alabama, as they attempt to march to the state capitol of Montgomery.
March 8 – Vietnam War: Some 3,500 United States Marines arrive in Da Nang, South Vietnam, becoming the first American ground combat troops in Vietnam.
March 9 – The second attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., stops at the bridge that was the site of Bloody Sunday, to hold a prayer service and return to Selma, in obedience to a court restraining order. White supremacists beat white Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb later that day in Selma.
March 10
- An engagement is announced between Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven, who will become the first commoner and the first Dutchman to marry into the Dutch Royal Family.
- Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured 12 days after her escape.
March 11 – White Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb, beaten by White supremacists in Selma, Alabama, on March 9 following the second march from Selma, dies in a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama.
March 15 – President Lyndon B. Johnson makes his "We Shall Overcome" speech.
March 16 – Police clash with 600 SNCC marchers in Montgomery, Alabama.
March 17
- In Montgomery, Alabama, 1,600 civil rights marchers demonstrate at the Courthouse.
- In response to the events of March 7 and 9 in Selma, Alabama, President Lyndon B. Johnson sends a bill to Congress that forms the basis for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It is passed by the Senate May 26, the House July 10, and signed into law by President Johnson August 6.
March 18
- Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov leaves his Voskhod 2 spacecraft for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
- A United States federal judge rules that SCLC has the lawful right to march to Montgomery, Alabama, to petition for 'redress of grievances'.
March 19 – The wreck of the SS Georgiana is discovered off the Isle of Palms, South Carolina, by teenage diver E. Lee Spence, exactly 102 years after she was sunk.
March 20
- "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", sung by France Gall (music and lyrics by Serge Gainsbourg) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 for Luxembourg.
- The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins.
March 21
- Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9, which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. and others lead 3,200 civil rights activists in the third march from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery.
March 22 – Nicolae Ceaușescu becomes the first secretary of the Romanian Communist Party, after the sudden death of previous leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej on March 19 that year.
March 23
- Events of March 23, 1965: Large student demonstration in Morocco, joined by discontented masses, meets with violent police and military repression.
- Gemini 3: NASA launches the United States' first 2-person crew (Gus Grissom, John Young) into Earth orbit.
- The first issue of The Vigilant is published from Khartoum.
March 25 – Martin Luther King, Jr. and 25,000 civil rights activists successfully end the 4-day march from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery.
March 30
- Funeral services are held for Detroit homemaker Viola Liuzzo, who was shot dead by 4 Klansmen as she drove marchers back to Selma at night after the civil rights march.
- The second ODECA charter, signed on 12 December 1962, becomes effective.

April

April 3 – The world's first space nuclear power reactor, SNAP-10A, is launched by the United States from Vandenberg AFB, California. The reactor operates for 43 days and remains in low Earth orbit.
April 5 – At the 37th Academy Awards, My Fair Lady wins 8 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. Rex Harrison wins an Oscar for Best Actor. Mary Poppins takes home 5 Oscars. Julie Andrews wins an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role. Sherman Brothers receives 2 Oscars including Best Song, "Chim Chim Cher-ee".
April 6
- The Intelsat I ("Early Bird") communications satellite is launched. It becomes operational May 2 and is placed in commercial service in June.
- The British Government announces the cancellation of the TSR-2 aircraft project.
April 9
- The West German parliament extends the statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes.
- In Houston, the Harris County Domed Stadium (more commonly known as the Astrodome) opens.
- Charlie Brown and the Peanuts Gang appear on the cover of Time.
April 11 – The 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak: An estimated 51 tornadoes (47 confirmed) hit in 6 Midwestern states, killing between 256 and 271 people and injuring some 1,500 more.
April 14 – In Cold Blood killers Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, convicted of murdering 4 members of the Herbert Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas, are executed by hanging at the Kansas State Penitentiary for Men in Lansing, Kansas.
April 17 – The first Students for a Democratic Society march against the Vietnam War draws 25,000 protestors to Washington, D.C.
April 18 – Consecration of Saint Clement of Ohrid Macedonian Orthodox Cathedral in Toronto, Canada.
April 21 – The New York World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York, reopens.
April 23 – The Pennine Way officially opens.
April 24
- The 1965 Yerevan demonstrations start in Yerevan, demanding recognition of the Armenian Genocide.
- The bodies of Portuguese opposition politician Humberto Delgado and his secretary Arajaryr Moreira de Campos are found in a forest near Villanueva del Fresno, Spain (they were killed February 12).
- In the Dominican Republic, officers and civilians loyal to deposed President Juan Bosch mutiny against the right-wing junta running the country, setting up a provisional government. Forces loyal to the deposed military-imposed government stage a countercoup the next day, and civil war breaks out, although the new government retains its hold on power.
April 25 – Teenage sniper Michael Clark kills 3 and wounds others shooting at cars from a hilltop along Highway 101 just south of Orcutt, California. Sixteen-year-old Clark kills himself as police rush the hilltop.
April 26 – Rede Globo, the 3rd largest TV broadcaster of the world, is founded, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
April 28
- U.S. troops occupy the Dominican Republic.
- Vietnam War: Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon government (it is later revealed that Menzies had asked the leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the Americans).
April 29 – Australia announces that it is sending an infantry battalion to support the South Vietnam government.

May

May 1
- Bob Askin replaces Jack Renshaw as Premier of New South Wales.
- The Battle of Dong-Yin occurs as a conflict between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China.
- Liverpool wins the FA Cup Final, beating Leeds Utd 2–1.
May 5 – Forty men burn their draft cards at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coffin is marched to the Berkeley Draft Board.
May 6 – A tornado outbreak near the Twin Cities in Minnesota kills 13 and injures 683.
May 7 – The U.S. Steel freighter SS Cedarville collides with the SS Topdalsfjord and sinks near the Mackinac Bridge, killing 25. 10 are rescued from the Cedarville, the 3rd largest lake ship to sink after its sister the SS Carl D. Bradley, and the SS Edmund Fitzgerald.
May 9 – Pianist Vladimir Horowitz returns to the stage after a 12-year absence, performing a legendary concert in Carnegie Hall in New York.
May 12
- West Germany and Israel establish diplomatic relations.
- The Italian liner SS Michelangelo enters service.
May 13 – A West German court of appeals condemns the behavior of ex-defense minister Franz Josef Strauss during the Spiegel scandal.
May 21 – The largest antiwar teach-in to date begins at Berkeley, California, attended by 30,000.
May 22
- Several hundred Vietnam War protesters in Berkeley, California, march to the Draft Board again to burn 19 more cards. Lyndon Johnson is hung in effigy.
- The first skateboarding championship is held.
May 25 – Muhammad Ali knocks out Sonny Liston in the first round of their championship rematch with the "Phantom Punch" at the Central Maine Civic Center in Lewiston.
May 27 – Internazionale beats Benfica 1-0 at the San Siro, Milan and wins the 1964-65 European Cup (football).
May 29 – A mining accident in Dhanbad, India kills 274.
May 31 – Racing driver Jim Clark wins the Indianapolis 500, and later wins the Formula One world driving championship in the same year.

June

Green Library at Florida International University in Miami, Florida

June 1
- Florida International University is founded in Miami.
- A coal mine explosion in Fukuoka, Japan, kills 237.
June 2 – Vietnam War: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in South Vietnam.
June 3 – Gemini 4: Astronaut Ed White makes the first U.S. space walk.
June 6 – The single "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by The Rolling Stones is released. It becomes the band's first number one in the United States and is often thought to be one of the greatest rock 'n' roll songs of all time.
June 7 – Kakanj mine disaster: A mining accident in Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina, results in 128 deaths.
June 10 – Vietnam War – Battle of Dong Xoai: About 1,500 Viet Cong mount a mortar attack on Đồng Xoài, overrunning its military headquarters and the adjoining militia compound.
June 16 – A planned anti-Vietnam War protest at The Pentagon becomes a teach-in, with demonstrators distributing 50,000 leaflets in and around the building.
June 19 – Houari Boumediene's Revolutionary Council ousts Ahmed Ben Bella, in a bloodless coup in Algeria.
June 20 – Police in Algiers break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President Ahmed Ben Bella.
June 22 – The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea is signed in Tokyo.
June 25 – A U.S. Air Force Boeing C-135 Stratolifter bound for Okinawa crashes just after takeoff at MCAS El Toro in Orange County, California, killing all 85 on board.
June 26 – Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright return to "London 1965!" On the planet Earth in the Dalek Time Machine following The Daleks' defeat. (Doctor Who: "The Chase")
June 28 – The DeFeo family moves from Brooklyn, New York, to 112 Ocean Avenue in Amityville, Long Island, New York, in the United States. The murder of all but one of the DeFeos nine years later, on November 13, 1974, by the oldest son, Ronald/Ronnie "Butch" DeFeo Jr., and the subsequent claims of a haunting at 112 Ocean Avenue by the Lutz family, would lead to The Amityville Horror franchise of books and movies.

July

July – The Commonwealth secretariat is created.
July 14 – U.S. spacecraft Mariner 4 flies by Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to return images from the Red Planet.
July 15 – Greek Prime minister Georgios Papandreou and his government are dismissed by King Constantine II.
July 16 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel is inaugurated by presidents Giuseppe Saragat and Charles de Gaulle.
July 24 – Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are targeted by antiaircraft missiles, in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other 3 sustain damage.
July 25 – Bob Dylan elicits controversy among folk purists by "going electric" at the Newport Folk Festival.
July 26 – The Maldives receive full independence from Great Britain.
July 27 – Edward Heath becomes Leader of the British Conservative Party.
July 28 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000, and to more than double the number of men drafted per month - from 17,000 to 35,000.
July 29 – The Beatles second movie Help! premieres.
July 30 – War on Poverty: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.

August

August 1 – Cigarette advertising is banned on British television.
August 6 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law, outlawing literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices that have been responsible for widespread disfranchisement of African Americans.
August 7 – Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia, recommends the expulsion of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia, negotiating its separation with Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore.
August 9
- Singapore is expelled from the Federation of Malaysia, which recognises it as a sovereign nation. Lee Kuan Yew announces Singapore's independence and assumes the position of Prime Minister of the new island nation – a position he holds until 1990.
- An explosion at an Arkansas missile plant kills 53.
- Indonesian president Sukarno collapses in public.
August 11 – The Watts Riots begin in Los Angeles, ending on the 16th after resulting in 34 deaths and over 3,000 arrests.
August 13 – The rock group Jefferson Airplane debuts at the Matrix in San Francisco and begins to appear there regularly.
August 15 – The Beatles perform the first stadium concert in the history of music, playing before 55,600 persons at Shea Stadium in New York City.
August 18 – Vietnam War – Operation Starlite: 5,500 United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in Quảng Ngãi Province, in the first major American ground battle of the war. The Marines were tipped-off by a Viet Cong deserter who said that there was an attack planned against the U.S. base at Chu Lai.
August 19 – At the conclusion of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials, 66 ex-SS personnel receive life sentences, 15 others smaller ones.
August 20 – Jonathan Myrick Daniels, an Episcopal seminarian from Keene, New Hampshire, is murdered in Hayneville, Alabama, while working in the civil rights movement.
August 21 – Gemini 5 (Gordon Cooper, Pete Conrad) is launched on the first 1-week flight, as well as the first test of fuel cells for electrical power.
August 30
- Casey Stengel announces his retirement after 55 years in baseball.
- Rock musician Bob Dylan releases his influential album Highway 61 Revisited, featuring the song "Like a Rolling Stone".
- An avalanche buries a dam construction site at Saas-Fee, Switzerland, killing 90 workers.
August 31 – President Johnson signs a law penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine.

September

September 2 – Pakistani troops enter the Indian sector of Kashmir, while Indian troops try to invade Lahore.
September 6 – The Islamic Republic of Pakistan observes its Defence Day, on account of successful defence of Lahore and other important areas against India.
September 7
- Pakistan celebrates Air Force Day on account of heavy retaliations to India.
- The People's Republic of China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
- Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 miles (37 km) south of the Chu Lai Marine base.
September 8
- India opens 2 additional fronts against Pakistan.
- The Pakistan Navy raids Indian coasts without any resistance in Operation Dwarka (Pakistan celebrates Victory Day annually).
September 9
- Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitches a perfect game in a baseball match against the Chicago Cubs. The opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley, allows only 1 run, which is unearned, and only one hit, making this the lowest-hit game (1) in baseball history. It is Koufax's fourth no-hitter in as many seasons.
- U.N. Secretary General U Thant negotiates with Pakistan President Ayub Khan.
- U Thant recommends China for United Nations membership.
- Hurricane Betsy roars ashore near New Orleans with winds of 145 mph (233 km/h), causing 76 deaths and $1.42 billion in damage. The storm is the first hurricane to cause $1 billion in unadjusted damages, giving it the nickname "Billion Dollar Betsy". It is the last major hurricane to strike New Orleans until Hurricane Katrina 40 years later.
- The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
September 14
- The fourth and final period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
- The infamous "bad sitcom" My Mother The Car premieres on NBC.
September 16
- China protests against Indian provocations in its border region.
- In Iraq, Prime Minister Arif Abd ar-Razzaq's attempted coup fails.
September 17 – King Constantine II of Greece forms a new government with Prime Minister Stephanos Stephanopoulos, in an attempt to end a 2-year-old political crisis.
September 18
- In Denmark, Palle Sørensen shoots 4 policemen in pursuit; he is apprehended the same day.
- Comet Ikeya–Seki is first sighted by Japanese astronomers.
- Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin invites the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in the Soviet Union to negotiate.
September 20 – Vietnam War: An USAF F-104 Starfighter piloted by Captain Philip Eldon Smith is shot down by a Chinese MiG-19 Farmer. The pilot is held until 15 March 1973.
September 21 – Gambia, Maldives and Singapore are admitted as members of the United Nations.
September 22 – Radio Peking announces that Indian troops have dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border.
September 24
- Fighting resumes between Indian and Pakistani troops.
- The British governor of Aden cancels the constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.
September 25 – The Tom & Jerry cartoon series makes its world broadcast premiere on CBS.
September 27 – The largest tanker ship at this time, Tokyo Maru, is launched in Yokohama, Japan.
September 28
- Fidel Castro announces that anyone who wants to can emigrate to the United States.
- Taal Volcano in Luzon, Philippines, erupts, killing hundreds.
September 30
- The Indonesian army, led by General Suharto, crushes an alleged communist coup attempt (see Transition to the New Order and 30 September Movement).
- The classic family sci-fi show Thunderbirds debuts on ITV in the United Kingdom.

October

October 3
- Fidel Castro announces that Che Guevara has resigned and left the country.
- U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 which ends quotas based on national origin.
October 4
- At least 150 are killed when a commuter train derails at the outskirts of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Prime minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia and Arthur Bottomley of the Commonwealth of Nations begin negotiations in London.
- Pope Paul VI visits the United States. He appears for a Mass in Yankee Stadium and makes a speech at the United Nations.
- The University of California, Irvine opens its doors.
October 5 – Pakistan severs diplomatic relations with Malaysia because of their disagreement in the UN.
October 6 – Ian Brady, a 27-year-old stock clerk from Hyde in Cheshire, is arrested for allegedly hacking to death (with a hatchet) 17-year-old apprentice electrician Edward Evans at a house on the Hattersley housing estate.
October 7 – Seven Japanese fishing boats are sunk off Guam by super typhoon Carmen; 209 are killed.
October 8
- Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966: The Indonesian army instigates the arrest and execution of communists which last until next March.^{[citation needed]}
- The 7 Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent are adopted at the XX International Conference in Vienna, Austria.
- The International Olympic Committee admits East Germany as a member.
- The Post Office Tower opens in London.
October 9
- Yale University presents the Vinland map.
- A brigade of South Korean soldiers arrive in South Vietnam.
October 10 – The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S.
October 12
- Per Borten forms a government in Norway.
- The U.N. General Council recommends that the United Kingdom try everything to stop a rebellion in Rhodesia.
October 13 – Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fires Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and forms a provisional government, with Évariste Kimba in a leading position.
October 15 – Vietnam War: The Catholic Worker Movement stages an anti-war protest in Manhattan. One draft card burner is arrested, the first under the new law.
October 16
- Moors murders: Police find a girl's body on Saddleworth Moor near Oldham in Lancashire. The body is quickly identified as that of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, who disappeared on Boxing Day the previous year from a fairground in the Ancoats area of Manchester. Ian Brady, arrested for the murder of a 17-year-old man in nearby Hattersley, is charged with murdering Lesley, as is his 23-year-old girlfriend Myra Hindley.
- Anti-war protests draw 100,000 in 80 U.S. cities and around the world.
October 17 – The New York World's Fair at Flushing Meadows, closes. Due to financial losses, some of the projected site park improvements fail to materialize.
October 18 – The Indonesian government outlaws the Communist Party of Indonesia.^{[citation needed]}
October 20 – Ludwig Erhard is re-elected Chancellor of West Germany (he had first been elected in 1963).
October 21
- Comet Ikeya–Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun.
- The Organization of African Unity meets in Accra, Ghana.
October 22
- French authors André Figueras and Jacques Laurent are fined for their comments against Charles de Gaulle.
- African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent Rhodesia from declaring unilateral independence.
- Colonel Christophe Soglo stages a second coup in Dahomey.
October 24
- British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Commonwealth Secretary Arthur Bottomley travel to Rhodesia for negotiations.
- British police find the decomposed body of a boy on Saddleworth Moor.
October 25 – The Soviet Union declares its support of African countries in case Rhodesia unilaterally declares independence.
October 26 – Anti-government demonstrations occur in the Dominican Republic.
October 27
- Brazilian president Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco removes power from parliament, legal courts and opposition parties.
- Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of Turkey (30th government).

October 28
- French Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville travels to Moscow.
- Pope Paul VI promulgates Nostra aetate, a "Declaration on the Relation of the (Roman Catholic) Church with Non-Christian Religions" by the Second Vatican Council which includes a statement that Jews are not collectively responsible for the death of Jesus (Jewish deicide).
- In St. Louis, Missouri, the 630-foot (190 m)-tall inverted weighted catenary steel Gateway Arch is completed.
- Mehdi Ben Barka, a Moroccan politician, is kidnapped in Paris and never seen again.
October 29
- Moors murders: Ian Brady and Myra Hindley appear in court, charged with the murders of Edward Evans (17), Lesley Ann Downey (10), and John Kilbride (12) from Manchester.
- An 80-kiloton nuclear device is detonated at Amchitka Island, Alaska, as part of the Vela Uniform program, code-named Project Long Shot.
October 30
- Vietnam War: Near Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack by Viet Cong forces, killing 56 guerrillas. A sketch of Marine positions is found on the dead body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
- In Washington, D.C., a pro-Vietnam War march draws 25,000.

November

November 1 – A trolleybus plunges into the Nile at Cairo, killing 74 passengers.
November 2
- Republican John Vliet Lindsay is elected mayor of New York City.
- Quaker Norman Morrison, 32, sets himself on fire in front of The Pentagon; he dies of his injuries.
November 3 – French President Charles de Gaulle announces (just short of his 75th birthday) that he will stand for re-election.
November 5 – Martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The United Nations General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82–9.
November 6 – Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States (by 1971 250,000 Cubans take advantage of this program).
November 7 – The Pillsbury Company's mascot, the Pillsbury Doughboy, is created in the United States.
November 8
- Vietnam War – Operation Hump: The United States Army 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong.
- The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches islands (on June 23, 1976 Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches are returned to the Seychelles).
- The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is given Royal Assent, suspending the death penalty for murder in the United Kingdom; renewal of the Act in 1969 makes the abolition permanent.
- The soap opera Days of Our Lives debuts on NBC in the United States.
November 9
- Northeast blackout of 1965: Several U.S. states (VT, NH, MA, CT, RI, NY and portions of NJ) and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13½ hours.
- Vietnam War: In New York City, 22-year-old Catholic Worker Movement member Roger Allen LaPorte sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in protest against the war.
November 11
- In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares de facto independence ('UDI').
- United Airlines Flight 227 a Boeing 727-22, crashes short of the runway and catches fire at Salt Lake City International Airport in Salt Lake City; 43 out of 91 passengers and crew perish.
November 12 – A UN Security Council resolution (voted 10–0) recommends that other countries not recognize independent Rhodesia.
November 13
- The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles (97 km) off Nassau, Bahamas, with the loss of 90 lives.
- British theatre critic Kenneth Tynan says "fuck" during a discussion on BBC satirical programme BBC-3 for what many believed was the first time on British television. The corporation later issues a public apology.
November 14 – Vietnam War – Battle of Ia Drang: In the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands in Vietnam, the first major engagement of the war between regular United States and North Vietnamese forces begins.
November 15 – U.S. racer Craig Breedlove sets a new land speed record of 600.601 mph (966.574 km/h).
November 16 – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966, it becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).
November 20 – The United Nations Security Council recommends that all states stop trading with Rhodesia.
November 21 – Mireille Mathieu sings on France's "Télé-Dimanche" and begins her successful singing career.
November 22
- Man of La Mancha opens in a Greenwich Village theatre in New York City and eventually becomes one of the longest-running and most iconic Broadway musical hits of all time.
- The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
November 23 – Soviet general Mikhail Kazakov assumes command of the Warsaw Pact.
November 24 – Congolese lieutenant general Mobutu ousts Joseph Kasavubu and declares himself president.
November 26 – At the Hammaguir launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant A rocket with its first satellite, Astérix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter outer space.
November 27
- Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters picket the White House, then march on the Washington Monument.
- Vietnam War: The Pentagon tells U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson that if planned major sweep operations to neutralize Viet Cong forces during the next year are to succeed, the number of American troops in Vietnam will have to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000.
November 28 – Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President-elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.
November 29 – The Canadian satellite Alouette 2 is launched.

December

December 1 – The Border Security Force is established in India as a special force to guard the borders.
December 3
- The first British aid flight arrives in Lusaka; Zambia had asked for British help against Rhodesia.
- Members of the Organization of African Unity decide to sever diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, unless the British Government ends the rebellion of Rhodesia by mid-December.
- The Beatles release their sixth album Rubber Soul.
- The first album by The Who, My Generation, is released in the United Kingdom. An edited version was released in the United States under the title The Who Sings My Generation on 25 April 1966.
December 5
- Charles de Gaulle is re-elected as French president with 10,828,421 votes.
- The "Glasnost Meeting" in Moscow becomes the first spontaneous political demonstration, and the first demonstration for civil rights in the Soviet Union.
December 8
- Rhodesian prime minister Ian Smith warns that Rhodesia will resist a trade embargo by neighboring countries with force.
- The Race Relations Act becomes the first legislation to address racial discrimination in the UK.
- The Second Vatican Council closes.
December 9 – A Charlie Brown Christmas, the first Peanuts television special, debuts on CBS, quickly becoming an annual tradition.
December 15
- The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) is formed.
- Tanzania and Guinea sever diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom.
- Gemini 6 and Gemini 7 perform the first controlled rendezvous in Earth orbit.
December 17 – The British government begins an oil embargo against Rhodesia; the United States joins the effort.
December 20 – The World Food Programme is made a permanent agency of the United Nations.
December 21
- The Soviet Union announces that it has shipped rockets to North Vietnam.
- In West Germany, Konrad Adenauer resigns as chairman of the Christian Democratic Party.
- The United Nations adopts the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
- A new 1-hour German-American production of the ballet The Nutcracker, with an international cast that includes Edward Villella in the title role, makes its U.S. television debut. It is repeated annually by CBS over the next 3 years but after that is virtually forgotten until issued on DVD in 2009 by Warner Archive.
- International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
December 22
- A military coup is launched in Dahomey.
- A 70 mph (110 km/h) speed limit is imposed on British roads.
- David Lean's film of Doctor Zhivago, starring Omar Sharif and Julie Christie, is released.
December 25 – The Yemeni Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation is founded in Ta'izz.
December 27 – The British oil platform Sea Gem collapses in the North Sea.
December 28 – Italian Foreign Minister Amintore Fanfani resigns.
December 30
- President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia announces that Zambia and the United Kingdom have agreed on a deadline before which the Rhodesian white government should be ousted.
- Ferdinand Marcos becomes President of the Philippines.
December 31 – Bokassa takes power in the Central African Republic.

Date unknown

Tokyo officially becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from New York City.^[5]
The Council for National Academic Awards is established in the UK.
TAT-4 cable goes into operation.
Aborigines are given the vote in Queensland, Australia.

World population

World population
	1965	1960		1970
World	3,334,874,000	3,021,475,000	313,399,000	3,692,492,000	357,618,000
Africa	313,744,000	277,398,000	36,346,000	357,283,000	43,539,000
Asia	1,899,424,000	1,701,336,000	198,088,000	2,143,118,000	243,694,000
Europe	634,026,000	604,401,000	29,625,000	655,855,000	21,829,000
Latin America	250,452,000	218,300,000	32,152,000	284,856,000	34,404,000
Northern America	219,570,000	204,152,000	15,418,000	231,937,000	12,367,000
Oceania	17,657,000	15,888,000	1,769,000	19,443,000	1,786,000