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In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although...

A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of quantitative data. The term was first introduced by Karl Pearson. To construct a histogram...

In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its...

In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes...

In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms (/piˈɑːnoʊ/, [peˈaːno]), also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are axioms for the natural...

Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of...

In cryptography, a brute-force attack consists of an attacker submitting many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly....

In vector calculus, the divergence theorem, also known as Gauss's theorem or Ostrogradsky's theorem, is a theorem relating the flux of a vector field through...

In differential calculus, there is no single uniform notation for differentiation. Instead, various notations for the derivative of a function or variable...

In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all of its entries...

Intuitionistic logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical...

In geometry, rhombicuboctahedron is an Archimedean solid with 26 faces, consisting of 8 equilateral triangles and 18 squares. It is named by Johannes Kepler...

In mathematics, a hyperbolic partial differential equation of order n {\displaystyle n} is a partial differential equation (PDE) that, roughly speaking...

The Lightning Network (LN) is a "layer 2" payment protocol built on the Bitcoin blockchain and those of other cryptocurrencies. It is intended to enable...

bcrypt is a password-hashing function designed by Niels Provos and David Mazières, based on the Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999. Besides...

The square root of 3 is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number 3. It is denoted mathematically as 3 {\textstyle {\sqrt...

In mathematical analysis, the Weierstrass approximation theorem states that every continuous function defined on a closed interval [a, b] can be uniformly...

In mathematics, especially in topology, a stratified space is a topological space that admits or is equipped with a stratification, a decomposition into...

In number theory, natural density, also referred to as asymptotic density or arithmetic density, is one method to measure how "large" a subset of the set...

In mechanism design, a strategyproof (SP) mechanism is a game in which each player has a weakly-dominant strategy, so that no player can gain by "spying"...