Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwaną: difference between revisions

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==Proto-Germanic==
==Proto-Germanic==


====Alternative forms====
===Alternative forms===
* {{l|gem-pro|*hrewaną}}
* {{alt|gem-pro|*hrewaną}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desctree|gmw-pro|*hreuwan}}
* {{desctree|gmw-pro|*hreuwan}}
* {{desc|non|hryggva}}, (younger {{m|non|hryggja}})
* {{desc|non|hryggva}}, (younger {{m|non|hryggja}}){{desctree|non|hryggja|noparent=1}}
** {{desc|is|hryggja}}


===References===
===References===

Latest revision as of 22:01, 2 August 2023

 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *krew-, *krow-, *krows- (“to fall, beat, break, bruise”). Cognate with Lithuanian krùšti (“to smash, crash, bruise”), Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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*hrewwaną[1][2]

  1. to grieve, to feel sorrow
  2. to cause regret, to rue

Inflection

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Conjugation of *hrewwaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hrewwō *hrewwaų — *hrewwai ?
2nd singular *hriwwizi *hrewwaiz *hreww *hrewwazai *hrewwaizau
3rd singular *hriwwidi *hrewwai *hrewwadau *hrewwadai *hrewwaidau
1st dual *hrewwōz *hrewwaiw — — —
2nd dual *hrewwadiz *hrewwaidiz *hrewwadiz — —
1st plural *hrewwamaz *hrewwaim — *hrewwandai *hrewwaindau
2nd plural *hriwwid *hrewwaid *hriwwid *hrewwandai *hrewwaindau
3rd plural *hrewwandi *hrewwain *hrewwandau *hrewwandai *hrewwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hrau(w) *hruwį̄
2nd singular *hrau(w)t *hruwīz
3rd singular *hrau(w) *hruwī
1st dual *hruwū *hruwīw
2nd dual *hruwudiz *hruwīdiz
1st plural *hruwum *hruwīm
2nd plural *hruwud *hruwīd
3rd plural *hruwun *hruwīn
present past
participles *hrewwandz *hruwanaz
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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrewan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 246-247
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xrewwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
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