Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From two related Proto-Indo-European verbs:

• Present tense from the perfective *dʰéh₁t, although the o-grade form *dʰóh₁t is unexpected.
• Past tense from the past of the reduplicated imperfective *dʰédʰeh₁ti.

Both originate from the root *dʰeh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dōną

1. to do, make
2. to put, place

Inflection

Conjugation of *dōną (irregular)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dōmi	*dǭ	—	—	—
2nd singular	*dōsi	*dōs	*dō	—	—
3rd singular	*dōþi	*dō	*dōþau	—	—
1st dual	*dōs	*dōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dōþiz	*dōþiz	*dōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*dōmaz	*dōm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*dōþ	*dōþ	*dōþ	—	—
3rd plural	*dōnþi	*dōn	*dōnþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dedǭ	*dēdį̄
2nd singular	*dedēz	*dēdīz
3rd singular	*dedē	*dēdī
1st dual	*dēdū	*dēdīw
2nd dual	*dēdudiz	*dēdīdiz
1st plural	*dēdum	*dēdīm
2nd plural	*dēdud	*dēdīd
3rd plural	*dēdun	*dēdīn
	present	past
participles	*dōndz	*dēnaz

In all Germanic languages but the ancient ones, the first person singular form *dōmi is replaced by *dō by analogy with class II weak verbs. Past forms in *-ü- in Anglo-Frisian appear to be unexplained.

Related terms

• *dēdiz
• *dōmaz
• *uzdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dōn
  • Old English: dōn, doan — Anglian; doa — Mercian, Northumbrian; doæ, doe — Northumbrian
    • Middle English: don, donne, doyn, do, doon
      • English: do
      • Geordie English: de, dee, div
      • Scots: dae, dee (Doric)
      • Yola: doone, deen
  • Old Frisian: dwā, dwān, duān, duā, dūa
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: du

      Mooring: düünj

    • Saterland Frisian: dwo
    • West Frisian: dwaan
  • Old Saxon: dōn, doan, dūan, duon
    • Middle Low German: dôn
      • Low German: deoen (Paderbornisch), dohn (Münsterländisch); doon
  • Old Dutch: duon
    • Middle Dutch: doen
      • Dutch: doen
        • Afrikaans: doen
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: dun
        • Jersey Dutch: dûn, dûne
        • Negerhollands: doe, du, due
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: doon
        • →? Aukan: du
      • Limburgish: doon
  • Old High German: tuon, duon, duan
    • Middle High German: tuon
      • Alemannic German: tue, due, tuä

        Swabian: dua, doa

      • Bavarian: doa

        Cimbrian: tüan, tüunan (Sette Comuni)

        Northern Bavarian: [d̥o͡u]

        Viennese: tuan

      • Central Franconian: donn, don, dun

        Hunsrik: dun

        Kölsch: dunn

        Luxembourgish: doen, dinn, dunn

      • German: tun
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Frankfurterisch: [d̥ũː]

        Pennsylvania German: duh

      • Yiddish: טאָן (ton)