Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōną: difference between revisions
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==Proto-Germanic== |
==Proto-Germanic== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}} |
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From {{proto|Indo-European|dʰeh₁-|lang=gem-pro}}. |
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From two related {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|-}} verbs: |
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* Present tense from the perfective {{m|ine-pro|*dʰéh₁t}}, although the o-grade form ''*dʰóh₁t'' is unexpected. |
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* Past tense from the past of the reduplicated imperfective {{m|ine-pro|*dʰédʰeh₁ti}}. |
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Both originate from the root {{m|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA| |
* {{IPA|gem-pro|/ˈdɔː.nɑ̃/}} |
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===Verb=== |
===Verb=== |
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{{gem-verb |
{{gem-verb}} |
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-->|head=dōną<!-- |
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Present indicative |
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-->|dōmi<!-- |
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-->|dōsi<!-- |
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-->|dōþi<!-- |
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-->|dōwaz? dōz?<!-- |
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-->|dōþiz<!-- |
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-->|dōmaz<!-- |
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-->|dōþ<!-- |
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-->|dōnþi<!-- |
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Present subjunctive |
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-->|dǭ<!-- |
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-->|dōz<!-- |
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-->|dō<!-- |
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-->|dōw<!-- |
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-->|dōdiz<!-- |
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-->|dōm<!-- |
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-->|dōd<!-- |
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-->|dōn<!-- |
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Present imperative |
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-->|dō<!-- |
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-->|dōþau<!-- |
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-->|dōþiz<!-- |
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-->|dōþ<!-- |
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-->|dōnþau<!-- |
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Present passive indicative (no forms) |
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-->||||||<!-- |
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Present passive subjunctive (no forms) |
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-->|||||<!-- |
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Past indicative |
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-->|dedǭ<!-- |
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-->|dedēz<!-- |
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-->|dedē<!-- |
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-->|dēdū<!-- |
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-->|dēdudiz<!-- |
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-->|dēdum<!-- |
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-->|dēdud<!-- |
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-->|dēdun<!-- |
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Past subjunctive |
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-->|dēdį̄<!-- |
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-->|dēdīz<!-- |
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-->|dēdī<!-- |
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-->|dēdīw<!-- |
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-->|dēdīdiz<!-- |
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-->|dēdīm<!-- |
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-->|dēdīd<!-- |
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-->|dēdīn<!-- |
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-->|dōndz<!-- |
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-->|dōnaz<!-- |
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In all Germanic languages but the ancient ones, the first person singular form ''*dōmi'' is replaced by ''*dō'' by analogy with class II weak verbs. Past forms in ''*-ie-'' in Anglo-Frisian are unexplained. |
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====Related terms==== |
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-->}} |
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* {{l|gem-pro|*dēdiz}} |
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* {{l|gem-pro|*dōmaz}} |
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* {{l|gem-pro|*uzdaz}} |
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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* |
* {{desctree|gmw-pro|*dōn}} |
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** English: {{l|en|do}} |
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* Old Frisian: {{l|ofs|dua|dūa}}, {{l|ofs|dua|duā}} |
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** West Frisian: {{l|fy|dwaan}} |
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** East Frisian: {{l|frs|dwo}} |
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* Old Saxon: {{l|osx|don|dōn}} |
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** Low German: {{l|nds|doon}} |
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* Old Dutch: {{l|odt|duon}} |
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** Dutch: {{l|nl|doen}} |
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*** Afrikaans: {{l|af|doen}} |
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* Old High German: {{l|goh|tuon}} |
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** German: {{l|de|tun}} |
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Latest revision as of 10:15, 9 November 2023
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From two related Proto-Indo-European verbs:
- Present tense from the perfective *dʰéh₁t, although the o-grade form *dʰóh₁t is unexpected.
- Past tense from the past of the reduplicated imperfective *dʰédʰeh₁ti.
Both originate from the root *dʰeh₁-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]*dōną
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *dōną (irregular)
In all Germanic languages but the ancient ones, the first person singular form *dōmi is replaced by *dō by analogy with class II weak verbs. Past forms in *-ie- in Anglo-Frisian are unexplained.
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *dōn
- Old English: dōn, doan — Anglian; doa — Mercian, Northumbrian; doæ, doe — Northumbrian
- Old Frisian: dwā, dwān, duān, duā, dūa
- Old Saxon: dōn, doan, dūan, duon
- Old Dutch: duon
- Old High German: tuon, duon, duan