Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Census metropolitan area]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec Map : Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2
	Change geography 1			Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,098,927	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	8,164,361	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,934,078 revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised. ^r	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	7,903,001	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.2	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3.3	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,823,281	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,858,943	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,663	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Population density per square kilometre	890.2	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	6.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Land area in square kilometres	4,604.26	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,356,625.27	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,098,925	2,000,935	2,097,990	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	691,345	353,270	338,075	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	231,320	118,405	112,920	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	242,610	124,075	118,535	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	217,415	110,795	106,620	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	2,735,890	1,356,315	1,379,575	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	225,345	114,530	110,815	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	271,635	136,530	135,105	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	270,735	134,135	136,600	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	279,175	136,275	142,905	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	295,330	145,080	150,255	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	276,490	137,505	138,985	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	277,560	138,805	138,755	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	303,980	152,325	151,660	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	291,385	143,585	147,805	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	244,235	117,550	126,690	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	671,690	291,345	380,345	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	210,080	98,390	111,690	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	162,985	74,565	88,420	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	118,450	51,740	66,710	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	89,460	36,985	52,470	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	90,720	29,665	61,060	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	58,055	21,025	37,030	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	25,420	7,160	18,260	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	6,285	1,350	4,935	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	965	130	830	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.7	16.1	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.8	65.8	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	16.4	14.6	18.1	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.9	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.6	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.3	39.3	41.2	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,660	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Single-detached house	564,230	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,602,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	151,365	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	187,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,007,340	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,717,680	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Semi-detached house	86,460	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	188,245	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Row house	56,770	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	93,350	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	146,085	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	265,195	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	711,775	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,154,955	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Other single-attached house	6,255	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	15,940	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	4,380	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	23,505	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,665	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 person	570,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,175,230	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 persons	551,270	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,227,765	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 persons	257,130	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	489,460	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
4 persons	231,025	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	426,250	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
5 or more persons	117,600	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	212,960	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Number of persons in private households	4,009,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	7,965,455	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average household size	2.3	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.3	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Marital status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,407,580	1,647,665	1,759,915	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	1,845,335	925,190	920,145	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	1,226,235	613,925	612,315	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	619,100	311,270	307,830	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	1,562,240	722,470	839,775	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	1,077,075	569,720	507,355	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	58,740	24,795	33,945	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	245,625	91,055	154,570	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	180,805	36,900	143,910	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,101,980	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,257,560	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 persons	539,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,204,955	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 persons	244,885	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	466,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
4 persons	224,230	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	412,160	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
5 or more persons	93,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	174,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average size of census families	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.8	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,101,985	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,257,560	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total couple families	898,085	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,878,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Married couples	588,970	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,128,355	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Common-law couples	309,115	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	749,740	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	203,895	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	379,460	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Female parent	158,625	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	284,900	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Male parent	45,270	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	94,565	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	898,090	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,878,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Couples without children	413,795	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	970,260	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Couples with children	484,290	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	907,840	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 child	185,880	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	356,640	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 children	209,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	384,875	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 or more children	88,950	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	166,315	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	203,895	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	379,465	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
1 child	125,840	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	234,695	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
2 children	59,010	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	109,670	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
3 or more children	19,045	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	35,100	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	802,100	385,725	416,380	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,660	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
One-census-family households	1,065,055	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,197,340	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	399,960	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	947,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	665,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,250,040	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Multiple-census-family households	18,140	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	29,595	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Non-census-family households	644,110	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,304,725	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
One-person households	570,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,175,230	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	73,825	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	129,500	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	286,275	143,255	143,025	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,472,060	662,855	809,205	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	2,231,540	1,150,975	1,080,565	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	63,480	25,175	38,305	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	765,805	382,720	383,080	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	2,980,955	1,448,725	1,532,235	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	244,955	126,535	118,415	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	61,645	24,280	37,365	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	888,280	445,990	442,290	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.9	22.5	21.4	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	3,907,510	1,909,450	1,998,060	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	2,996,905	1,467,115	1,529,795	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	444,955	222,890	222,065	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	2,551,955	1,244,225	1,307,730	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	910,605	442,335	468,270	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	755	275	480	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	370	145	225	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	5	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	320	120	200	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	30	10	25	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	70	25	45	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	15	10	10	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	50	20	30	135	55	80
Plains Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	10	5	5	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	140	50	90	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	5	15	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	10	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	10	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	30	20	15	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	270	70	195	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	225	60	170	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	75	40	40	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	35	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	909,845	442,055	467,790	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	176,965	92,830	84,135	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	18,945	10,025	8,915	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	11,315	5,975	5,335	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,625	4,050	3,580	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	760	365	395	1,125	545	580
Bilen	10	10	5	10	10	5
Oromo	5	5	0	15	10	5
Somali	725	340	385	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	157,015	82,305	74,715	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	665	310	355	745	340	405
Arabic	151,955	79,715	72,240	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	65	60	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	15	10	5
Harari	5	0	5	0	5	5
Hebrew	3,810	1,990	1,820	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	15	5	10	25	10	15
Tigrigna	340	165	180	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	140	110	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,385	15,675	17,715	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,945	3,690	4,255	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	25,430	11,975	13,450	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	20,215	7,315	12,895	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	110	35	75	115	35	80
Cebuano	760	250	510	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	400	130	275	410	125	275
Ilocano	2,035	740	1,295	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	825	385	440	1,250	590	660
Malay	605	235	370	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	200	90	110	205	90	110
Pangasinan	90	40	50	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,865	5,275	9,590	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	50	10	35	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	120	160	320	140	180
Creole languages	54,205	23,910	30,300	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	1,965	930	1,035	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	51,325	22,520	28,805	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	915	460	460	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	14,695	7,335	7,365	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	230	125	105	240	130	110
Malayalam	405	215	190	440	235	205
Tamil	13,490	6,650	6,835	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	555	335	215	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	20	10	10	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	493,565	239,965	253,600	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	2,455	1,250	1,205	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	16,170	7,835	8,335	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	58,295	26,270	32,025	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	725	265	455	850	335	515
Latvian	235	90	150	290	120	175
Lithuanian	485	180	305	555	215	340
Slavic languages	57,570	26,005	31,570	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	70	40	25	80	45	35
Bosnian	455	220	230	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	6,395	3,095	3,295	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,865	930	935	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	1,175	540	635	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	175	90	90	205	105	95
Polish	12,185	5,280	6,905	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	26,370	11,785	14,585	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,890	930	955	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	655	305	345	1,805	865	940
Slovak	900	385	510	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	690	310	375	755	350	405
Ukrainian	4,640	2,025	2,610	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	175	90	85
Celtic languages	110	65	45	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	20	15	10
Welsh	25	10	15	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	90	55	30
Germanic languages	21,470	10,340	11,130	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	90	40	50	125	60	65
Danish	300	145	155	395	190	200
Dutch	1,820	920	900	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	5	5	5	10	10	0
German	9,235	4,195	5,040	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	60	25	30	65	30	35
Norwegian	145	70	70	200	100	100
Swedish	445	205	245	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	185	540	240	300
Yiddish	8,960	4,545	4,410	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	175	100	75
Greek	37,710	18,830	18,885	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	70,940	36,585	34,350	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	43,890	22,860	21,030	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	10,805	5,515	5,290	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	6,005	2,940	3,060	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,905	1,565	1,335	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	15	15	0	20	15	5
Konkani	110	60	50	110	60	55
Marathi	235	135	100	255	145	110
Nepali	350	170	180	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	30	20	10	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,250	6,645	5,605	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	310	150	160	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	300	315	645	310	330
Urdu	10,260	5,335	4,925	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	26,720	13,545	13,180	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	790	425	365	985	550	430
Pashto	1,190	625	560	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	24,740	12,485	12,255	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	286,425	138,790	147,635	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	260	135	130	320	170	150
Italian	101,230	49,650	51,570	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	31,025	14,925	16,100	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	33,050	15,835	17,215	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	120,765	58,185	62,580	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	125	75	50
Japanese	2,065	635	1,430	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	160	75	85	170	80	85
Georgian	160	80	85	170	80	90
Korean	4,865	2,160	2,710	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	185	75	110	190	75	115
Mongolian	185	75	110	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	19,245	9,725	9,520	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	1,015	500	510	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	975	530	445	1,200	655	545
Edo	70	40	25	75	45	30
Ewe	485	275	210	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,625	840	785	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	80	40	40	80	40	40
Ganda	20	5	10	35	15	20
Igbo	95	55	45	120	70	50
Lingala	1,970	920	1,050	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,700	790	905	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,425	640	790	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	75	40	35	85	45	40
Swahili	1,305	620	685	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	2,440	1,305	1,135	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	205	130	80	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,755	2,990	2,765	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	170	95	70	345	180	165
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	335	170	165
Sign languages	795	410	380	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	50	25	20	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	435	210	225	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	315	180	140	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	71,705	33,385	38,320	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	71,485	33,270	38,215	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	23,450	11,055	12,400	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	460	205	255	470	215	260
Mandarin	40,195	18,570	21,625	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	25	10	10	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,105	1,435	1,675	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,020	450	575	1,075	465	605
Chinese languages, n.o.s.	3,140	1,510	1,635	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	110	110	345	175	170
Burmese	60	20	35	80	30	50
Karenic languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tibetan	100	55	40	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	4,080	1,845	2,240	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	3,545	1,710	1,830	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	530	135	395	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	7,375	3,765	3,610	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	260	145	120	290	160	130
Turkish	6,625	3,390	3,235	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	190	95	100	205	100	105
Uzbek	125	65	65	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	185	80	105
Uralic languages	5,650	2,570	3,080	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	170	65	105	195	75	120
Finnish	290	95	200	360	125	240
Hungarian	5,185	2,410	2,775	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	490	275	220	685	385	300
Multiple responses	145,850	72,810	73,040	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	47,150	23,885	23,265	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	25,440	12,510	12,940	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	56,960	28,035	28,925	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	16,300	8,390	7,910	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	3,784,235	1,850,955	1,933,280	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	3,289,705	1,613,690	1,676,015	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	620,510	309,205	311,310	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	2,669,195	1,304,490	1,364,705	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	494,525	237,260	257,265	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	260	110	145	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	140	60	75	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	5	0	5	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	20	5	15	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	5	10	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	30	20	15	60	30	30
Plains Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	5	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	5	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	30	50	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	70	25	45	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	15	5	5	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	5	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	494,265	237,150	257,120	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	82,560	41,880	40,680	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	6,830	3,540	3,285	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	4,610	2,395	2,210	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,225	1,145	1,075	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	360	155	205	535	240	295
Bilen	5	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	350	150	200	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	75,305	38,150	37,150	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	315	145	170	340	150	185
Arabic	72,985	36,985	35,995	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	40	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	5	5	0	5
Hebrew	1,680	865	810	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	190	85	100	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,425	10,940	12,480	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,720	2,160	2,560	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	18,700	8,785	9,915	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	9,405	3,780	5,625	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	15	10	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	220	100	120	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	130	55	75
Ilocano	740	305	435	740	305	435
Malagasy	260	135	125	360	185	170
Malay	165	80	85	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	35	30	60	30	30
Pangasinan	15	5	5	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,750	3,040	4,710	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	75	35	35
Creole languages	19,975	8,450	11,520	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	775	345	430	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	18,775	7,915	10,865	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	420	190	225	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	11,330	5,555	5,775	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	140	80	65	150	85	65
Malayalam	190	90	95	200	100	100
Tamil	10,670	5,185	5,485	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	325	190	130	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	271,930	130,410	141,520	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	1,445	710	730	1,615	795	820
Armenian	11,835	5,600	6,235	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	35,205	16,555	18,650	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	165	70	95	190	80	105
Latvian	65	30	30	75	40	40
Lithuanian	100	40	60	115	40	70
Slavic languages	35,040	16,485	18,555	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	20	10	15	25	15	15
Bosnian	260	125	135	965	475	495
Bulgarian	4,750	2,320	2,435	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	775	365	415	1,015	475	545
Czech	375	180	200	460	220	240
Macedonian	110	55	50	130	65	65
Polish	5,400	2,430	2,970	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	19,390	9,180	10,215	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	1,065	525	540	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	265	125	140	960	470	490
Slovak	215	105	110	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	90	130	225	95	135
Ukrainian	2,160	970	1,190	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	40	15	25
Celtic languages	20	15	0	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	8,705	4,415	4,295	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	10	10	10	15	10	10
Danish	40	20	20	50	25	25
Dutch	245	115	130	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,585	715	865	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	35	15	20	30	15	20
Norwegian	15	10	5	20	5	10
Swedish	80	40	45	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	15	70	35	40
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,175	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Greek	18,255	8,720	9,530	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	49,790	24,980	24,810	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	30,075	15,245	14,830	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	8,080	4,010	4,075	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	3,805	1,845	1,965	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,485	765	720	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	5	0	5	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	30	15	15
Marathi	80	40	35	80	40	40
Nepali	260	120	135	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,775	4,650	4,125	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	135	65	70	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	345	175	170	365	185	180
Urdu	7,070	3,560	3,515	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	19,580	9,655	9,915	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	395	210	185	510	280	235
Pashto	875	435	440	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	18,305	9,015	9,290	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	145	80	60	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	146,670	69,415	77,255	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	90	40	45	110	50	60
Italian	32,365	14,310	18,055	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	14,570	6,930	7,640	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	22,945	11,215	11,725	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	76,680	36,900	39,775	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	35	20	15
Japanese	875	360	520	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	75	40	35	70	35	35
Georgian	75	40	35	70	40	35
Korean	3,400	1,560	1,835	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	140	70	75	145	70	75
Mongolian	140	70	75	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	4,575	2,190	2,385	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	440	210	230	445	215	235
Bamanankan	220	120	100	265	135	125
Edo	10	5	5	10	5	5
Ewe	95	40	55	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	440	210	235	530	255	280
Ga	15	10	10	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	5	5	5	5
Igbo	10	5	10	15	10	10
Lingala	480	200	285	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	470	215	250	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	140	195	530	225	305
Shona	20	5	15	20	10	10
Swahili	380	190	195	1,100	535	565
Wolof	775	415	355	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	40	25	20	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	835	400	430	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	130	65	65
Sign languages	1,050	590	460	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	70	35	35	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	455	230	225	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	530	325	200	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,635	27,025	29,605	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	56,510	26,965	29,545	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	17,330	8,200	9,130	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	155	75	80	155	75	80
Mandarin	34,295	16,475	17,820	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,780	810	970	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	345	415	780	355	420
Chinese languages, n.o.s.	2,160	1,045	1,115	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	60	60	215	115	100
Burmese	20	10	10	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	40	30
Tibetan	65	35	30	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,045	990	1,060	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	1,875	920	955	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	170	70	100	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,795	2,380	2,415	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	95	40	50	100	50	55
Turkish	4,420	2,200	2,220	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	130	70	65	140	75	70
Uzbek	90	45	45	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	65	30	35
Uralic languages	1,885	825	1,055	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	30	10	15	30	10	20
Finnish	40	20	25	50	20	30
Hungarian	1,815	800	1,015	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	150	90	60
Multiple responses	269,125	131,305	137,820	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	60,730	30,695	30,030	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	50,935	24,565	26,370	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	118,985	56,730	62,255	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	38,480	19,310	19,165	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,053,360	1,982,260	2,071,100	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	3,138,775	1,528,660	1,610,115	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	313,765	159,265	154,495	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	247,580	122,255	125,325	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	274,120	132,890	141,230	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	385	150	235	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	273,730	132,745	140,990	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	33,020	16,620	16,400	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	23,200	11,400	11,800	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	21,615	10,500	11,110	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	1,295	660	630	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,319,405	1,614,050	1,705,355	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,188,850	1,552,825	1,636,025	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,040	37,389	29,280	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,189,475	1,552,930	1,636,550	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,665	32,824	26,822	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,825,595	1,405,535	1,420,065	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,834	36,170	26,012	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,452,585	1,109,840	1,342,745	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,943	3,836	7,574	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,335,685	1,199,875	1,135,815	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,153	36,210	28,453	31,263	35,627	27,219
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 22}	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 23}	86.2	90.4	80.7	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 24}	70.7	74.1	66.4	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 25}	13.8	9.6	19.3	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 26}	3,319,410	1,614,055	1,705,355	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	130,555	61,225	69,330	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	3,188,850	1,552,830	1,636,020	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.2	95.9	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	431,255	201,835	229,425	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	575,490	235,195	340,300	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	465,445	201,390	264,050	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	397,270	187,125	210,145	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	348,385	166,795	181,595	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	259,535	131,895	127,645	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	186,985	101,135	85,850	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	147,600	82,105	65,495	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	101,535	59,265	42,270	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	67,295	42,730	24,560	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	208,040	143,365	64,680	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	134,980	90,500	44,480	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	73,065	52,865	20,205	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	3,319,405	1,614,055	1,705,350	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	129,930	61,125	68,805	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	3,189,475	1,552,930	1,636,550	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.2	96.0	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	446,310	205,380	240,930	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	603,035	249,060	353,975	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	563,105	250,605	312,495	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	513,345	247,595	265,755	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	382,030	192,695	189,335	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	251,595	136,730	114,865	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	163,355	93,030	70,325	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	91,425	57,255	34,170	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	175,275	120,585	54,690	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	53,535	35,090	18,445	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	32,550	22,020	10,535	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	89,195	63,475	25,720	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 28}	3,319,410	1,614,055	1,705,355	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	983,720	414,180	569,540	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	2,335,690	1,199,875	1,135,815	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	70.4	74.3	66.6	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	299,295	149,895	149,400	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	184,940	83,240	101,700	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	340,270	154,940	185,330	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	284,860	131,565	153,295	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	270,990	129,240	141,755	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	231,135	113,170	117,965	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	180,235	96,470	83,765	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	137,210	77,190	60,015	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	118,920	67,175	51,740	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	287,835	196,980	90,855	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	76,195	48,370	27,820	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	52,260	35,045	17,220	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	159,380	113,560	45,820	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 29}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,665	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,790	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	59,822	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,738	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	52,207	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	570,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	1,175,230	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,081	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	31,574	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,617	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	28,469	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,157,020	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,356,430	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,109	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	78,645	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,635	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	67,665	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 30}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,665	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Under $5,000	31,115	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	47,170	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$5,000 to $9,999	29,850	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	56,315	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,095	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	119,570	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$15,000 to $19,999	82,840	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	180,865	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$20,000 to $24,999	83,555	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	179,690	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$25,000 to $29,999	73,240	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	154,150	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$30,000 to $34,999	81,155	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	185,000	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$35,000 to $39,999	84,995	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	184,435	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$40,000 to $44,999	84,255	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	179,855	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$45,000 to $49,999	80,890	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	170,445	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,605	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	313,600	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$60,000 to $69,999	130,650	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	273,620	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$70,000 to $79,999	115,305	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	241,940	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$80,000 to $89,999	99,710	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	208,620	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$90,000 to $99,999	85,240	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	176,355	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 and over	457,820	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	860,030	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 to $124,999	161,115	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	327,435	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$125,000 to $149,999	105,170	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	204,105	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$150,000 to $199,999	105,180	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	192,155	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$200,000 and over	86,355	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	136,335	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	1,727,310	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3,531,660	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Under $5,000	33,060	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	50,445	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$5,000 to $9,999	30,330	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	57,335	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,650	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	120,860	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$15,000 to $19,999	87,175	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	190,300	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$20,000 to $24,999	94,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	202,905	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,045	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	187,365	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$30,000 to $34,999	103,400	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	231,765	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$35,000 to $39,999	104,955	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	225,695	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$40,000 to $44,999	100,370	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	211,990	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$45,000 to $49,999	97,330	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	202,760	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$50,000 to $59,999	174,750	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	363,775	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$60,000 to $69,999	148,275	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	309,825	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,370	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	256,150	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$80,000 to $89,999	101,920	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	208,765	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$90,000 to $99,999	82,880	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	166,295	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 and over	301,515	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	545,440	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$100,000 to $124,999	139,215	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	269,170	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$125,000 to $149,999	71,850	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	130,225	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
$150,000 and over	90,455	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	146,045	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,102,785	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2,261,890	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,175	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	79,378	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,355	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	68,152	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	391,400	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	930,195	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,547	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	70,075	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,319	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	60,224	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	486,280	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	911,980	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,941	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	105,246	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,292	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	88,844	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	3.9	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	194,800	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	364,085	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,054	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	52,708	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,837	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	47,805	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	2.6	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	718,550	350,225	368,325	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 32}	29,850	31,216	28,734	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 32}	27,212	28,012	26,567	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,009,790	1,966,755	2,043,035	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,258,795	1,083,185	1,175,610	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	416,230	205,250	210,980	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	435,520	197,820	237,700	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	489,830	233,765	256,070	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	474,330	229,435	244,895	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	442,885	216,920	225,965	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	1,750,995	883,570	867,425	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	419,115	208,630	210,490	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	392,990	197,220	195,770	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	361,460	182,895	178,565	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	305,085	155,505	149,580	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	272,335	139,320	133,015	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,009,795	1,966,755	2,043,035	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	819,405	418,510	400,895	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	279,080	142,795	136,285	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	2,588,750	1,278,315	1,310,435	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	601,635	269,930	331,705	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	614,140	288,445	325,695	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	128,620	65,805	62,820	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	44,445	22,620	21,830	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	381,890	185,820	196,065	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	103,635	36,820	66,810	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.7	15.9	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.7	15.7	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	15.8	16.0	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.5	15.0	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	17.2	13.6	20.1	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	479,645	232,435	247,210	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	90,445	46,360	44,090	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	31,445	16,025	15,425	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	326,695	164,545	162,150	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	62,505	21,530	40,970	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.0	11.8	12.1	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	11.1	11.0	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.9	12.4	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	10.4	8.0	12.4	6.6	4.9	8.0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released September 13, 2017.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 18, 2017).

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Date modified:: 2017-08-25

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]