Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

Metadata including Station Name, Province, Latitude, Longitude, Elevation, Climate ID, WMO ID, TC ID
MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A *
QUEBEC
Latitude: 45°28'00.000" N Longitude: 73°45'00.000" W Elevation: 36.00 m
Climate ID: 7025250 WMO ID: 71627 TC ID: YUL

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Normals from to
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Daily Average (°C) -9.7 -7.7 -2.0 6.4 13.4 18.6 21.2 20.1 15.5 8.5 2.1 -5.4 6.8 A
Standard Deviation 3.3 2.7 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 3.0 0.9 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -5.3 -3.2 2.5 11.6 18.9 23.9 26.3 25.3 20.6 13.0 5.9 -1.4 11.5 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -14.0 -12.2 -6.5 1.2 7.9 13.2 16.1 14.8 10.3 3.9 -1.7 -9.3 2.0 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 13.9 15.0 25.6 30.0 34.7 35.0 35.6 37.6 33.5 28.3 21.7 18.0
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1950/ 25 1981/ 22 1945/ 28 1990/ 27 2010/ 26 1964/ 30 1953/ 17 1975/ 01 1999/ 04 1968/ 02 1948/ 06 2001/ 06
Extreme Minimum (°C) -37.8 -33.9 -29.4 -15.0 -4.4 0.0 6.1 3.3 -2.2 -7.2 -19.4 -32.4
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1957/ 15 1943/ 15 1950/ 04 1954/ 04 1974/ 02 1995/ 05 1982/ 03 1957/ 28 1951/ 30 1972/ 20 1949/ 27 1980/ 25
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Rainfall (mm) 27.3 20.9 29.7 67.7 81.2 87.0 89.3 94.1 83.1 89.1 76.7 38.8 784.9 A
Snowfall (cm) 50 41 36 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 19 49 210 A
Precipitation (mm) 77.2 62.7 69.1 82.2 81.2 87.0 89.3 94.1 83.1 91.3 96.4 86.8 1000.3 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 11 13 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 4 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 11 13 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 13 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 3 A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 46.6 31.5 32.4 48.2 45.6 66.5 63.6 73.8 81.9 80.5 93.5 51.2
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 2006/ 18 1961/ 25 1998/ 09 2006/ 23 2006/ 19 1997/ 21 2005/ 05 2005/ 31 1979/ 14 1995/ 06 1996/ 08 2003/ 11
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 36 39 43 34 22 0 0 0 6 21 31 41
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1999/ 15 1954/ 16 1971/ 04 2000/ 09 1963/ 10 1942/ 01 1942/ 01 1942/ 01 1946/ 30 1988/ 22 1944/ 30 2005/ 16
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 47.0 43.4 42.8 48.2 45.6 66.5 63.6 73.8 81.9 80.5 93.5 51.4
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 2006/ 18 2008/ 01 2001/ 22 2006/ 23 2006/ 19 1997/ 21 2005/ 05 2005/ 31 1979/ 14 1995/ 06 1996/ 08 2003/ 11
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 61 91 102 44 8 0 0 0 0 15 33 64
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1959/ 17 1958/ 22 1971/ 12 2001/ 01 1963/ 11 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1962/ 29 1965/ 22 1970/ 24
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
<= 0 °C 23.2 19.2 9.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 17.2 74.0 A
> 0 °C 7.8 9.0 21.1 29.5 31.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 30.0 31.0 26.0 13.8 291.2 A
> 10 °C 0.1 0.3 3.4 16.9 30.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.8 21.6 6.5 0.8 201.3 A
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.8 11.9 24.0 30.1 28.8 16.6 2.8 0.0 0.0 117.1 A
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.2 3.6 2.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3 A
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 A
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
> 0 °C 1.1 1.5 5.0 18.7 30.4 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.8 25.0 11.4 2.6 217.5 A
<= 2 °C 30.7 27.8 29.5 17.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 11.5 23.4 30.3 173.6 A
<= 0 °C 29.9 26.7 26.0 11.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.0 18.6 28.4 147.7 A
< -2 °C 28.9 25.4 21.9 6.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 13.4 26.0 124.3 A
< -10 °C 21.5 17.4 8.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 13.5 62.9 A
< -20 °C 7.6 3.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 14.3 A
< - 30 °C 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 A
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
>= 0.2 mm 4.2 4 6.9 11.6 13.6 13.3 12.3 11.6 11.1 13 11.7 5.9 119.1 A
>= 5 mm 1.7 1.2 2 4.5 5.1 5 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.8 2.4 46.9 A
>= 10 mm 0.97 0.73 0.87 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.6 2.8 2.3 1.4 25.8 A
>= 25 mm 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.47 0.73 0.79 0.80 0.83 0.63 0.57 0.17 5.6 A
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
>= 0.2 cm 15.3 12.1 9.1 3.2 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.72 5.4 13 58.9 A
>= 5 cm 3.2 2.6 2.2 0.90 0 0 0 0 0 0.10 1.3 3.3 13.6 A
>= 10 cm 1.1 1 0.93 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.57 1.3 5.4 A
>= 25 cm 0.03 0.10 0.13 0.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.53 A
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
>= 0.2 mm 16.7 13.7 13.6 12.9 13.6 13.3 12.3 11.6 11.1 13.3 14.8 16.3 163.3 A
>= 5 mm 4.6 3.8 4.5 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.9 5.3 59.9 A
>= 10 mm 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.0 32.9 A
>= 25 mm 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 6.9 A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
>= 1 cm 28.7 26.4 20 2.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.13 5 21.2 104.1 A
>= 5 cm 23.6 20.9 15 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 16.5 79.6 A
>= 10 cm 15.5 14.1 11.2 0.80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.67 10.3 52.5 A
>= 20 cm 5.2 7.4 6 0.27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.10 2.4 21.3 A
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Speed (km/h) 16.0 15.5 15.6 15.9 14.6 13.2 12.4 11.8 12.6 14.2 15.3 15.6 14.4 A
Most Frequent Direction W W W W SW SW SW SW W W W W W A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 90 80 74 70 72 66 58 55 65 72 76 72
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1959/ 22 1961/ 26 1971/ 04 1977/ 03 1964/ 09 1972/ 22 1956/ 11 1965/ 06 2005/ 29 1979/ 06 1975/ 10 2000/ 18
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed SW N NE W SW NE SW NW SW SW SW W
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1959/ 22 1961/ 26 1971/ 04 1977/ 03 1964/ 09 1972/ 22 1956/ 11 1965/ 06 2005/ 29 1979/ 06 1975/ 10 2000/ 18
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 117 138 161 106 103 111 126 105 97 117 113 103
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1959/ 22 1956/ 25 1964/ 05 1975/ 19 1956/ 14 1957/ 29 1975/ 02 1966/ 09 1956/ 06 1979/ 06 1989/ 16 1971/ 11
Direction of Maximum Gust SW SW S SW SW S W S SW SW S SW
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1959/ 22 1956/ 25 1964/ 05 1975/ 19 1956/ 14 1957/ 29 1975/ 02 1966/ 09 1956/ 06 1979/ 06 1989/ 16 1971/ 11
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0.2 3.4 7.9 5 1.1 0 0 0 17.6 A
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 0.6 10 52.8 104.3 81.2 21.4 0.8 0 0 271.2 A
Above 15 °C 0 0 0 2.8 30.9 115 191.7 159.4 58.8 4.9 0 0 563.5 A
Above 10 °C 0 0 0.5 19.6 116.8 255.6 346.3 311.9 171.5 35.1 2.7 0.1 1,260 A
Above 5 °C 0.5 0.9 7.3 79.5 258.3 405.4 501.3 466.9 317.1 121.2 24.4 1.8 2184.5 A
Above 0 °C 6.6 9.3 45.9 198.2 412.8 555.4 656.3 621.9 467 263.1 96 16.7 3349.3 A
Below 0 °C 310.3 226.7 108.6 5.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 32.2 183.4 866.8 A
Below 5 °C 459.1 359.4 225 36.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 13.3 110.6 323.4 1528.3 A
Below 10 °C 613.7 499.7 373.2 126.9 14 0.2 0 0 4.5 82.1 239 476.7 2,430 A
Below 15 °C 768.7 640.9 527.7 260 83.1 9.6 0.4 2.5 41.8 207 386.2 631.7 3559.6 A
Below 18 °C 861.7 725.6 620.7 347.9 155.2 37.4 6 17.4 94.4 295.9 476.2 724.7 4,363 A
Evaporation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Evaporation
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Lake Evaporation (mm) 0 0 0 0 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.8 2.6 1.7 0 0 0
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Total Hours 101.2 127.8 164.3 178.3 228.9 240.3 271.5 246.3 182.2 143.5 83.6 83.6 2051.3 D
Days with measureable 21.2 21.8 25.6 25.3 28.3 28.2 30.0 29.6 26.8 26.5 21.0 20.9 305.2 D
% of possible daylight hours 35.7 43.7 44.6 44.0 49.6 51.3 57.3 56.3 48.3 42.2 29.2 30.7 44.4 D
Extreme Daily 9.3 10.7 11.8 13.6 14.6 14.9 14.8 14.2 12.7 10.9 9.8 8.6
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 2000/ 29 1978/ 28 1971/ 31 2000/ 30 1970/ 28 1970/ 12 1994/ 11 1987/ 01 1986/ 01 1983/ 10 1987/ 02 1999/ 01
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Extreme Humidex 13.5 14.7 23.2 33.8 39.7 45.0 45.8 46.8 42.8 33.5 24.6 18.1
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1996/ 19 1981/ 22 1977/ 30 2002/ 16 2010/ 26 1953/ 21 2002/ 02 1975/ 01 1953/ 04 1967/ 03 1971/ 02 1982/ 04
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 8.8 17.0 13.7 4.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 46.1 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.0 6.1 4.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 A
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Extreme Wind Chill -49 -46 -43 -26 -10 0 0 0 -5 -11 -31 -46
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1976/ 23 1967/ 12 2003/ 03 1995/ 05 1978/ 01 1953/ 01 1953/ 01 1953/ 01 2000/ 28 1976/ 26 1958/ 30 1980/ 25
Days with Wind Chill < -20 16.7 12.2 4.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 8.3 42.2 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 5.3 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 8.8 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 A
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.9 A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 74.6 73.5 73.1 72.4 73.6 78 81 84.7 86.3 83.7 80.8 79.3 78.4 A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 68.1 63.4 58.3 51.9 51.4 55.3 56.1 56.8 59.7 62 68 71.4 60.2 A
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 101.2 101.3 101.2 101 101 100.8 100.9 101.1 101.2 101.3 101.2 101.2 101.1 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 101.7 101.7 101.6 101.4 101.4 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.6 A
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2) 94 130.4 187.9 0 0 267.2 0 230.7 165 124.7 89 72.4 0
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 11.2 16.8 22.9 27.7 31.1 31.7 30.5 27.3 23.4 17.7 11.9 8.3
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1994/ 31 1992/ 29 1994/ 30 1992/ 26 1997/ 27 1994/ 10 1993/ 01 1995/ 08 1992/ 02 1995/ 01 1993/ 02 1989/ 01
Extreme Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2) 6 8.6 13 14.5 13.7 14.5 15 12.6 10.7 8.1 5.2 4.3
Date
(yyyy/dd)		 1993/ 29 1990/ 25 1998/ 23 1989/ 24 1997/ 29 1992/ 05 1993/ 05 1989/ 11 1990/ 21 1993/ 05 1990/ 13 1992/ 27
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
< 1 km 7.6 6.8 9.1 3.3 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.8 4.9 4.3 7.1 47.9 C
1 to 9 km 145.7 113.7 90.7 56.8 36.5 39.5 36.5 49.2 42.4 60.1 98.5 136.6 906.3 C
> 9 km 590.7 556.3 644.3 659.9 706.2 679.7 707.3 694 675.8 679 617.3 600.3 7810.6 C
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear Code
0 to 2 tenths 182.3 194 220 181.7 181.4 180.4 196.9 209.1 219.4 188.3 130.3 155.2 2239.1 C
3 to 7 tenths 94.4 96.1 103.4 121.1 152.8 178.7 205.3 204.7 158.2 125.5 102.7 97 1639.9 C
8 to 10 tenths 467.3 386.7 420.6 417.2 409.8 360.9 341.9 330.2 342.5 430.1 487 491.8 4885.9 C
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data (Frost-Free)
Frost-FreeCode
Average Date of Last Spring Frost April 29 LegendAA
Average Date of First Fall Frost October 12 LegendAA
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 165 Days LegendAA
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
DateMay 15May 08May 06Apr 29Apr 27Apr 25Apr 19
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
DateSep 27Oct 02Oct 06Oct 09Oct 14Oct 15Oct 21
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Days139152155160165169177
Legend
  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years