Kontent qismiga oʻtish

Abadiyat darvozasida: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Tarixni interaktiv tarzda koʻrib chiqish
← Avvalgi tahrirKeyingi tahrir →
Kontent oʻchirildi Kontent qoʻshildi
VizualVikimatn
AzizjonS (munozara | hissa)
384 edits
AzizjonS (munozara | hissa)
384 edits
Tahrir izohi yoʻq
Qator 1: Qator 1:
{{thr}}
{{thr}}
{{Sanʼat asari bilgiqutisi
{| class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"
| nomi = Abadiyat darvozasida
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic" |Qaygʻuli chol („Abadiyat darvozasida“)
| other_language_1 = inglizcha
⚫
|- class="mw-file-description" href="./File:Van_Gogh_-_Trauernder_alter_Mann.jpeg"
| other_title_1 = At Eternity's Gate
| colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Van_Gogh_-_Trauernder_alter_Mann.jpeg|alt=An elderly man with a bald head is sitting on a yellow chair by his fire. There is a low fire in the grate. He is dressed in blue clothes. He is holding his head in his hands.|frameless]]</img>
⚫
| tasvir = Van_Gogh_-_Trauernder_alter_Mann.jpeg
|- class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;"
| izoh =
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" | Rassom
| class="infobox-data attendee" | [[Vincent van Gogh|Vinsent van Gog]]
| rassom = [[Vincent van Gogh]]
| yil = [[1890-yil]]
|-
| katalog = {{flatlist|
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" | Yil
*F702
| class="infobox-data" | 1890
*JH1967
|-
⚫
}}
! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" | Katalog
| height_metric = 80
| class="infobox-data" |
| width_metric = 64
⚫
|}
| height_imperial = 31.5
⚫
'''''Qaygʻuli chol (Abadiyat darvozasida) -''''' [[Vincent van Gogh]] tomonidan 1890-yilda Sent-Remi de Provansda ilk [[litografiya]] asosida chizilgan yogʻli rasm<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20111.041/Sorrowing-old-man-At-Eternitys-Gate?artist%3DVincent+van+Gogh+%281853+-+1890%29%26characteristic%3D%26characteristic_type%3DPainting%26van%3D1890%26tot%3D1890%26start%3D0%26fromsearch%3D1 |sarlavha=Treurende oude man ('At Eternity's Gate') - Kröller-Müller Museum |qaralgan sana=13 June 2012 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228040333/http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20111.041/Sorrowing-old-man-At-Eternitys-Gate?artist=Vincent%20van%20Gogh%20%281853%20-%201890%29&characteristic=&characteristic_type=Painting&van=1890&tot=1890&start=0&fromsearch=1 |arxivsana=28 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="Letter 288">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let288/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>. Rasm may oyi boshida, rassom oʻlimidan ikki oy oldin sogʻligʻining ogʻirlashishidan tuzalib ketayotgan paytda yakunlangan (aslida rassom oʻz joniga suiqasd qilgan deb hisoblanadi) <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hulsker |first=Jan |title=The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches |year=1986 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0-517-44867-X |page=444}}</ref>.
| width_imperial = 21.2
| metric_unit = sm
| muzey = [[Kröller-Müller Muzeyi]]<ref>[http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20111.041/Treurende-oude-man-At-Eternitys-Gate?lang=en Sorrowing old man ('At Eternity's Gate')], [[Kröller-Müller Museum]]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| shahar = [[Otterlo]]
}}
⚫
'''''Qaygʻudagi chol (Abadiyat darvozasida) -''''' [[Vincent van Gogh]] tomonidan 1890-yilda Saint-Rémy provinsiyasida ilk [[litografiya]] asosida chizilgan moy bo'yoqli rasm<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20111.041/Sorrowing-old-man-At-Eternitys-Gate?artist%3DVincent+van+Gogh+%281853+-+1890%29%26characteristic%3D%26characteristic_type%3DPainting%26van%3D1890%26tot%3D1890%26start%3D0%26fromsearch%3D1 |sarlavha=Treurende oude man ('At Eternity's Gate') - Kröller-Müller Museum |qaralgan sana=13 June 2012 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228040333/http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20111.041/Sorrowing-old-man-At-Eternitys-Gate?artist=Vincent%20van%20Gogh%20%281853%20-%201890%29&characteristic=&characteristic_type=Painting&van=1890&tot=1890&start=0&fromsearch=1 |arxivsana=28 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="Letter 288">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let288/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>. Rasm may oyi boshida, rassom oʻlimidan ikki oy oldin sogʻligʻining ogʻirlashishidan tuzalib ketayotgan paytda yakunlangan (aslida rassom oʻz joniga suiqasd qilgan deb hisoblanadi) <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hulsker |first=Jan |title=The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches |year=1986 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0-517-44867-X |page=444}}</ref>.


1970-yilgi raisonné katalogida ushbu asarga '''''Toliqqan: Abadiylik darvozasida''''' nomi berilgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=de la Faille |first=Jacob Baart |title=The Works of Vincent van Gogh |year=1970 |publisher=Meulenhoff |location=Amsterdam |page=274 |oclc=300160639}}</ref>.
1970-yilgi raisonné katalogida ushbu asarga '''''Toliqqan: Abadiylik darvozasida''''' nomi berilgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=de la Faille |first=Jacob Baart |title=The Works of Vincent van Gogh |year=1970 |publisher=Meulenhoff |location=Amsterdam |page=274 |oclc=300160639}}</ref>.


== Litograf ==
== Litografiya ==
Litograf Van Goghning 1882-yilda nafaqaxoʻr va urush faxriysi Adrianus Jakobus Zuyderlandning [[Gaaga|Gaagadagi]] mahalliy xayriya uyida bir necha marta chizishga urinishlaridan biri boʻlgan „Toliqqan“ qalam rasmiga asoslangan boʻlib, bir yil avval oʻzi chizgan rasm va akvarel tasvirining qayta ishlangan shakli edi<ref name="Letter 172">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. Etten, mid-September 1881 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let172/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>. Van Goghni ushbu kartina uchun Hubert von Herkomerning Qirollik akademiyasida ''"Soʻnggi yigʻin" kartinasi'' sifatida mashhur boʻlgan, urush faxriysining halok boʻlganini aks ettirgan juda mashhur bosma asari"''Chelsi kasalxonasidagi yakshanba kuni"'' asari ilhomlantirgan. Ushbu kartinani Van Gogh 1875-yilda Angliyada boʻlgan vaqtida koʻrgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=von Herkomer |ism=Hubert |sarlavha=The Last Muster |url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/thelastmuster.asp |nashriyot=[[Lady Lever Art Gallery]] |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423225329/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/thelastmuster.asp |arxivsana=23 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Korda |ism=Andrea |sarlavha=The Streets as Art Galleries: Hubert Herkomer, William Powell Frith, and the Artistic Advertisement |url=http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/index.php/spring12/korda-on-the-streets-as-art-galleries-hubert-herkomer-william-powell-frith-and-the-artistic-advertisement |nashriyot=Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide}}</ref><ref name="Naifeh & White Smith">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Van Gogh: The Life |year=2011 |publisher=[[Random House]] |first=Steven |last=Naifeh |isbn=978-0-375-50748-9 |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/book/119583/van-gogh-by-steven-naifeh-and-gregory-white-smith |page=318}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Notes 233 |url=http://www.vangoghbiography.com/notes.php?valuesearch=313 |ish=Van Gogh: The Life |nashriyot=VanGoghBiography.com}}</ref>. Van Gogh oʻzining ushbu asari haqida shunday yozgan<ref name="Letter 286">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Friday, 24 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let286/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>:
Litografiya Van Goghning 1882-yilda nafaqaxoʻr va urush faxriysi Adrianus Jakobus Zuyderlandning [[Gaaga|Gaagadagi]] mahalliy xayriya uyida bir necha marta chizishga urinishlaridan biri boʻlgan „Toliqqan“ qalam rasmiga asoslangan boʻlib, bir yil avval oʻzi chizgan rasm va akvarel tasvirining qayta ishlangan shakli edi<ref name="Letter 172">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. Etten, mid-September 1881 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let172/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>. Van Goghni ushbu kartina uchun Hubert von Herkomerning Qirollik akademiyasida ''"Soʻnggi yigʻin" kartinasi'' sifatida mashhur boʻlgan, urush faxriysining halok boʻlganini aks ettirgan juda mashhur bosma asari "''Chelsi kasalxonasidagi yakshanba kuni''" asari ilhomlantirgan. Ushbu kartinani Van Gogh 1875-yilda Angliyada boʻlgan vaqtida koʻrgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=von Herkomer |ism=Hubert |sarlavha=The Last Muster |url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/thelastmuster.asp |nashriyot=[[Lady Lever Art Gallery]] |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423225329/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/thelastmuster.asp |arxivsana=23 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Korda |ism=Andrea |sarlavha=The Streets as Art Galleries: Hubert Herkomer, William Powell Frith, and the Artistic Advertisement |url=http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/index.php/spring12/korda-on-the-streets-as-art-galleries-hubert-herkomer-william-powell-frith-and-the-artistic-advertisement |nashriyot=Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide}}</ref><ref name="Naifeh & White Smith">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Van Gogh: The Life |year=2011 |publisher=[[Random House]] |first=Steven |last=Naifeh |isbn=978-0-375-50748-9 |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/book/119583/van-gogh-by-steven-naifeh-and-gregory-white-smith |page=318}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Notes 233 |url=http://www.vangoghbiography.com/notes.php?valuesearch=313 |ish=Van Gogh: The Life |nashriyot=VanGoghBiography.com}}</ref>. Van Gogh oʻzining ushbu asari haqida shunday yozgan<ref name="Letter 286">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Friday, 24 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let286/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref>:
{{Blockquote|text=Bugun va kecha men tirsagi tizzasida, boshi qo‘lida turgan cholning ikkita suratini chizdim. Men buni Schuitemaker tomonidan bir marta qildim va har doim rasmni saqlab qoldim, chunki boshqa safar buni yaxshiroq qilishni xohlardim. Ehtimol, men uning toshbosmasini ham qilaman. Yamoqli [[bombaz]] kostyumida, kal boshi bilan ishlaydigan keksa odam qanday ajoyib manzara yaratadi.}}
{{Blockquote|text=Bugun va kecha men tirsagi tizzasida, boshi qo‘lida turgan cholning ikkita suratini chizdim. Men buni Schuitemaker tomonidan bir marta qildim va har doim rasmni saqlab qoldim, chunki boshqa safar buni yaxshiroq qilishni xohlardim. Ehtimol, men uning toshbosmasini ham qilaman. Yamoqli [[bombaz]] kostyumida, kal boshi bilan ishlaydigan keksa odam qanday ajoyib manzara yaratadi.}}
Van Goghning toshbosmaga birinchi urinishi moyli tasvirdan ikki kundan keyin sodir boʻldi. U shunday yozgan<ref name="Letter 288">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let288/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Notes 341, 342 |url=http://vangoghbiography.com/notes.php?valuesearch=318 |ish=Van Gogh: The Life |nashriyot=VanGoghBiography.com}}</ref>:
Van Goghning toshbosmaga birinchi urinishi moy bo'yoqli tasvirdan ikki kundan keyin sodir boʻldi. U shunday yozgan<ref name="Letter 288">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let288/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Notes 341, 342 |url=http://vangoghbiography.com/notes.php?valuesearch=318 |ish=Van Gogh: The Life |nashriyot=VanGoghBiography.com}}</ref>:
{{Blockquote|text=Menimcha, rassom o'z asariga g'oyani kiritishga harakat qilishi shart. Men buni ushbu nashrda aytmoqchi bo'ldim - lekin buni qorong'u oynada ko'rinadigan xira aks etgan haqiqat kabi ajoyib tarzda ayta olmayman - va bu Millet ishongan “yuqorida nimadir” borligiga, ya’ni Xudo va abadiyat borligiga dalili, bu so‘zsiz ta’sirchan xislatdirki, bu kabi keksa odamning o'chog'ining bir chekkasida jimgina o'tirganidan bo'lsa kerak, menga eng kuchli qismlardan biri bo'lib tuyuladi. Shu bilan birga, bu qurtlarga mos kelmaydigan qimmatbaho, olijanob narsa. ... Bu har qanday ilohiyotdan uzoqdir - oddiygina, eng kambag'al o'tinchi, sog'lom fermer yoki konchi unga yaqin bo'lgan abadiy uy hissini beradigan his-tuyg'u va kayfiyat lahzalariga ega bo'lishi mumkin.}}
{{Blockquote|text=Menimcha, rassom o'z asariga g'oyani kiritishga harakat qilishi shart. Men buni ushbu nashrda aytmoqchi bo'ldim - lekin buni qorong'u oynada ko'rinadigan xira aks etgan haqiqat kabi ajoyib tarzda ayta olmayman - va bu Millet ishongan “yuqorida nimadir” borligiga, ya’ni Xudo va abadiyat borligiga dalili, bu so‘zsiz ta’sirchan xislatdirki, bu kabi keksa odamning o'chog'ining bir chekkasida jimgina o'tirganidan bo'lsa kerak, menga eng kuchli qismlardan biri bo'lib tuyuladi. Shu bilan birga, bu qurtlarga mos kelmaydigan qimmatbaho, olijanob narsa. ... Bu har qanday ilohiyotdan uzoqdir - oddiygina, eng kambag'al o'tinchi, sog'lom fermer yoki konchi unga yaqin bo'lgan abadiy uy hissini beradigan his-tuyg'u va kayfiyat lahzalariga ega bo'lishi mumkin.}}
Keyinchalik, oʻzining diniy his-tuygʻularini kamdan-kam ifodalashda, u ushbu toshbosma va Zuyderland tomonidan qoʻyilgan boshqa ikkita rasm, mos ravishda Muqaddas Kitobni oʻqiyotgan va inoyat aytgan cholning rasmlari haqida yozgan<ref name="Letter 294">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Letter 294: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 and about Monday, 18 December 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let294/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref><ref>Hulsker (1980) p. 69.</ref><ref>Erickson (1998) [[iarchive:ateternitysgate00eric/page/77| p. 77.]]</ref>:
Keyinchalik, oʻzining diniy his-tuygʻularini kamdan-kam ifodalashda, u ushbu toshbosma va Zuyderland tomonidan qoʻyilgan boshqa ikkita rasm, mos ravishda Muqaddas Kitobni oʻqiyotgan va inoyat aytgan cholning rasmlari haqida yozgan<ref name="Letter 294">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Letter 294: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 and about Monday, 18 December 1882 |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let294/letter.html |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]]}}</ref><ref>Hulsker (1980) p. 69.</ref><ref>Erickson (1998) [[iarchive:ateternitysgate00eric/page/77| p. 77.]]</ref>:
{{Blockquote|text=Mening bu ikki rasm va birinchi cholni tasvirlash bilan niyatim bir va bir xil, ya'ni Rojdestvo va Yangi yilning o'ziga xos kayfiyatini ifodalash. ... Bunga rozi bo'ladimi yoki yo'qmi, bir chetga qo'ysak, bu samimiy bo'lsa, hurmat qiladigan narsa va o'z navbatida men bunga to'liq sherik bo'lishim va hatto bunga ehtiyoj sezishim mumkin, hech bo'lmaganda, xuddi shunday ma'noda. Bunday keksa odam sifatida men u yerda kim yoki nima bo'lishini aniq bilmasam ham, yuqorida nimadir borligiga ishonaman.}}
{{Blockquote|text=Mening bu ikki rasm va birinchi cholni tasvirlash bilan niyatim bir va bir xil, ya'ni Rojdestvo va Yangi yilning o'ziga xos kayfiyatini ifodalash. ... Bunga rozi bo'ladimi yoki yo'qmi, bir chetga qo'ysak, bu samimiy bo'lsa, hurmat qiladigan narsa va o'z navbatida men bunga to'liq sherik bo'lishim va hatto bunga ehtiyoj sezishim mumkin, hech bo'lmaganda, xuddi shunday ma'noda. Bunday keksa odam sifatida men u yerda kim yoki nima bo'lishini aniq bilmasam ham, yuqorida nimadir borligiga ishonaman.}}
Litografning yettita taassurotlari maʼlum boʻlib, ulardan biriga ''"Abadiyat darvozasida"'' izohi berilgan. Xuddi shu mavzu 1883-yilda oʻtirgan ayolning ikkita tadqiqotida qayta koʻrib chiqiladi.
Litografiyaning yettita ko'rinishlari maʼlum boʻlib, ulardan biriga ''"Abadiyat darvozasida"'' izohi berilgan.


2021-yilda Gollandiyada 1910-yildan beri shaxsiy kolleksiyadagi rasm [[Van Gogh muzeyi]] tomonidan „Toliqqan“ kartinasining qalam chizmasining dastlabki tadqiqoti sifatida tasdiqlandi va namoyish etildi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=16 September 2021 |title=Pencil drawing of old man identified as Van Gogh work |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/sep/16/pencil-drawing-of-old-man-identified-as-van-gogh-work |access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bailey|first1=Martin|title=New Van Gogh discovery: first version of despairing man that was bought for £6—and then hidden away for more than a century|journal=The Art Newspaper|date=16 September 2021|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/blog/van-gogh-discovery-the-first-version-of-worn-out-drawing|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>. Van Gogh muzeyi ilgari bir muncha vaqt davomida ushbu tadqiqot mavjudligidan xabardor edi<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meedendorp|first1=Teio|title=Study for 'Worn out': a newly discovered Van Gogh drawing|journal=The Burlington Magazine|date=October 2021|volume=163|page=918 (n. 5)|url=https://issuu.com/burlington/docs/meedendorp_140921|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>.
2021-yilda Gollandiyada 1910-yildan beri shaxsiy kolleksiyadagi rasm [[Van Gogh muzeyi]] tomonidan „Toliqqan“ kartinasining qalam chizmasining dastlabki tadqiqoti sifatida tasdiqlandi va namoyish etildi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=16 September 2021 |title=Pencil drawing of old man identified as Van Gogh work |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/sep/16/pencil-drawing-of-old-man-identified-as-van-gogh-work |access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bailey|first1=Martin|title=New Van Gogh discovery: first version of despairing man that was bought for £6—and then hidden away for more than a century|journal=The Art Newspaper|date=16 September 2021|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/blog/van-gogh-discovery-the-first-version-of-worn-out-drawing|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>. Van Gogh muzeyi ilgari bir muncha vaqt davomida ushbu tadqiqot mavjudligidan xabardor edi<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meedendorp|first1=Teio|title=Study for 'Worn out': a newly discovered Van Gogh drawing|journal=The Burlington Magazine|date=October 2021|volume=163|page=918 (n. 5)|url=https://issuu.com/burlington/docs/meedendorp_140921|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>.


=== Sharh ===
=== Sharh ===
Amerikalik ilohiyotshunos Kathleen Powers Erickson 1998-yilda ''At Eternity’s Gate'' haqida yozar ekan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Erickson |first=Kathleen Powers |title=At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent Van Goh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz0Pla9mLSYC&q=Belief+in+a+%22life+beyond+the+grave%22+is+central+to+one+of+van+Gogh%27s+first+accomplished+lithographs&pg=PA86 |isbn=9780802849786 |year=1998}}</ref>:
Amerikalik ilohiyotshunos Kathleen Powers Erickson 1998-yilda ''Abadiyat darvozasida (At Eternity’s Gate)'' haqida yozar ekan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Erickson |first=Kathleen Powers |title=At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent Van Goh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz0Pla9mLSYC&q=Belief+in+a+%22life+beyond+the+grave%22+is+central+to+one+of+van+Gogh%27s+first+accomplished+lithographs&pg=PA86 |isbn=9780802849786 |year=1998}}</ref>:
{{Blockquote|text="Qabr ortidagi hayot"ga ishonish Van Goghning "Abadiyat darvozasida" deb nomlangan birinchi toshbosma asarida markaziy o'rin tutadi ... Ushbu asarda 1882-yilda Gaagada o'ldirilgan, boshi qo'llari orasida turgan, olov yonida o'tirgan chol tasvirlangan. Van Gogh umrining oxiriga kelib, Sankt-Remidagi boshpanada sog'ayib ketayotib, bu tasvirni moyda qayta yaratdi. Qo'llarini mushtlagan holda yuzga egilib, g'am-g'ussaga botgan inson. Shubhasiz, agar kartinaga Van Gogh ingliz tilidagi "Abadiyat darvozasida" nomini bermaganida, asarda umidsizlik tasviri paydo bo'lardi. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, hatto eng chuqur qayg'u va og'riqli damlarda ham Van Gogh o'z asarida ifoda etishga harakat qilgan Xudoga va abadiylikka ishonishga talpingan. ...}}
{{Blockquote|text="Qabr ortidagi hayot"ga ishonish Van Goghning "Abadiyat darvozasida" deb nomlangan birinchi toshbosma asarida markaziy o'rin tutadi ... Ushbu asarda 1882-yilda Gaagada o'ldirilgan, boshi qo'llari orasida turgan, olov yonida o'tirgan chol tasvirlangan. Van Gogh umrining oxiriga kelib, Sankt-Remidagi boshpanada sog'ayib ketayotib, bu tasvirni moyda qayta yaratdi. Qo'llarini mushtlagan holda yuzga egilib, g'am-g'ussaga botgan inson. Shubhasiz, agar kartinaga Van Gogh ingliz tilidagi "Abadiyat darvozasida" nomini bermaganida, asarda umidsizlik tasviri paydo bo'lardi. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, hatto eng chuqur qayg'u va og'riqli damlarda ham Van Gogh o'z asarida ifoda etishga harakat qilgan Xudoga va abadiylikka ishonishga talpingan. ...}}


== Yaratilish tarixi ==
== Yaratilish tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_Félix_Rey_(F500).jpg|left|thumb| ''Doktor Feliks Rey portreti'' (F500, JH1659), tuvalga moyli boʻyalgan 1889-yil, Pushkin muzeyi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.vggallery.com/painting/p_0500.htm |sarlavha=Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey |muallif=Brooks, D |ish=The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam |nashriyot=David Brooks (self-published) |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>. Rey bu portretini yoqtirmadi va uni berib yubordi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.vggallery.com/misc/archives/rey.htm |sarlavha=Dr. Félix Rey, interviewed by Max Braumann (1928) |muallif=Brooks, D |ish=The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam |nashriyot=David Brooks (self-published) |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>.]]
[[Fayl:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_Félix_Rey_(F500).jpg|left|thumb| ''Doktor Feliks Rey portreti'' (F500, JH1659), tuvalga moyli boʻyalgan 1889-yil, Pushkin muzeyi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.vggallery.com/painting/p_0500.htm |sarlavha=Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey |muallif=Brooks, D |ish=The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam |nashriyot=David Brooks (self-published) |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>. Rey bu portretini yoqtirmadi va uni berib yubordi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.vggallery.com/misc/archives/rey.htm |sarlavha=Dr. Félix Rey, interviewed by Max Braumann (1928) |muallif=Brooks, D |ish=The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam |nashriyot=David Brooks (self-published) |qaralgan sana=23 February 2011}}</ref>.]]
Vinsent van Gogh hayotining soʻnggi ikki yilida qandaydir ruhiy kasallikdan aziyat chekdi. Arlesdagi kasalxonasida 1888-yil 24-dekabrda Van Gogh olib borilganda qoʻyilgan rasmiy tashxis „umumiy delirium bilan oʻtkir maniya“ edi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html#id8May1889 |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]] |qaralgan sana=23 February 2012}}</ref>. Kasalxonaning yosh stajyori doktor Feliks Rey ham Van Goghning tashxisida ''ruhiy'' epilepsiya sifatida tavsiflangan „tutqanoqning bir turi“ ni taklif qildi<ref>Naifeh and Smith (2011), 701 ''ff.'', 729, 749</ref>.
Vincent Van Gogh hayotining soʻnggi ikki yilida qandaydir ruhiy kasallikdan aziyat chekdi. Arlesdagi kasalxonasida 1888-yil 24-dekabrda Van Gogh olib borilganda qoʻyilgan rasmiy tashxis „umumiy delirium bilan oʻtkir maniya“ edi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation |url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html#id8May1889 |ish=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters |nashriyot=[[Van Gogh Museum]] |qaralgan sana=23 February 2012}}</ref>. Kasalxonaning yosh stajyori doktor Feliks Rey ham Van Goghning tashxisida ''ruhiy'' epilepsiya sifatida tavsiflangan „tutqanoqning bir turi“ ni taklif qildi<ref>Naifeh and Smith (2011), 701 ''ff.'', 729, 749</ref>.


Bugungi kunda Van Gogh kasalligining zamonaviy tashxisi boʻyicha kelishuv mavjud emas. Bu boʻyicha [[epilepsiya]] va [[maniakal-depressiv psixoz]] takliflari mavjud boʻlib, haddan tashqari absinthe (spirtli ichimlik turi) ichish, chekish va venerologik kasalliklar bilan kuchayishi mumkinligi haqida taxminlar bor. Kasallik alomatlari xilma-xil boʻlgan, lekin eng ogʻir koʻrinishlarida ular sarosimaga tushish va boʻyash, chizish va xat yozishni unutish kabi ongni yoʻqotish holatlarini oʻz ichiga olgan<ref>Hulsker (1980), 390</ref><ref>Naifeh and Smith (2011), 707 ''ff.'', 814 – 816</ref>. Aynan shunday xuruj uni birinchi marta Arlesdagi kasalxonaga yotqizishga sabab boʻlgan va keyinroq qaytarilgandan soʻng, 1889-yil may oyida u oʻzini Saint-Rémydagi boshpanaga topshirdi va u yerda 1890-yil mayigacha qoldi.
Bugungi kunda Van Gogh kasalligining zamonaviy tashxisi boʻyicha kelishuv mavjud emas. Bu boʻyicha [[epilepsiya]] va [[maniakal-depressiv psixoz]] takliflari mavjud boʻlib, haddan tashqari absinthe (spirtli ichimlik turi) ichish, chekish va venerologik kasalliklar bilan kuchayishi mumkinligi haqida taxminlar bor. Kasallik alomatlari xilma-xil boʻlgan, lekin eng ogʻir koʻrinishlarida ular sarosimaga tushish va boʻyash, chizish va xat yozishni unutish kabi ongni yoʻqotish holatlarini oʻz ichiga olgan<ref>Hulsker (1980), 390</ref><ref>Naifeh and Smith (2011), 707 ''ff.'', 814 – 816</ref>. Aynan shunday xuruj uni birinchi marta Arlesdagi kasalxonaga yotqizishga sabab boʻlgan va keyinroq qaytarilgandan soʻng, 1889-yil may oyida u oʻzini Saint-Rémydagi boshpanaga topshirdi va u yerda 1890-yil mayigacha qoldi.

15-Iyun 2024, 19:40 dagi koʻrinishi

Abadiyat darvozasida
inglizcha: At Eternity's Gate
Rassom Vincent van Gogh
Yil 1890-yil
Katalog
  • F702
  • JH1967
Oʻlchami 80 sm × 64 sm (31.5 in × 21.2 in)
Joylashuvi Kröller-Müller Muzeyi[1], Otterlo

Qaygʻudagi chol (Abadiyat darvozasida) - Vincent van Gogh tomonidan 1890-yilda Saint-Rémy provinsiyasida ilk litografiya asosida chizilgan moy bo'yoqli rasm[2][3]. Rasm may oyi boshida, rassom oʻlimidan ikki oy oldin sogʻligʻining ogʻirlashishidan tuzalib ketayotgan paytda yakunlangan (aslida rassom oʻz joniga suiqasd qilgan deb hisoblanadi) [4].

1970-yilgi raisonné katalogida ushbu asarga Toliqqan: Abadiylik darvozasida nomi berilgan[5].

Litografiya

Litografiya Van Goghning 1882-yilda nafaqaxoʻr va urush faxriysi Adrianus Jakobus Zuyderlandning Gaagadagi mahalliy xayriya uyida bir necha marta chizishga urinishlaridan biri boʻlgan „Toliqqan“ qalam rasmiga asoslangan boʻlib, bir yil avval oʻzi chizgan rasm va akvarel tasvirining qayta ishlangan shakli edi[6]. Van Goghni ushbu kartina uchun Hubert von Herkomerning Qirollik akademiyasida "Soʻnggi yigʻin" kartinasi sifatida mashhur boʻlgan, urush faxriysining halok boʻlganini aks ettirgan juda mashhur bosma asari "Chelsi kasalxonasidagi yakshanba kuni" asari ilhomlantirgan. Ushbu kartinani Van Gogh 1875-yilda Angliyada boʻlgan vaqtida koʻrgan[7][8][9][10]. Van Gogh oʻzining ushbu asari haqida shunday yozgan[11]:

Bugun va kecha men tirsagi tizzasida, boshi qo‘lida turgan cholning ikkita suratini chizdim. Men buni Schuitemaker tomonidan bir marta qildim va har doim rasmni saqlab qoldim, chunki boshqa safar buni yaxshiroq qilishni xohlardim. Ehtimol, men uning toshbosmasini ham qilaman. Yamoqli bombaz kostyumida, kal boshi bilan ishlaydigan keksa odam qanday ajoyib manzara yaratadi.

Van Goghning toshbosmaga birinchi urinishi moy bo'yoqli tasvirdan ikki kundan keyin sodir boʻldi. U shunday yozgan[3][12]:

Menimcha, rassom o'z asariga g'oyani kiritishga harakat qilishi shart. Men buni ushbu nashrda aytmoqchi bo'ldim - lekin buni qorong'u oynada ko'rinadigan xira aks etgan haqiqat kabi ajoyib tarzda ayta olmayman - va bu Millet ishongan “yuqorida nimadir” borligiga, ya’ni Xudo va abadiyat borligiga dalili, bu so‘zsiz ta’sirchan xislatdirki, bu kabi keksa odamning o'chog'ining bir chekkasida jimgina o'tirganidan bo'lsa kerak, menga eng kuchli qismlardan biri bo'lib tuyuladi. Shu bilan birga, bu qurtlarga mos kelmaydigan qimmatbaho, olijanob narsa. ... Bu har qanday ilohiyotdan uzoqdir - oddiygina, eng kambag'al o'tinchi, sog'lom fermer yoki konchi unga yaqin bo'lgan abadiy uy hissini beradigan his-tuyg'u va kayfiyat lahzalariga ega bo'lishi mumkin.

Keyinchalik, oʻzining diniy his-tuygʻularini kamdan-kam ifodalashda, u ushbu toshbosma va Zuyderland tomonidan qoʻyilgan boshqa ikkita rasm, mos ravishda Muqaddas Kitobni oʻqiyotgan va inoyat aytgan cholning rasmlari haqida yozgan[13][14][15]:

Mening bu ikki rasm va birinchi cholni tasvirlash bilan niyatim bir va bir xil, ya'ni Rojdestvo va Yangi yilning o'ziga xos kayfiyatini ifodalash. ... Bunga rozi bo'ladimi yoki yo'qmi, bir chetga qo'ysak, bu samimiy bo'lsa, hurmat qiladigan narsa va o'z navbatida men bunga to'liq sherik bo'lishim va hatto bunga ehtiyoj sezishim mumkin, hech bo'lmaganda, xuddi shunday ma'noda. Bunday keksa odam sifatida men u yerda kim yoki nima bo'lishini aniq bilmasam ham, yuqorida nimadir borligiga ishonaman.

Litografiyaning yettita ko'rinishlari maʼlum boʻlib, ulardan biriga "Abadiyat darvozasida" izohi berilgan.

2021-yilda Gollandiyada 1910-yildan beri shaxsiy kolleksiyadagi rasm Van Gogh muzeyi tomonidan „Toliqqan“ kartinasining qalam chizmasining dastlabki tadqiqoti sifatida tasdiqlandi va namoyish etildi[16][17]. Van Gogh muzeyi ilgari bir muncha vaqt davomida ushbu tadqiqot mavjudligidan xabardor edi[18].

Sharh

Amerikalik ilohiyotshunos Kathleen Powers Erickson 1998-yilda Abadiyat darvozasida (At Eternity’s Gate) haqida yozar ekan[19]:

"Qabr ortidagi hayot"ga ishonish Van Goghning "Abadiyat darvozasida" deb nomlangan birinchi toshbosma asarida markaziy o'rin tutadi ... Ushbu asarda 1882-yilda Gaagada o'ldirilgan, boshi qo'llari orasida turgan, olov yonida o'tirgan chol tasvirlangan. Van Gogh umrining oxiriga kelib, Sankt-Remidagi boshpanada sog'ayib ketayotib, bu tasvirni moyda qayta yaratdi. Qo'llarini mushtlagan holda yuzga egilib, g'am-g'ussaga botgan inson. Shubhasiz, agar kartinaga Van Gogh ingliz tilidagi "Abadiyat darvozasida" nomini bermaganida, asarda umidsizlik tasviri paydo bo'lardi. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, hatto eng chuqur qayg'u va og'riqli damlarda ham Van Gogh o'z asarida ifoda etishga harakat qilgan Xudoga va abadiylikka ishonishga talpingan. ...

Yaratilish tarixi

Doktor Feliks Rey portreti (F500, JH1659), tuvalga moyli boʻyalgan 1889-yil, Pushkin muzeyi[20]. Rey bu portretini yoqtirmadi va uni berib yubordi[21].

Vincent Van Gogh hayotining soʻnggi ikki yilida qandaydir ruhiy kasallikdan aziyat chekdi. Arlesdagi kasalxonasida 1888-yil 24-dekabrda Van Gogh olib borilganda qoʻyilgan rasmiy tashxis „umumiy delirium bilan oʻtkir maniya“ edi[22]. Kasalxonaning yosh stajyori doktor Feliks Rey ham Van Goghning tashxisida ruhiy epilepsiya sifatida tavsiflangan „tutqanoqning bir turi“ ni taklif qildi[23].

Bugungi kunda Van Gogh kasalligining zamonaviy tashxisi boʻyicha kelishuv mavjud emas. Bu boʻyicha epilepsiya va maniakal-depressiv psixoz takliflari mavjud boʻlib, haddan tashqari absinthe (spirtli ichimlik turi) ichish, chekish va venerologik kasalliklar bilan kuchayishi mumkinligi haqida taxminlar bor. Kasallik alomatlari xilma-xil boʻlgan, lekin eng ogʻir koʻrinishlarida ular sarosimaga tushish va boʻyash, chizish va xat yozishni unutish kabi ongni yoʻqotish holatlarini oʻz ichiga olgan[24][25]. Aynan shunday xuruj uni birinchi marta Arlesdagi kasalxonaga yotqizishga sabab boʻlgan va keyinroq qaytarilgandan soʻng, 1889-yil may oyida u oʻzini Saint-Rémydagi boshpanaga topshirdi va u yerda 1890-yil mayigacha qoldi.

Qoʻshimcha tasvirlar

  • Hubert von Herkomer – Sunday at the Chelsea Hospital (1871), also known as The Last Muster
    Hubert von Herkomer – Sunday at the Chelsea Hospital (1871), also known as The Last Muster
  • Prayer Before the Meal, pencil, black chalk, ink, heightened with white, December 1882, Private collection, Switzerland (F 1002, JH 281).[13]
    Prayer Before the Meal, pencil, black chalk, ink, heightened with white, December 1882, Private collection, Switzerland (F 1002, JH 281).[13]
  • Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Outʼ), (F863, JH34), watercolor, 1881, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam[26]
    Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Outʼ), (F863, JH34), watercolor, 1881, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam[26]
  • Worn Out (F997, JH267), pencil on watercolor paper, 1882, Van Gogh Museum
    Worn Out (F997, JH267), pencil on watercolor paper, 1882, Van Gogh Museum
  • Sorrowful old man (F998, JH269) pencil, black lithographic crayon, wash, white opaque watercolour, on watercolour paper, 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum[27]
    Sorrowful old man (F998, JH269) pencil, black lithographic crayon, wash, white opaque watercolour, on watercolour paper, 1882, Kröller-Müller Museum[27]
  • Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket (F1060, JH326), black lithographic crayon, grey wash, white and grey opaque watercolour, traces of squaring, on watercolour paper, 1883, Kröller-Müller Museum[28]
    Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket (F1060, JH326), black lithographic crayon, grey wash, white and grey opaque watercolour, traces of squaring, on watercolour paper, 1883, Kröller-Müller Museum[28]
  • Weeping Woman (F1069, JH325), Black and white chalk, with brush and stumping, brush and black and grey wash, and traces of graphite, over a brush and brown ink underdrawing on ivory wove paper, 1883, Art Institute of Chicago.[29]
    Weeping Woman (F1069, JH325), Black and white chalk, with brush and stumping, brush and black and grey wash, and traces of graphite, over a brush and brown ink underdrawing on ivory wove paper, 1883, Art Institute of Chicago.[29]

Yana qarang

Manbalar

  1. ↑ Sorrowing old man ('At Eternity's Gate'), Kröller-Müller Museum[sayt ishlamaydi]
  2. ↑ „Treurende oude man ('At Eternity's Gate') - Kröller-Müller Museum“. 2013-yil 28-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 13-iyun.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 „To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Sunday, 26 and Monday, 27 November 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  4. ↑ Hulsker, Jan. The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches. Random House, 1986 — 444 bet. ISBN 0-517-44867-X. 
  5. ↑ de la Faille, Jacob Baart. The Works of Vincent van Gogh. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1970 — 274 bet. OCLC 300160639. 
  6. ↑ „To Theo van Gogh. Etten, mid-September 1881“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  7. ↑ von Herkomer. „The Last Muster“. Lady Lever Art Gallery. 2012-yil 23-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  8. ↑ Korda. „The Streets as Art Galleries: Hubert Herkomer, William Powell Frith, and the Artistic Advertisement“. Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide.
  9. ↑ Naifeh, Steven. Van Gogh: The Life. Random House, 2011 — 318 bet. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9. 
  10. ↑ „Notes 233“. Van Gogh: The Life. VanGoghBiography.com.
  11. ↑ „To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Friday, 24 November 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  12. ↑ „Notes 341, 342“. Van Gogh: The Life. VanGoghBiography.com.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 „Letter 294: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 and about Monday, 18 December 1882“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum.
  14. ↑ Hulsker (1980) p. 69.
  15. ↑ Erickson (1998) p. 77.
  16. ↑ Brown, Mark. „Pencil drawing of old man identified as Van Gogh work“. The Guardian (2021-yil 16-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 16-sentyabr.
  17. ↑ Bailey, Martin (16 September 2021). "New Van Gogh discovery: first version of despairing man that was bought for £6—and then hidden away for more than a century". The Art Newspaper. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/blog/van-gogh-discovery-the-first-version-of-worn-out-drawing. Qaraldi: 20 September 2021. Abadiyat darvozasida]]
  18. ↑ Meedendorp, Teio (October 2021). "Study for 'Worn out': a newly discovered Van Gogh drawing". The Burlington Magazine 163: 918 (n. 5). https://issuu.com/burlington/docs/meedendorp_140921. Qaraldi: 20 September 2021. Abadiyat darvozasida]]
  19. ↑ Erickson, Kathleen Powers. At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent Van Goh, 1998. ISBN 9780802849786. 
  20. ↑ Brooks, D. „Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 23-fevral.
  21. ↑ Brooks, D. „Dr. Félix Rey, interviewed by Max Braumann (1928)“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 23-fevral.
  22. ↑ „Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation“. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Van Gogh Museum. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-fevral.
  23. ↑ Naifeh and Smith (2011), 701 ff., 729, 749
  24. ↑ Hulsker (1980), 390
  25. ↑ Naifeh and Smith (2011), 707 ff., 814 – 816
  26. ↑ Brooks, D. „Peasant Sitting by the Fireplace ('Worn Out')“. The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. David Brooks (self-published). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 19-fevral.
  27. ↑ „Sorrowful old man“. Kröller-Müller Museum. 2011-yil 1-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.
  28. ↑ „Mourning Woman Seated on a Basket“. Kröller-Müller Museum. 2013-yil 22-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.
  29. ↑ „Weeping Woman“. Art Institute of Chicago. Qaraldi: 2011-yil 22-fevral.

Havolalar

"https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abadiyat_darvozasida&oldid=4357140" dan olindi